Industrial Equipments

Ash Handling In Steam Power Plant

By :

Teguh Maulana Hardi 1210912042

Syaderly Isroq 1210912048

Lecturer: Dr. Eng Syamsul Huda

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY

PADANG

2016
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

A steam/thermal power station uses heat energy generated from burning coal to
produce electrical energy. This type of power station is widely used around the world.

This power station uses the Rankine cycle. This is the cycle of the steam produced
in the boiler, then taken to the Steam turbine (prime mover). From the turbine the
steam is cooled back to water in the Condenser, the resulting water is fed back into
the boiler to repeat the cycle.

Because of the abundance of fuel (coal), this kind of power station can be used to
produce large amounts of electrical energy. In most countries these power stations are
used as base load power stations. This is because steam power stations are slow to
start and can not be used to cater for peak loads that generally occur for a short
duration.

These power stations (together with nuclear power stations) are kept running very
close to full efficiency for 24 hours a day (unless they are being maintained). They
have typical life of 30 to 40 years (although most governments have reduced this
number to 35 years).

Coal combustion residuals, commonly known as coal ash, are created when coal is
burned by power plants to produce electricity.

1.2 Problem Formulation

We do this report to know everything we need to know as students about Ash

Handling in Steam Power Plant
1.3 Research Aims

To know the definition, function, and working condition of Ash Handling in

Steam Power Plant.

1.4 Outcomes

Students understand about Ash Handling and hopefully it is useful for them after
graduating their studies.

1.5 Limitations

1. Topics chosen are only handling equipment.

2. Things described in the projects are only main things which are related to the
topics.
 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition

Ash Handling is the auxiliary equipment of a coal-fired power plant to

accommodate the ashes after burning results are then delivered to the place of final
disposal (Ash Valley).

Figure 1. Steam Power Plant

The main function of a Ash Handling is to control and manage all of the residual
coal/ash in steam power plant. On Ash Handling System of ashes were divided into
two: Fly Ash (dry ash) and Bottom Ash (wet ash).
Ash Handling has a tool that serves as a catcher ash, namely Electrostatic
Precipitator (EP). Coal is channeled into the combustor will produce exhaust gas
containing ash particles. Before being discharged into the atmosphere, flue gas
containing ash particles will pass through a room in which there are plates that can
capture ash particles. The plate is electrified (DC). Abu catches EP channeled through
the Transporter / Pump and Conveyor Belt to final disposal (Ash Valley) or
accommodated inside the container (Silo) to be used / sold.
 Moreover, Ash Handling Plant also has equipment that serves as a container and
distributor of ash derived from the combustion chamber (furnace) is SSC (room ash
container located at the bottom of the combustion chamber). Coal (powder) that is fed
into the combustion chamber partially unburned and ash that are not exploited by ID
Fan will fall and placed in the bottom of the combustion chamber (Bottom Ash)
flowed into the SSC. SSC filled with water coming from the discharge CWP (sea
water) are first processed into Service Water, to keep the water level and temperature,
it is necessary to continuously circulated and supplied. SDCC / SSC equipped with
pumps to circulate water that serves the seal.

2.2 Part of Ash Handling in Steam Power Plant

a. Fly Ash System

Figure 2. Fly Ash System

- Electrostatic Precipitator
Electrostatic Precipitator is functioning equipment captures ash
residue that is in the exhaust gas to be discharged into the atmosphere
through the stack, so that the exhaust gas to be discharged does not
contain ash particles that can pollute the environment. The working
principle of Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) are particles - particles of ash
from the boiler / combustion chamber (furnace) which has not been
charged, will be given the charge - (negative) by the electrode and then
the theory will be captured by the magnet Electric Collecting Plate.
Discharge electrode (wire) / emiting with DC current is applied as a
negative pole and the collecting electrode plate as a positive pole. In the
fishing area which consists of collecting plate and the discharge electrode
(wire) will be raised a large enough electric field. It also will cause the
molecules - molecules of air is accelerated movement so that its electrons
collide resulting in spite of its orbit and become free electrons. When the
voltage generated the greater it will create a corona and free electrons are
formed more and more.

Figure 3. Electrostatic Precipitator

Fly ash passing through the corona field will collide with the ions and
free electrons, so that the ash particles are not charged will be charged.
Due to the influence of the electric field the particles move towards the
collecting plate. The ash particles will fall down because of gravity. The
ashes were still attached to the collecting plates and discharge electrodes
will be cleaned by rapping system. Abu on Collecting Plate and
Discharge will fall to Hopper after rapping process. Rapping mechanism
works in a certain time interval periodically. Ash that has collected must
 be channeled so as not to cause problems in the internal electrostatic
precipitator ash catcher using the Pump.
- Pump
Transporter / Pump function as transfer ash catches EP (Electrostatic
Precipitator), from EP Hopper Bin Transfer to the next on the move again
to a larger container (Silo) .Prinsip Pump is working to accommodate and
channel / move the ash derived from EP Hopper Shiloh, Pump tubes
filled with ashes from EP Hopper, after a full tube level on the charging
condition.
- Silo
Silo Fly Ash in the process again using the Mixer Conveyor /
Hidromix Conditioning, with Hidromix this Conditioning, Fly Ash spray
using service water so Fly Ash gets wet and fall into Belt Conveyor (BC
2,3,4) and then accommodated in Ash Valley. There was also the Fly Ash
were directly transferred to use Dry Capsule Truck Unloader (DU). If the
Belt Conveyor damaged then that is out of the Ash Wet Mixer Conveyor
can be directly accommodated dump truck and then transferred to Ash
Valley.

Figure 4. Silo
b. Bottom Ash System

Figure 5. Bottom Ash System

- SSC ( Submerged Scrapper Conveyor )

A sump ash from coal combustion that is located at the bottom of the
combustion chamber / furnace also serves as a seal (seal trough) of the
combustion chamber, so that the combustion chamber is not pressurized
positive, ash collected will be disposed to final disposal through
Conveyor previously filtered and smoothed by Vibrating Screen and
Crusher. If the conveyor is damaged then the ashes were sent to the valley
to use ash dump truck.

Figure 6. SSC (Submerged Scrapper Conveyor)

- Ash Containing Water Treatment System
Ash Containing Water Treatment is the equipment / system for
circulating water in the tub to keep the temperature SSC and kualistas
water remains good and seal the combustion chamber / Furnace in
Transition Chute. Water that has been mixed with ashes on the vessel
over flow SSC will be automatically entered into a settling tank and
circulated toward the collecting pond water. In order not to precipitate the
ash on collecting water aerated by 2 Roots Blower. Then on the
Collecting Water Purifier circulated again to use 2 Lift Pump. Before
heading Purifier of water mixed with ashes on the injection of chemicals
in advance by Coogulant Set, after the injected chemicals go into Purifier.

Figure 7. Ash Containing Water Treatment System

At the Purifier precipitation occurs where the position is under the

ashes and clean water is above. Clean water is circulated to the Clear
Water while the ash settles towards Sludge Water circulated. Clean water
at Clear Water is circulated in a closed system towards Seal Trough using
two booster pump to the Transition Chute as seals which previously
passed the Heat Exchanger to be temperaturenya remain low. Then the
 ash is in Sludge water is circulated back into the tub using 2 Sludge Pump
SSC which will be crushed by the crusher and accommodated in Ash
Valley.
- Slag Bin
Slag processing Bottom Bin is where Ash. Bottom Ash from the SSC
was taken by Fligh Bar then smoothed by Crusher and accommodated in
Slag Bin. In Bin Slag is complemented by three Vibrator in order to
prevent solidification of ash or ngeblok. Once it is transferred to the Belt
Conveyor 1 (BC1), which will be brought to the shelter late (Ash Valley)
or directly to the Dump Truck.
c. Ash Valley
Ash Valley is the last shelter of ash that has been processed in the system of
Fly Ash and Bottom Ash System. Ash Valley is used when the level of Silo
and Bin Slag was too high and no truck-truck that will hold the ashes, the
ashes are accommodated in Ash Valley which will then be processed by
Loader, Exavator and dump truck.

Figure 8. Ash Valley

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Flow Chart

This project consists of studying literature, doing report, making presentation,

conclusion.

Start

Literature
Study

Doing report

Conclusion

End

Figure 7. Flowchart
 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

4.1 Conclusion

The conclusion of this topic is :

1. The main function of a Ash Handling is to control and manage all of the
residual coal/ash in steam power plant.
2. There are 2 kind of ash : Fly Ash (dry ash) and Bottom Ash (wet ash).
3. There are 3 main system in ash handling : fly ash system, wet ash system and
ash valley.