MINIPROJECTREPORT 2016 ANTI-PIRACY DEVICE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

One of the major threats faced by the present world is piracy.It is the unauthorized
or prohibited use of audio-visual works covered by copyright law,in a way that violates
one of the copyright owners exclusive rights,such as the right to reproduce the
copyrighted work,or to make derivative works.

This project proposes a system for eliminating video piracy using the most simplest
and cheapest available resources.The system comprises of a means to generate an infrared
pattern and a means to display this infrared pattern.The infrared pattern so generated is of
sufficient strength such that the video cameras with infrared filters cannot prevent the
infrared pattern from interfering with the recording.As the infrared rays are not visible to
the naked eyes.The human viewing the movie is not at all disturbed in any manner on the
other hand the video camera records only blurred or distorted images.Making it unsuitable
for even pirated distributions.

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CHAPTER 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM & EXPLANATION

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power
KINETIC IR VIDEO
supply SCREEN
PROJECTOR PROJECTOR

THRESHOLDER AUTO FOCUS

MIS ITERPRETS

CONTROLLER
RECORDS
UNFOCUSED

Fig 2.1: Block diagram of anti-piracy device

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2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

2.2.1 Power supply

The power supply is an electronic circuit that supplies electric energy to an

electrical load. The input power is generally derived from a 240v AC input. The supply
unit consists of a step-down transformer, full wave rectifier which steps down the input
voltage(15v) and converts AC to DC.

2.2.2 Thresholder&controller

Thresholder and controller controls the intensity of infrared rays emitted by the IR
projector.The emitted IR rays should be of sufficient strength.Such that video cameras
with infrared filters can not prevent the infrared pattern from interfering with the
recording.

2.2.3 Infrared projector

Infrared projector comprises of thresholder and controller.It projects out infrared

rays of required strength to match the criteria.A small panel of infrared LEDs acts as the
source.The intensity of the IR waves generated varies depends on the type of filters used in
cameras.

2.2.4 Video projector

A video projector is an image projector that receives a video signal and projects the
corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system.All video projectors use a
very bright light to project the image,and most modern ones can create any
curves,blurriness,and other inconsistencies through manual setting.It emits visible rays.

2.2.5 Screen

The screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for
displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. The infrared rays emitted by the
IR projector and the visible rays emitted by the video projector strikes the screen.

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2.2.6 Auto focus mis interprets & records unfocused

The infrared waves and the visible rays reaching the screen have different
wavelengths.The cameras aimed at the screen to record the visuals tries to auto focus
them.However because of both the infrared and visible rays present together.The auto
focus fails and mis interprets thereby recording only unfocused images.

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CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1: Circuit diagram of ant-piracy device

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3.2 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT WORKING

The power supply circuit consists of a step down transformer, bridge rectifier.The
input 240V AC supply is fed into the step down transformer,which steps down the input
voltage to 12V AC supply.The output of the transformer is then fed into a bridge wave
rectifier,which converts the AC to DC.

3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM COMPONENTS

The anti-piracy circuit makes use of an adjustable 3 terminal positive voltage

regulator LM350,power LED,a temperature unit,a fan,an IR panel etc.

3.3.1 LM350

The LM350 is an adjustable three-terminal positive voltage regulator capable of

supplying in excess of 3.0A over an output voltage range of 1.2V to 33V.This voltage
regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the
output voltage.Further it employs internal current limiting thermal shutdown and safe area
compensation making it essentially blow-out proof.

3.3.2 Power LED

The function of power LED is very simple.It indicates whether the device is on or
off.That is when the power supply is on the LED glows and when the power supply is off
the LED does not glow.

3.3.3 Temperature unit & Fan

Temperature controlled DC fan circuit can cool the device by operating a DC fan
when the temperature in its vicinity increases above the preset level.Its operation is fully
automatic and turns off when the temperature returns normal.It uses a 12V DC brush less
fan used in computers.The circuit exploits the property of Thermistor to operate the DC
fan.Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) Thermistor decreases its resistance when
temperature increases while positive temperature coefficient increases its resistance when

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the temperature increases.Here a 4.7KNTC is used IC uA 741 is used as a voltage

comparator.To switch on the DC fan.

3.3.4 Infrared panel

The infrared panel consist of a group of LEDs connected together in succession.In

order to generate infrared pattern of sufficient strength such that the video cameras with
infrared filters cannot prevent the infrared pattern from interfering with the
recording.Infrared LEDs of different wavelength are available in the market for this
project we have used 850nm

3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WORKING

An input power supply of 240v/50Hz AC supply is applied,which is fed into a step

down transformer which step downs the input voltage to 15v AC supply.The output of the
transformer is given to a bridge rectifier.Which converts the AC supply into DC
supply.When the switch is on the 12v DC supply is given to a three terminal voltage
regulator LM350.It maintains a 12v constant output voltage.The power LED indicates
whether the device is on or off.If its on the LED glows.The temperature unit detects the
temperature in the circuit generated by the power LED and the resistor.A fan is connected
to expel out this excess heat.Infrared LEDs are connected together in succession they
form a panel.LM350 ensures that the infrared panel receives the constant voltage it needs
for its operation.Such that we get a continuous output without any problems.The Infrared
rays emitted by the IR projector then strikes the screen along with the visible rays from the
video projector.And the person recording the video will get only blurred or distorted
images.

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MINIPROJECTREPORT 2016 ANTI-PIRACY DEVICE

CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE EXPLANATION

4.1POWER SUPPLY UNIT

Fig 4.1: Block diagram of power supply

Fig 4.1.1: Circuit diagram of power supply

The power supply unit consists of a 240/15V step down transformer which steps
down input 230V AC supply to 15V AC supply to drive the entire circuit. Bridge Rectifier
is used to get the necessary voltage. A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge
arrangement to achieve full-wave rectification. This is a widely used configuration, both
with individual diodes wired as shown and with single component bridges where the diode
bridge is wired internally. The circuit is powered by 12V DC input. Power supply is taken
from a 12V adapter.

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4.2 LM350

The output of the bridge rectifier is connected to a three terminal positive voltage
regulator LM350.It is capable of supplying in excess of 3.0A over an input voltage range
of 1.2V to 33V.This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two
external resistors to set the output voltage.Further it employs internal current
limiting,thermal shutdown and safe area compensation,making it essentially blow-out
proof.

The LM350 serves a wide variety of applications including local on card

regulation.This device also makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator,a
programmable output regulator or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment
and output,the LM350 can be used as a precision current regulator.

Fig 4.2: Pin diagram of LM350

4.2.1 PIN DESCRIPTION

PIN 1 - Adjust

PIN 2 - Vout

PIN 3 - Vin

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4.2.2 FEATURES

Guaranteed 3.0 A output current

Output Adjustable between 1.2V and 33V
Load regulation typically 0.1%
Line regulation typically 0.005%
Internal thermal overload protection
Internal short circuit current limiting constant with temperature
Output transistor safe area compensation
Standard 3-lead transistor package
Eliminates stocking many fixed voltages

4.3 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED DC FAN

Fig 4.3: Temperature controlled DC fan

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its vicinity.There are two types of thermistors - NTC and PTC.Negative

temperature coefficient(NTC) thermistor decreases its resistance when the temperature
increases thermistors are bead like resistors available from 100 ohms to 10k or more
values.Here a 4.7k NTC thermistor is used.IC uA 741 is used as a voltage comparator to
switch on the DC fan.Its INV input (pin2) gets an adjustable voltage through VR while its
non - INV(pin 3) input gets voltage through a potential divider comprising R1 and the
thermistor.Thus the voltage at pin 3 depends upon the conductivity of the thermistor.When
the temperature is normal (as set by VR),pin 3 gets higher voltage than pin 2 and makes
the output of the IC high.This high output keeps T1 off since its base is positive.DC fan
remains off in this condition.When the temperature increases above the value set by VR
resistance of the thermister decreases and voltage at pin 3 decreases.As a result output of
IC becomes low to switch on T1.A small brush less DC fan turns on to increase the air
circulation.When the temperature returns normal,fan automatically turns off.Diode
1N4007 is necessary to remove back EMF when T1 turns off.

Fig 4.3.1: PIN DESCRIPTION OF 741 IC

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4.4 IR PANEL

Fig 4.4: IR panel

In the IR panel about 60 infrared LEDs are connected together in succession.As
soon as the supply voltage(12V) reaches the IR panel starts emitting infrared rays .In order
to generate infrared pattern of sufficient strength such that the video cameras with infrared
filters cannot prevent the infrared pattern from interfering with the recording.Infrared
LEDs of different wavelength are available in the market for this project we have used
850nm.

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CHAPTER 5

PCB DESIGNING

5.1 PCB FABRICATION

5.1.1 CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY

Circuit assembly deals with 2 major activities

Etching of the printed Circuit Board

Soldering

The basic principles of both are mentioned in this section

5.1.2 PCB FABRICATION

PCB are used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic

component using conductive pathways, or traces, etched sheets laminated on to a non-
conductive substrate. Alternative names are printed wiring board (PWB), and etched
wiring board. Populating the board with electronic components forms a printed circuit
assembly (PCA), also known as printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).

The vast majority of printed circuit boards are made by adhering a layer of copper
over the entire substrate, sometimes on both sides (creating a blank PCB) then removing
unwanted copper after applying a temporary mask (e.g. by etching), leaving only the
desired copper traces. A few PCB are made by adding traces to the bare substrate (or a
substrate with a very thin layer of copper) usually by a complex process of multiple
electroplating steps.

There are three common subtractive methods (methods that remove copper) used for the
production of printed circuit boards:

1. Silk screen printing uses etch-resistant inks to protect the copper foil. Subsequent
etching removes the unwanted copper. Alternatively, the ink may be conductive,
printed on a blank (non-conductive) board.

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2. Photoengraving uses a photo mask and chemical etching to remove the copper
FOIL from the substrate. The photo mask is usually prepared with a photo plotter
from data produced by a technician using CAM, or computer aided manufacturing
software. Laser printed transparencies are typically employed for photo tools;
however, direct laser imaging techniques are being employed to replace photo
tools for high resolution requirements.
3. PCB milling uses two or three-axis mechanical milling system to mill away the
copper foil from the substrate. A PCB milling machine (referred to as a PCB
prototype) operates in a similar way to a plotter, receiving commands from the
host software that control the position of the milling head in the x, y, and ( if
relevant) z axis. Data to drive the prototype is extracted from files generated in
PCB design software and stored in HPGL or Gerber file format.]

Holes or wires, through a PCB are typically drilled with tiny drill bits made of solid
tungsten carbide. The drilling is performed by automated drilling machines with placement
controlled by a drill tape or drill file. These computer generated files are also called
numerically controlled drill (NCD) files or Excellon files. The drill file describes the
location and size of each drilled holes.

Line art and text may be printed on to the outer surfaces of a PCB by screen printing.
When space permits, the screen print text can indicate component designators, switch
setting requirements, test points, and other feature helpful in assembling, testing and
servicing the circuit board.

Screen print is also known as the silk screen or in one sided PCBs, the red print. Screen
printing has been used to etch our printed circuit board.

5.1.3 RULES FOR DESIGNING A PCB

Below are a number of rules to follow and keep in mind when designing PCBs.

Board size

PCB manufactures have a maximum size board they can handle. Typically this is
also their panel size. Usually, the maximum board size is 13.2 x 11.2. Normal board
spacing for routing (how boards are separated on a panel) is 0.3, plus there is typically a
1.0 to 2.0 border on the board for handling it during processing.

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Board thickness may also be specified. A standard thickness and type of board is
0.062 FR4. Other typical board thicknesses are 0.010,.020,.031 and .092. AP Circuit
has 0.031 FR4 and .092 FR4 (for a slight surcharge) and .020 on special orders, in
addition to the standard .062 FR4

Trace Width and Spacing

The chemical and photographic processes used to produce a PCB put

requirements on the minimum width of trace and minimum spacing between traces. If a
trace is made smaller than this minimum width there is some chance it will open (no
connection) when manufactured. If two traces are closer together than the minimum
spacing there x/y rules, where x is the minimum trace width and y is the minimum trace
spacing. For example, 8/10 rules would indicate 8mil minimum trace width and 10mil
minimum trace spacing. These rules (especially spacing) apply to any metal on the PCB,
include pad to track spacing and line widths for strings on the PCB.

Typical modern rules are 8/8 rules. The board must be soldered and trace
within 8mils (8/8 rules) of a paid is easier to short than one with greater spacing when
hand soldered. For hand soldering 10/10 rules are much easier to solder.

Hole Sizes

When choosing a hole size remember that the plate-through will cause the hole
to effectively more narrow. The plate-thickness varies from 0.001 to 0.003. AP Circuits
plate-through thickness is approximately .015 (meaning finished hole diameter is 3mils
smaller).

Drill Number Hole Size Finished Hole Size

70 .028 .025
65 .035 .032
58 .042 .039
55 .052 .049
53 .0595 .056
44 .086 .083
1/8 .125 .122
24 .152 .149

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Table 5.1 Standard Drill Size

CHAPTER 6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

6.1 ADVANTAGES

Protects the rights of originality.

Reduces the loss for the movie industry.

Maintains the quality of the movie throughout.

Cheap and affordable compared to other anti-piracy devices.

6.2 DISADVANTAGES

The device has to be 'ON' at all times to prevent illegal recording.

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CHAPTER 7

APPLICATIONS

Can be set up in theaters to prevent illegal movie recording.

Important informations can be prevented from being leaked using this device.

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CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION

The existing system and methods to stop piracy are very much outdated.As the
technology is advancing rapidly it is more convenient to switch over to a simple and
effective method of stopping piracy.This projects aims to provide a solution to this
problem.The key component is infrared generation.The generated infrared wave will not
effect the audience in any manner on the other hand stops illegal recording.It is surely an
effective method as the circuit is simple and easy to use as well as it is less costly.

The circuit can also be developed using microwaves which would yield better
results at slightly high cost.The current disadvantage of keeping the projector ON
throughout while playing the entire movie can be minimized by adding a camera detection
circuit to this device.This project is very much useful in the film industry.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. UNITED STATES PATENT, US 6,559,883 B1, MAY 6,2003
Articles published by
2. The Hindu- Youth comes out by an anti piracy device, May 16,2015.
3. The Deccan Chronicle- A new light to film industry, June 24,2014.
4. http://www.instructables.com/id/how to make a small DIY LED projector

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