CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Smoking among youth has been found to be a growing problem in many developing

countries. Traditionally, smoking control has focused on educating smokers or would be

smokers on the dangers of smoking. A health warning on cigarette packs are mainly

utilized to educate smokers and are a useful and inexpensive way to reach smokers. To be

effective, health warnings should be able to motivate smokers to quit. It is usually assumed

that, because health warnings are so important, smokers will find this information so

interesting and convincing, that, after reading it, they will quit smoking. This does not

happen generally and their efficacy is limited. There is a need to actively market these

messages on cigarette packs to help diminish the impact of cigarette advertising.

Young Filipino students nowadays die early due to smoking-related diseases. On a

daily basis, 240 Filipinos die because of these diseases such as heart failure, stroke, chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease and many cancers. This accounts

for 87,600 deaths due to smoking-related diseases in the country every year (WHO, 2009).

In connection with these dangers of smoking, there are increasing numbers of

Filipino smokers and an alarming number of youth smokers. Republic Act of 9211(as cited
in Department of Education [DepEd],2011), or the Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003,

specifies the smoking prohibition in public places:

This study is an attempt to assess the smoking hobbies of the Criminology students

on the effectiveness of the current mandatory health warning message on cigarette packs.

The perception of these adolescents to the effectiveness of alternative health warning

messages and the most effective place for the message on the cigarette pack was also done.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study generally aims to determine the smoking habits of criminology students

school year 2017-2018. It specifically aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents when grouped by;

1.1 Gender;

1.2 Age;

1.3 Year Level

1.4 Who is most likely to become addicted? Is there is a safe way to smoke?

2. What are the smoking habits of the students when analyzed in terms of the profile

variables?

3. Is there a difference in the smoking habits of criminology students when analyzed

according to profile variables?

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

In order to describe the level of exposure and recall of the smoking habits of the

criminology students to anti-smoking advertisements as well as to explain the effects of

their exposure to these advertisements to their smoking behavior, matrix health structure

was used.

A. Theoretical Framework

The Matrix health Structure is one of the most widely used model in health behavior has

been said to be good predictors for smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers smoking

behavior. Matrix organization can provide health care organization managers enhanced

information processing, faster response times, and more flexibility to cope with greater

organization complexity and rapidly changing operating environments and health focuses on

the individuals beliefs and attitudes in order to explain and predict their health behaviors.

The core assumptions of Matrix health structure are that an individual will take a

health-related action if he/she expects that negative health conditions will be avoided by

taking the recommended health action; feels that a negative health condition can be avoided;

believes that he/she can successfully take a health recommended action.

GENDER AGE OCCUPATION DEGREE OF

SMOKERS/CONSU

MPTION

1. MALE

1st year 16-25 Students Excessive

2nd year 16-25 Students Excessive

3rd year 16-25 Students Excessive

4th year 16-25 Students Excessive

2. FEMALE

1st year 16-25 Students Least Excessive

2nd year 16-25 Students Least Excessive

3rd year 16-25 Students Least Excessive

4th year 16-25 Students Least Excessive

Profile based catery of smokers

 B. Conceptual Framework

The study focuses on Anti-Smoking advertisements and how exposure and recall of

these advertisements affect the criminology students perceptions, and attitudes toward

smoking. Exposure and recall of anti-smoking advertisements are the main entities that this

study will concentrate on. Matrix health structure focuses on the ease of recall of student to

anti-smoking messages and their sources and dwells into the students exposure to anti-

smoking messages.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Out of 189 all year level of Criminology students, 100 students were used as a

sample in conducting the survey. This study limits its coverage on the criminology students

only. Its main purpose is to identify the common problems that they encounter and to

propose possible solutions regarding these problems. This study considers every aspect of

students personal information that has an impact on their smoking habits. Each of the

respondents are given same questionnaires to answer. And this study focuses on all year

level of criminology students of the present school year, 2017-2018.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The main rationale of this study is to contribute and attempt to assess the

attitude of the smoking habits of the criminology students on the effectiveness of the

current mandatory health warning message on cigarette packs providing data on the

extent of exposure to anti-smoking advertisements and recall of the students.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Smoking habit- .. When people who have smoked for a long time stop, they

find it strange to have nothing in their hands or mouths. They have become so

accustomed to handling cigarettes that their hands seek cigarettes from habit,

even when they aren't strongly craving them.

2. First-hand smoke-smoke inhaled by the smoker.

3. Second-hand smoke-smoke inhaled by the person near a smoker.

4. Third-hand smoke-smoke chemicals that remained after a cigarette/tobacco is

extinguished.

5. Smoking ads and promotions-any strategies or activities made/sponsored by the tobacco

companies in order to sell/promote smoking

6. Smoking history-a persons life that relates to smoking like age he started smoking

or havent smoke at all, times he tries quitting, etc..