Governing equations

Conservation equations

The continuity equation for the phase q can be defined as:

m pq m qp Sq
n

qq qq v
t p 1

pq is introduces mass interaction between the p phase and the q phase
where vq is the velocity of the phase q and m
qp defines the mass transfer from the phase q to the other phase p and these mechanism can be specified separately.
, m
A separate user defined function was used to predict mass interaction between the phases. This function was hooked
and compiled with numerical modeling code.

The momentum balance for the phase q yields:

R

n
qq vq . qq vq vq qp . qq g pq m
pqv pq m
qpvqp Fq Flift, q Fvm, q Fvm, q FTD FW
t p 1

where q is the qth phase stress strain tensor and is defined as :

2
q q q vq vqT q q q .v q I
3

where q and q are the shear stress and bulk velocity of the phase q, Fq is an external body force, Flift, q is the lift

force, Fvm , q is the virtual mass force, Fvm , q is the virtual mass force and Fvm , q is the virtual mass force. R pq is an

interaction force between phases, v pq is the inter-phase velocity, and p is the pressure of all the phases.

m pq m +
n

qq qq v
t p 1

L1 L1 0
t x