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development that is linked with various negative impacts like the destruction of cultural heritage
and ecological systems as well. In response to such issues, a term that is surfaced recently is
sustainable tourism. The term sustainable tourism can be defined as an industry that is committed
to affecting the culture and the environment at a lower extent while supporting the job creation for
the residents in the future. The focus of sustainable tourism is to make sure that the impact of
development affects positively on the local peoples that involve tourism organisations and the
tourists as well. UNESCO (2015) stated, Sustainability is a paradigm for thinking about the future
in which environmental, societal and economic considerations are balanced in the pursuit of an
improved quality of life. It has represented potential solutions for the sustainability of tourism. In
addition, local communities, industry & government, visitors, and indigenous people are the
stakeholders that are involved in it; these are the key ideas to be covered in this essay. The research
is focused on ensuring the sustainability of tourism that is done with the help of analysing different
factors like environmental, social, and economic that are affecting the tourism industry.
In the past few decades, it can be seen that tourism has become an economical technique
that is proven and is one of the main leaders in driving the trade. The tourism industry takes part
in the contribution towards the strong growth of the economy, greater exports return, as well as
creating jobs, based on skills and foreign currencies and investments. Therefore, it is mandatory
to keep maintain tourism sustainable. The industry of tourism is so sensitive that it can be
influenced by natural or epidemic disasters; also, instability in politics is a major factor that has a
negative impact (Ingram, Tabari & Watthanakhomprathip, 2013). On the other hand, the growing
number tourism of developing countries creates a crucial effect on the resources that are natural
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such as the pattern of consumption, social systems, and pollution. There is a need of responsible
and sustainable planning as well as management is imperative for the industry of tourism in order
to survive as a whole. However, the industry of tourism never is fully sustained as each industry
has impacts but tourism can become more enhanced and more sustainable. Furthermore, it is
estimated that the number of international tourists would become around 1.8 billion in the next
few years (UNWTO, 2015). Approximately more than $650 is receipt by each tourist annually,
and more than $1.2 trillion dollars are spent on tourism every year (World Tourism Organization
UNWTO, 2012). Total global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) involves around 10% of the tourism
and travelling and it creates more than 10% of the employment globally (WTTC, 2016). A crisis
According to UNEP (2005), tourism is an activity that is raised approximately 25% in the
last one decade and it accounts for more than 10% of the worlds economic activities as well as it
one of the main source of employment. Nevertheless, it effects on the developed and the natural
environments mainly and culture of the host populations and on the wellbeing as well. In the same
time, the focus of sustainable development has become broadly acceptable as the way towards a
better tomorrow even through its roots in order to back to the 1980s.
Travelling is one of the favourite activities of the people all over the globe, especially the
millennial; however, it might affect the environment negatively. From an environmental point of
view, there are a number of issues that are being faced by the tourism industry involving global
warming, greenhouse emission, pollution and crisis like disasters such as Nepal Earthquake 2015
and the attack on the World Trade Centre. These disasters influenced the tourism industry directly
and indirectly in a negative way and devastated tourism within the country. On the other hand, a
significant amount of air pollution and noise pollution has also been increased due to the increment
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in the number of air, road, water, and rail transport. Emissions from transportation and energy
usage results in acidic rain. In addition, noise pollution that has been doubled by the time causes
stress and even hearing loss to the human as well as distress to the wildlife specifically in the
sensitive areas (UNEP, 2017). For example, the sound of vehicles can cause the wildlife to alter
their patterns of natural activities. It might also put pressure on the environment due to a large
number of tourists in the areas or regions where there are inadequate resources. This can be
reflected by the recent case of Thailand that the government decided to close down their three most
popular islands namely Koh Khai Nok, Koh Khai Nui and Koh Khai Naiin. These islands lie at
the coast of Phuket, the reason behind the decision was the negative effects on the islands such as
Despite environmental concerns, tourism also affects some social issues such as equity and
corporate social responsibility in the tourism. The term social tourism can be defined as the
phenomena or the relationship in tourism field that is came into existence with the help of
participating in travel by the elements of society that are economically weak (Murphy, 2013). It
involves both connotations demand and the supply as well. On the other hand, society refers to the
pattern of social organisations of the communities and within the communities as well. In contrast,
culture refers to the way that how people interact as observed through social relations, material
artefacts, and social interactions. Furthermore, social impacts of tourism define the changes within
the lives of individuals living in destination communities. The Cultural impact of tourism denotes
to the change in the various aspect of peoples lives such as artefacts, arts, rituals, customs, and
architecture. However, the term socio-cultural denotes to the changes to the experience of peoples
everyday life that also involves a way of life, values, and artistic as well as intellectual products.
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The impact of tourism are many in terms of social point of view, it might affect positively
as well as negatively in various aspects of sustainable tourism. For instance, a hotel in Costa Brava,
a coastal region of Catalonia in north-eastern Spain attracted female migrants labours for
receptionists and housemaid employment purposes and from being the daughter of farmers and
working in the kitchen, they were uprooted to the society and had good status as well as earned
good money. They became important financial contributors to their families, which changed their
status within the family. In addition, they became politicised through membership of trades unions
and some developed careers as managers within an industry not bound by traditional Spanish
practices as both foreign and domestic multinational hotel companies sought the best staff.
Tourism is one of the worlds largest and rapidly growing industry in the economic sector.
There are a number of countries that considers tourism as the main source of economic
development as it involves modern economic activities (UNEP, 2005). There is a link between the
tourism as well as employment, payment, production, and income. On the other hand, it might
affect negatively on the environment. Uncontrolled growth of tourism might result in impairment
of the environment and the growth of the tourist can be settled. The environment is the major
source of sustainable tourism that is why it is mandatory to protect the environment economic
development and sustainable tourism growth in the future. For instance, The World Trade Centre
also known as the Twin Towers was an American icon that was targeted by the terrorists on
It was one of the extreme terrorist attacks in the history and affected very badly on the
industry of tourism due to the ban on air travel made by the government. In most of the airports in
the United States to avoid any more hijacks of aeroplanes as they already lost three of their
commercial jets carrying hundreds of people. Thomas Cook the retail air traveller agency and one
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of the biggest in America reported that the attack has affected the airline's industry mostly. The
tourists cancelled or declined their bookings of flights for America, up to 12% of the downfall was
noticed from more than 95 travel agencies which have grounded many flights and about 1930
peoples lost their jobs due to the mega downfall in the industry (Kollewe, 2016). This devastation
ruined the tourism industry completely where many people were on their vacations or on holidays
as the spring is the month of joy falls in September. This is the month when the most of the worlds
population face towards top vacations destinations; this was one of the main reason for the
involvement of a large number of tourists death. The effect was so huge that the tourism industry
was collapsed in America, especially in the state of New York, until the appropriate actions were
taken. This disaster impacted on the economy of America and ceased the whole tourism industry
for a long time. The government and all of the airline operators serving in the United States lost
This is true that the tourism relies on the natural environment and the historical-cultural
heritage as well. There are three diverse aspects of sustainable tourism that are interconnected with
each other namely environmental, socio-cultural, and economic. The term sustainability entails the
property of being able to exist for an indefinite duration. Therefore, sustainable tourism involves
maximisation of benefits for conservation and local communities, and cultural and social impacts
(Kibert, 2016). In addition, it involves management structures that are required to attain it.
Sustainable tourism is not something special, or not even any special form of tourism. Beside this,
it involves all forms of tourism that must be strived towards sustainability. Making tourism more
sustainable is not just about managing and the controlling the negative impacts of the industry. It
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is about benefiting local communities, socially, economically as well as to raise the awareness
The focus of this essay was to ensure the sustainability of tourism and figuring out the
current situation through analysing the three major aspects of sustainability that involves the
environment, socio-cultural, and economic. After going through the above analyses, it can be
concluded that industry of tourism is one of the most vulnerable industries in the world. It would
be great if people can learn from these type of disasters and stay prepared for handling such
necessary to balance the usage and the limitation so that continuous changing, planning, and
monitoring makes sure that tourism is manageable. It demands long-term thinking as well as an
understanding of the change that is mostly cumulative, irreversible, and gradual. However,
environmental, social, and economic aspects of sustainable development must involve the
interest of each stakeholder including local communities, industry & government, visitors, and
indigenous people. Within the tourism industry, environmental protection and economic
development must not be seen as opposing forces, they must be engaged hand in hand as ambitions
that can and must be mutually reinforcing. Furthermore, policies and the actions must focus on
strengthening the benefits and diminish the tourism prices. Government authorities must provide
an environment that helps the private sector as well as motivate them, the tourists, and other
stakeholders to respond towards sustainability concerns. This could be attained with the help of
developing as well as managing, drawing up in concert with others that place sustainability as its
References
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tourism: the case of Thailand. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(1), pp.92-
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Kibert, C. J. (2016). Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley &
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Kollewe, J. (2016). Thomas Cook bookings recovering in aftermath of terror attacks. The
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McMah, L. (2016). Here are three more places you cannot visit in Thailand anymore. The News.
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http://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd/sd
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