Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
In the following exercises, you learn how to create models using both abstract shapes and
real-life components, such as walls.
You also view the models you create in various representations, export images from the
models, and set up to print pages.
Standards
Autodesk Design Academy meets content standards for Science, Engineering, Math (STEM),
and Language Arts. To review the list of standards for each lesson, see the National
Academic Standards Cross References document in the Printable Lessons folder.
Key Terms
Exercises
• Design with Building Forms
Massing
Masses are abstract representations of basic building shapes. Zoning compliance study is a
common use for representing mass. Building footprint, volume, and shape can all fall under
the rule of building codes or urban authorizing bodies. Once a building's shape is
determined, building elements can be associated automatically.
Imagine that you are an architect. You have been commissioned by the owner of a long,
narrow downtown property to sketch a design for a two story office/retail complex.
You will create a complex mass shape and convert faces of this shape to building
components: walls, floors and a roof.
Revit Architecture masses can be created in place by sketching profiles and defining size
properties, or by loading predefined shapes from a library.
1. Start Revit. It opens to a preliminary state named Recent Files. Click the New file icon in
the upper left corner to open an empty project using the default template.
The project file opens to a plan view in an empty file. Four elevation markers appear in the
view window.
2. Right-click the Design Bar to bring up the list of available tabs. Select Massing if it does
not have a check.
4. Revit displays a notification that the Show Mass view mode (off by default) is now
activated. Click OK.
5. For Name, enter Atrium. Click OK. The Design Bar changes to Sketch mode.
An extrusion is a closed sketch profile that is given thickness horizontally (depth) or vertically
(height). Since you are in a plan view, this extrusion will be vertical.
2. The Design Bar changes to Sketch mode, with the Lines tool preselected. On the Options
bar, click Rectangle.
3. Select two points to create a rectangle sketch 50' wide by 100', approximately as shown.
4. You now alter the left and right sides of the sketch.
On the Options bar, click the arrow at the right of the Line options and select Arc Passing
Through Three Points.
5. Select the lower left and upper left corners of the rectangle sketch.
6. Pull the cursor to the left, and enter 100 at the keyboard.
Place splits in the right side sketch line at 10' from the top and bottom lines, as shown.
9. Select the left vertical sketch line. Hold down the CTRL key and select the middle
segment of the right side. The segments highlight.
On the toolbar, click Delete to erase the lines (you can also select the DELETE key on the
keyboard).
10. On the Sketch bar, click Lines. On the Options bar, click Arc Passing Through Three
Points.
11. Select the endpoints of the two short vertical line segments to start the arc. Pull the
cursor to the left, as before, and enter 80 as the radius value.
The sketch lines change to black. You have created a 3D shape. In this view you do not see
its depth.
2. On the Design Bar, click Blend Properties. By default, the void height is set to 20'. You
shorten it to 10'.
3. In the Element Properties dialog box, in the Second End field, enter 10. Click OK. Revit
changes the value to 10' - 0".
4. On the Sketch bar, click Lines. Select the line and chain icons from the Options bar.
Start a line at the top of the arc on the right side, as shown below. Pull the cursor 15' to the
left and click.
Pull the cursor straight down until the dimension value reads 80'-0" at a point even with
the lower end of the arc, as shown.
5. Draw two more lines to the right and up vertically to finish the rectangle as shown.
8. Click the arc at the right side of the plan to place a sketch line on it.
9. On the Options bar, click Draw. Select the line option mode. Draw a line between the
endpoints of the arc.
10. On the Sketch bar, click Finish Sketch. The mass outline changes.
12. On the View Control bar at the bottom of the screen, click the Model Graphics control
icon.
13. Select Shading With Edges from the options that appear.
1. Select the mass. The Options bar changes appearance. Select Mass Floors.
2. In the dialog box that appears, select Level 1 and Level 2. Click OK. These two levels
exist by default in a new file.
On the Options Bar, change the Offset value to 1' 0". This locates the edges of the new
floors inside the walls to avoid interferences.
4. On the Options Bar, make sure that Select Multiple is selected. Select the two floor faces
you created in the previous step.
6. On the Massing tab of the Design Bar, click Roof by Face. Select the top face of the mass.
7. On the Massing tab of the Design Bar, click Wall by Face. Select the near side of the
mass. Revit creates a generic wall.
8. In the Type Selector drop-down list, select Curtain Wall: Exterior Glazing.
Revit creates a glass wall. From this viewing angle, you do not see a change. You will
examine that side of the building soon.
10. Select the vertical faces on the right side of the mass to create walls. Be sure to select
the small faces under the overhang as shown.
Tip: If you have difficulty selecting a face, use the TAB key to cycle possible picks under
your cursor.
11. If you try to select the long face of the overhang, which is not vertical, Revit does not
directly recognize it as a possible wall and displays an error message.
The display changes slightly. Revit now no longer shows masses in any view. The visible
elements are editable building components.
14. Press the scroll wheel of your mouse. Hold down the SHIFT key at the same time. The
cursor changes to a 3D Orbit symbol, and you can roll the point of view all around the
model.
15.
• Created solid and void mass elements using Extrude and Blend, and combined them
into a complex mass.
• Viewed the results in a 3D view.
• Applied shading to the display.
• Generated floors, a roof, walls, and curtain systems from the mass element.
Designs for buildings, such as single-family residences, are often started by sketching walls
rather than defining the three-dimensional shape of a building and then translating parts of
that shape into building elements.
All building designs aim to fulfill some combination of (possibly conflicting) requirements
that need to be balanced by the designer. In the case of a family dwelling, for instance,
locating bedrooms up a flight of stairs may make them quieter but cause accessibility
problems for very old or very young residents.
Characteristics of the building site are also of paramount importance in good building
design. For example, a sprawling one-story plan could be inappropriate on a steeply sloped
lot.
Units 4 through 7 cover in detail how to create walls, doors, windows, stairs, and roofs. In
this exercise, you sketch the exterior walls of a single-story residential building on a flat
site; add interior walls to define rooms; and then add windows, doors, and a roof.
Sketch Walls
1. To start a new project, click New Project, or File > New > Project on the menu bar. If you
select the menu bar option, click OK.
2. On the Design Bar, Basics tab, click the Wall tool to begin laying walls. A Generic wall
type will appear in the Type Selector.
4. Sketch a rectangle 60' x 28' from upper right to lower left, as shown below. Exact
dimensions in this exercise are not critical.
6. Draw a wall 6' long at an angle of 120º to the lower left, and then a wall 6' horizontally to
the left.
Select a point to the lower left, and then to the upper right of the new walls to create an
enclosing selection window. The walls highlight.
Click anywhere to establish a copy start point, then pull the cursor to the left. Revit displays
a distance dimension. Copy the three walls 36' to the left. The exact distance is not critical.
10. On the toolbar, click Split. Place a split in the lower horizontal wall, between the two
angled walls as shown. The point of the split is not important, as long as it is between the
other two walls.
Place another split between the two angled walls on the right side.
11. On the toolbar, click Trim. Make sure Trim to Corner is selected.
12. Select the lower left horizontal wall segment to the left of the angled wall, and then the
leftmost angled wall.
The walls trim to a corner. Where you select a wall determines how it trims.
Add a Roof
1. In the Project Browser, select the name of Floor Plan view Level 2. Right-click and click
Open.
From the Basics tab of the Design Bar, click Roof > Roof by Footprint.
2. The Design Bar changes to Sketch mode. Pick Walls is selected. Set the Overhang value
to 4' 0".
3. Select the left hand vertical wall on its outside face. Be careful where you place the
cursor, as that determines the location of the sketch line.
6. From the Design Bar, click Roof Properties. In the Dimensions subsection, set the value
for Slope" to 4"/12". Be sure to enter "; the default Imperial unit for Revit is the foot.
On the Basics tab of the Design Bar, click Wall. Select Basic Wall: Interior: 5" Partition in
the Type Selector list.
Add Doors
1. On the Basics tab, click Door. On the Options bar, clear Tag on Placement.
Door swing and hinge are determined by cursor placement. Control arrows appear once a
door is placed, so you can flip the door if necessary without interrupting the Door tool.
Add Windows
1. On the Basics tab, click Window. Clear Tag on Placement. In the Type Selector, select
Fixed: 36" x 48".
2. Place twenty-two windows as shown below. Exact locations are not important.
Place the windows with the cursor on the exterior side of the wall, so that the windows are
set within the correct inside/outside orientation.
2. Use the Model Graphics Style control on the View Control bar at the bottom of the screen
to set the display to Shading With Edges.
Construction Documents
Completed building designs are considered legal documents, since they govern extremely
complicated contractual arrangements and concern the health and safety of those who
construct and inhabit buildings. Construction documents contain explicit instructions from a
variety of sources, so designers are careful not only to ensure that their instructions are
correct, but also that the company that specifies a set of instructions is identified. Each firm
that issues construction document pages uses its own title block, or page border, that
contains information about the company and the views on the page.
Presentation Drawings
Views of building design models are often useful before elaborate documentation is added. A
presentation view of a proposed building that is shown to the client or a review board early
in the design process can save time and effort, or even be crucial to the success of a
project.
Exporting Images
In this exercise, you create two different types of electronic output files suitable for printing
from Revit models.
Revit Architecture views or sheets can be printed using any standard printer or plotter
peripheral. Revit can export any view or sheet as a standard raster image file, which can be
viewed and printed in many different viewers, including the one that comes with Windows.
Raster images can be attached to emails or placed on web pages.
Revit also exports DWF documents. DWF files can be 2D or 3D. DWF files can be viewed and
printed from Autodesk Design Review. Autodesk Design Review is included as part of the
Revit Architecture 2009 installation.
Create a JPG
2. The file opens to the southeast isometric view in Shaded display mode.
3.Hold down the mouse scroll wheel and SHIFT key together and the cursor will change
appearance. If you move the mouse now, it functions as a view orbit control.
You can zoom in and out by spinning the scroll wheel; if you hold down the scroll wheel and
move the mouse you can pan back and forth, or up and down, without changing the zoom
4. Adjust the view until you can see the front door and the house fills the screen, as shown
below.
5. From the menu bar, click File > Export > Image.
7. In the Output area, click Change. For File Name, enter QS_building_elements. Navigate to a
folder as directed by your instructor and select Save to exit the Specify a File dialog box.
8. In the Export Image dialog box, click OK to create the JPG image file.
9. Use Windows Explorer to navigate to the folder where you saved the JPG file and double-
click on the file name.
The file opens in the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer. You can print from the Viewer.
Export a 3D DWF
1. On the menu bar, click File > Publish DWF > 3D DWF.
2. There are no settings for this export. In the Export dialog box, enter the name
QS_building_elements. Click Save to create the DWF file.
3. Navigate to the folder where you saved the DWF file and double-click on the file name.
If you have Autodesk Design Review installed on your system, the file will open in the DWF
Viewer. You can print from the Viewer.
The DWF you have created is a 3D file. The DWF Viewer has many controls for viewing the
model from different angles, and for highlighting or hiding model components. A complete
examination of the DWF viewer is beyond the scope of this exercise.