KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE 641 021

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
I MSc PHYSICS (15PHP103)
THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS
UNIT-I
Questions opt1 opt2 opt3
Heat powe Heat tran Heat ener
The term thermodynamics was first used in 1849 in the publication of a Rudolph CWilliam Lord Kelv
The macroscopic approach to the study of thermodynamics does not require Dynamic Static th Statistica
What law asserts that energy is a thermodynamic property? First law Second la Third law
What law asserts that energy has quality as well as quantity? First law Second la Third law
The first law of thermodynamics is based on which of the following princimass of e Conservation of ene
Thermodynamics is applicable to microscop macroscophomogeneo
Which is not true about thermodynamics ? it ignores it involve it is conce
A system that can transfer neither matter nor energy to and from its surrou closed sy an isolate an open s
Which of the following is incorrect, for an ideal gas ? PV= nRTV= nRT/PP=nRT/V
The heat capacity at constant pressure is related to heat capacity at consta Cp-R =CvCv-R =CpCp-Cv =R
A system is in ______ equilibrium if the temperature is the same throughouStatic Thermal Mechanica
A system is in ______ equilibrium if there is no change in pressure at any Pressure Thermal Mechanic
If a system involves two phases, it is in ______ equilibrium when the massChemical Thermal Mechanic
A system is in ______ equilibrium of its chemical composition does not cha Chemical Thermal Mechanica
A system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium if it maintains _____MechanicaThermal aThermal,
What is a process with identical end states called? Cycle Path Phase
What is a process during which the temperature remains constant? Isobaric p IsothermaIsochoric
What is a process during which the pressure remains constant? Isobaric p IsothermalIsochoric
What is a process during which the specific volume remains constant? Isobaric IsothermalIsochoric
What states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body Zeroth la First law )Second l
What is the study of energy and its transformations? ThermostaThermophThermoche
What is considered as the heat content of a system? Enthalpy Entropy Internal h
What refers to the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an o Heat capacSpecific h Latent hea
What is the heat capacity of one mole of substance? MolecularSpecific h Latent hea
What refers to the measure of the disorder present in a given substance or Enthalpy Entropy Heat capac
Entropy is measured in ______. Joule/KelJoule-MetMeter/Kel
What is the energy absorbed during chemical reaction under constant vol Entropy Ion excha Enthalpy
Which of the following equation is used to calculate the heats of reactio Gibbs HelClapeyronKirchoffs
____________ is applicable to macroscopic systems only. thermochethermokinethermodyn
E =q-w for an isochoric process first law second la zeroths l
Who proposed the Carnot cycle? Sammy C Sonny CaSadi Carn
Entropy is transferred by ______. Work Heat Energy
Gibbs function is expressed as, G = H + TG = H / T G=H-TS
Average kinetic energy of molecules is Directly p Directly p Independen
The specific heat of a gas in isothermal process is Zero Negative Remains
Latent heat of ice is Less than Equal to eMore then
The difference between the principal specific heats of nitrogen is 300 J/kg 1050 J/kg 650 J/kg 750 J/kg
The mean kinetic energy of one gram-mole of a perfect gas at absolute tem1/2 KT 1/2 RT 3/2 KT
Is zero Is infinity Is negativ
Which of the following variables controls the physical properties of a perf Pressure Temperat Volume
A system in which state variables have constant values throughout the systeequilibriu non- equilisothermal
In an adiabatic process ______ can flow in to or out of the system. no heat heat matter
The mathematical relation for the first law of thermodynamics is E =q+w E = 0 fo E =-q fo
For an adiabatic process according to first law of thermodynamics, E = -w E = w E =q-w
The enthalpy change, H of a process is given by the relation H =E H =E H =E
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of the suheat capacmolar heatmolar heat
Which of the following is not correct ? H=E+PV H-E=PV H-E-PV=
The enthalpy of a system is defined by the relation H=E+PV H=E-Pv E=H+PV
Which of the following law is applicable for the behavior of a perfect gas Boyles l Charles l Gay-lussa
An ideal gas as compared to a real gas at very high pressure occupies More vol Less volu Same vol
The unit of pressure in SI unit is Kg/cm2 Mm of watPascal
Temperature of a gas is produced due to Its heatin Kinetic en Repulsion
According to kinetic theory of gases, the absolute zero temperature is att Volume ofPressure oKinetic en
Kinetic theory of gases assumes that the collisions between the molecules Perfectly Perfectly iPartly elas
The behavior of gases can be fully determined by 1 law 2 law 3 law
Boyles law ie, PV = constant is applicable to gases under All rangesOnly smallSteady cha
The same volume of all gases would represent their Densities Specific wMolecular
Gases have Only one vTwo valueThree valu
Which of the following quantities is not the property of the system Pressure temperatu heat
Solid and liquids have Only one vTwo valueThree valu
The term N.T.P stands for Nominal t Natural te Normal te
UNIT - II
Questions opt1 opt2 opt3
Which of the following statements is TRUE for an ideal gas, but not for a PV = nRT An increasThe total
The molecules of a gas moving through space with some velocity possesses Translatio Spinofener
what kind Rotational
energy?
Molar specific heat at constant volume is Cv for a monoatomic gas is. 3/2 R 5/2 R 3R
If the pressure in a closed vessel is reduced by drawing out some gas, the Is decreas Remains uIs increas
Cooking gas containers are kept in a lorry moving with uniform speed. The temperature
Increase of the
Remain gas molecules inside w
s Decrease
Volume of gas become four times if. TemperaturTemperaturTemperatur
Molecules of a gas behave like. Inelastic r Perfectly ePerfectly
At absolute zero temperature, pressure of a gas will be Zero Po * 273 One atmos
Boyle's law holds for an ideal gas during Isobaric c Isochoric Isotherma
Kinetic theory of gases provide a base for Charles l Charles l Boyles l
In Boyle's law what remains constant. PV TV V/T
S.I. unit of universal gas constant is cal/C J/molK J/mol
At constant volume, temperature is increased. Then. Collision Collisions Number of
The specific heat of a gas Has only twoCanvalues Cp and
have Has Cv
a uniq
For Boyle's law to hold the gas should be. Perfect an Perfect an Real and o
Every gas (real gas) behaves as an ideal gas. At high te At normal At low tem
According to kinetic theory of gasses at absolute zero temperature Water freeLiquid helMolecules
For an ideal gas Cp and Cv is grater tha less than equal to o
An ideal gas is that which can Be solidif Liquefied Not be liq
Average kinetic energy of molecules is Directly p Directly p Independen
Latent heat of ice is Less than Equal to eMore then
The specific heat of a substance at its boiling point or melting point Is zero Is infinity Is negativ
Which of the following properties of gas molecule the one that is same for Mass
all ideal gases
velocity
at a particular
momentutemperature i
Mean kinetic energy of perfect gas is proposionainverse proposional to T2
The motion of fluids and the forces acting on solid bodies immersed in fluidynamics hydrodynastatitics
Temperature of a gas can be related to the .motion of the moleexternal boundary internal
Boltzmann's constant is 1.38 x 10-1.38 x 10-1.38 x 10-
locom
The word kinetic refers to otion vibration motion
not regular
closely free to ly
In gases the particles are packed move packed
Gases have low densi high densihigh densi
what does the Kinetic theory of gases describe? small no olarge no o large no o
which experiment shows how kinetic theory works? g by freefabrownian pin hole
what forces are assumed to exist between particles in a gas attractive repulsive both
Kinetic is a / an latin wordroman wo greek wor
Which one of the following have the highest volume? solid Liquid helgas
Gases are very compvery littl incompres
The three states of matter depend on Temperaturforce potential
The term fluids is used for liquid onl gases onlyliquid and
Why are liquids and gases termed as fluids? Because they can f they have they have
The Brownian Motion was discovered by the scientist albert bro John browrobert br
If the car tires are hot, the pressure of gas molecules in them would be high low same as be
Gas can exert pressure oforce on t pressure i
The random motion of smoke or gas particles in the air is termed as brueian m brownian radom mot
All of the following are basic assumptions of the kinetic theory except: matter is when indivthe total
For a gas, which pair of variables are inversely proportional to each other P,T P,V V,T
The behavior of gases can be fully determined by 1 law 2 law 3 law
Boyles law ie, PV = constant is applicable to gases under All rangesOnly smallSteady cha
The term N.T.P stands for Nominal t Natural te Normal te
M.B. distribution can be applicable to _________ identical indistingu gas

UNIT - III
Questions opt1 opt2 opt3
Which is called as degeneracy parameter? e
e
ce-
Partition function is denoted by the symbol____ Z A M
Mean distance d between the particles is _____ (N/V) 1/3
(V/N) 1/3
(N/V)3
If A<<1, the system is _________ non- dege degenerat strongly d
If A>1, the system is _________ non- dege degenerat strongly d
If A>>1, the system is _______ non- dege degenerat strongly d
The number of quantum states is represented by _____ nr gr Er
The degeneracy parameter A = _________ Z e e-
In M.B. distribution, the unit of n(v) is ______ m/ sec mol/sec mol/m/sec
vp = ___ (2kT/m)1.414 kT1.732(kT
Average speed is represented by ___ vp v Av
Which of the following is correct for a perfect gas? v<vp<vrms vp<v <vrms v <vrms < v
Root mean square = ________ (2kT/m)1.414 kT1.732(kT
Average speed = _________ 1.596(kT1.414 kT1.732(kT
The equation for total internal energy of one mole of an ideal gas is ____ U/N = 3/2U/N = 3/2U/N = kT
The value of = ______ kT k T
At absolute zero temperature the entropy may become __________ Infinity positive Zero
The value of entropy becomes zero in perfectly _______ liquid crystallinegas
M.B. law cannot be applicable to ______ particles. distinguis Indistinguisolated
In dilute gas, the number of molecules per unit volume is _____ large very smallinfinity
In dilute gas, the average separation between the molecules is ______ large very smallInfinity
The mean energy of principle of equipartition of energy is ______ kT 3/2 kT 2/3 kT
A free particle has ___________ degrees of freedom. 1 2 3
A particle moving with a linear simple harmonic motion has ___ degrees 1 2 3
Helmhotz free energy F of a system of particles is defined by _______. F=U-TS F=U/TS F=U+TS
The specific heat at constant volume is the amount the amount the
of heat
amount
required to raise
The gas constant (R) is equal to the __________ of two specific heats. sum difference product
The quantum statistics reduces to classical statistics under the following condition =13
3>> 1 3 << 1
Specific heat of metals can be expressed as ___ T3 AT + BT2 AT2+BT3
Boltzmann entropy probability relation is given by _______ S=k logeS = k/loge
S = k+loge
Enthalpy and internal energy have relation ______ H= U PVH= U/PV H=U+PV
In quantum physics identical particles are ______ a) indisti distinguis symmetric
The zero point energy of one dimensional oscillator is _____ 2h h 1/3 h
In classical physics identical particles are ______ indistingu distinguis symmetri
The dimensions of the phase space depends upon the ____ of the system. entropy heat contedegrees o
_________of a system of particles is given by F = U TS Helmholtz free energ helmholtz
For non-degenerate system A= 1 A<< 1 A> 1
The spin of the photon is 0 1 2
B.E distribution function is given by {1/( e a + bE
){1/(
} e a + bE a + bE
){(+ e1} ) 1}
The degeneracy parameter e-a = N/V ( h2 / 2pmkT
N/V ( h2)1/2
/ 2pmkT
N/V ( h)23/4/ 2pmkT )3/2
Maxwell first developed ____________theory Equiparti partition classical
According to classical mechanics a molecule can have finite spe infinite s variable s
As temperature increases, the most probable __________also increases frequenc wavelengtenergy
B.E distribution law is used to derive ___________of radiation Planks la Weiss la Widemann-
Wave function of the system of identical Bosons is Asymmetrlinear non-linear
M.B. distribution can be applicable to _________ identical indistingu gas
In M.B. distribution the mean P.E. is ______ than/ to K.E. of ideal gas. larger very large small
When T=0, the value of entropy S = ______ in M.B. distribution. infinity negative i zero
The correct expression for J = __________ ACT2e-/kT ACTe-/kT ACT1/2e-/kT
The value of gas constant R= _____ 8.13K/mo 7.013 mol8.31 mol/
Partition function is denoted by the symbol____ Z A M
Mean distance d between the particles is _____ (N/V)1/3 (V/N)1/3 (N/V)3
In M.B. distribution, the unit of n(v) is ______ m/ sec mol/sec mol/m/se
vp = ___ (2kT/m)1.414 kT1.732(kT
Root mean square = ________ (2kT/m)1.414 kT1.732(kT
The equation for total internal energy of one mole of an ideal gas is ____ U/N = 3/2U/N = 3/2U/N = kT
M.B. law cannot be applicable to ______ particles. distinguis Indistinguisolated
The mean energy of principle of equipartition of energy is ______ kT 3/2 kT 2/3 kT

UNIT - IV
Questions opt1 opt2 opt3
B.E distribution law is used to derive ___________of radiation Planck's la Weiss law Widemann
Wave function of the system of identical Bosons is asymmetri linear non-linear
The variable W in an equilibrium stands for minimum pr probabilitymaximum pr
distribution
Which of the following obey Pauli exclusion principle? M.B. stati B.E. statisF.D. statis
Which of the following do not obey Pauli exclusion principle? M.B. stati B.E. statisF.D. statis
In B.E. distribution, the constant e must be _________ greater th smaller th equal to 1
The molecule of an ordinary gas have spin angular momentum equal to an h /2
The molecules obey B.E. statistics are ___________ photons phonons fermions
________ is the energy distribution function. f(E) g(E) n(E)
____________ is the number of quantum states f(E) g(E) n(E)
In B.E. energy distribution, if e =1, for E=0, then n(0) dE =

postive infnegative i 1
In B.E. energy distribution, if e <1, for E=0, then n(0) dE = postive infnegative i 1
For an ideal B.E. distribution the degeneracy parameter A cannot be ___ greater th smaller th equal to 1
For all known B.E. gases, TB is very _______ high low small
The value of Reimann Zeta function is ______ 6.212 1.612 2.126
A gaseous phase consisting of Ne molecules distributed among the energyhigher states ____
lower
than the equal
groundtostate.
The transition of liquid 2He -I to superfluid liquid 2He -II is observed at _________
4 4
8.12 K 2.18 K 1.82 K
For an ideal B.E. gas the condensation temperature is TB. Find the temperatureT=TBat which
T=4TtheB number
T=1/4ofTmolecules
B
in t
E.Fermi developed the statistics for _______ photons bosons phonons
At T=0, when E<EF0, the Fermi energy is given by ________ one infinity negative i
At T=0, when E<EF0, the Fermi energy is given by ________ one infinity negative i
For free electrons in metallic copper the temperature is of the order of _________
90 x 103 K90 x 10-3 K90 x 303 K
For free electrons in copper, TF = ________ 8.15 x 102K
8.15 x 10-28.15
K x 10-4 K
The value of TF free electrons in a metal is _____ very large very small zero
The free electron gas in copper is _______ highly degdegenerat weekly de
Surface potential barrier energy of the metal is denoted by ____________ EP ES S
Richardson explain his theory in the year ______ 1801 1701 1901
Spin value of bosons are in the order of _________ 0,1,2,0, 2,4,6 , 3/2, 5
S.Dushmann explained his theory in the year _______ 1801 1701 1923
Spin value of fermions are in the order of _________ 0,1,2,0, 2,4,6 , 3/2, 5
The value of b is given by 3 KT KT 1/KT
In B.E statistics the particles are identical and indistinguishable. These particles
Bosonsare fermions
called as leptons
Particles with half-integral spin are called as Bosons fermions leptons
Fermions obey ______________principle Heisenber Le-chatlie Pauli
Condition for B.E distribution to approach M.B distribution is 1/A(e bE) >>A<=11 i.e A<<1 A>>1
In B.E statistics the particles are identical and indistinguishable. These particles Bosons fermions leptons
The Bosons has spin 1 zero or ha zero or w
The examples for Bosons photons electrons neutrons
Particles with half-integral spin are called as bosons Fermions leptons
The examples for Fermions Photons phonons electrons
The spin of the photon is 0 1 2
In F.D statistics the particles are identical and indistinguishable. These particles Fermions bosons photons
B.E distribution function is given by {1/( ea + b {1/( ea + b {( ea + bE) 1}
Fermi energy Ef = - aKT aKT 1/ aKT
Fermi-Dirac distribution function FD(E) = {1/( ea + b {1/( ea + b 1/ aKT
In terms of Fermi energy F.D distribution function is fFD(E) = {-1/( eE + EF)
{1/(
+ 1}
eE - E {1/( eE + E
When T = 0 and E < Ef , then fFD(E) = 0 1
The degeneracy parameter e- = N/V ( h2 / N/V ( h2 / 2pmkt )3/4
The maximum value of degeneracy parameter in B.E statistics is One two three
B.E statistics is used to find the __________among identical energy dist frequency both a and
According to B.E distribution law the number of Bosons having energies g(E)dE/{( eg(E)dE/{( e g(E)dE/{( e
According to Planks law of radiation, the energy of the photon is Constant same not distinc
For an isolated system the total energy in a B.E. distribution law is used to deri A<=1 A<<1 A>>1
Wave function of the system of identical Bosons is Unsymmet linear symmetric
The molecule of an ideal B.E gas in two phases at T = TB T > TB T < TB
The __________consists of no molecules occupying ground state condensed liquid pha gaseous p
__________of same energy can have two different directions of polarization Plancks l Weiss law Franz law
At ___________the molecule just reach the zero energy state Bohr temp Kelvin te Neel temp

UNIT - V
Questions opt1 opt2 opt3
In solid heat is transferred by _________ Conductioconvectionradiation
In liquid heat is transferred by _________ Conductioconvectionradiation
Conduction and convection cannot take place in __________ solid liquid inert gas
______________ does not require any material medium. Conductioconvectionradiation
Radiant energy is also called as ____ latent heatradiant heaentropy
The wavelength of infrared ranges from ________ 7500 to 750 to 1 7500 to
____________ travels with speed of light. Conductioconvectionradiation
The nature of radiant energy is same as that of _______ sound heat light
The radiant energy emitted depends on _________ temperaturmaterial volume
For a black body the emissive power is denoted by __________ E E
Unit of emissive power is ________ 1 W/m 1Wm 1W
For a perfectly black body a = ________ 0 1
Absorptive power is represented by _____ a a
Kirchoffs law of radiation = e/a = Ee/a = a/e = E
___________ black is nearest approach to a perfectly black body. gold platinum diamond
Which is considered as a perfect absorber as well as a perfect emitter? Gray bodyBlack bodReal body
Which body that emits a constant emissivity regardless of the wavelength Gray bodyBlack bodReal body
At same temperatures, the radiation emitted by all real surfaces is ______ Less than Greater t Equal to
Which is NOT a characteristic of emissivity? It is high It is direc It is inde
What is the emissivity of a black body? 0 1 0.5
What is the absorptive of a black body? 0 1 0.5
Above Curie point A ferromaa ferrite a insulati
Which of the following is a paramagnetic material? Palladium Lead Pure Iron
Which of the following is a ferromagnetic material? Palladium Lead Iron
All of the following materials are Ferromagnet except Nickel Bismuth Silicon
By adding silicon to ferromagnetic , materials electrica electrical electrical
The specific heat capacity of a substance is equal to mass of thheat capacmass of th
Specific heat capacity of glass is 635 J kg-1 C
670-1 J kg-1 C
705-1 J kg-1 C-1
The specific heat capacity of a substance is equal to the amountthe amountthe amount
Specific heat capacity of mercury is 120 J kg-1 C
140-1 J kg-1 C
160-1 J kg-1 C-1
The amount of heat required to raise temperature of a substance by 1C is work capcheat capacenergy cap
Heat capcity does not depends on change in mass of b nature of
Heat brings _______ change physical chemical reversible
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg by 1C is callwork capcheat capacenergy cap
SI unit of specific heat capacity is: kgC j/kgC j/kg
Which of the following has highest heat capacity? water air soil
The temperature at which liquid changes into vapour is called as Melting poboiling poexpansion
In Conduction process the molecules of the solid pass the heat from one towithout themselves mthemselve
The process of transfer of heat in liquids & gases is called as ConductioRadiation Convectio
Solids are not heated by convection because solid are moleculesboth A an
It is the process of heat transfer from a hot body to a colder body without ConductioRadiation Convectio
The transfer of heat by radiation does not require a does not r
Heat of sun reach the earth by ConductioRadiation Convectio
A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. It transfers heat to ConductioRadiation Convectio
Why conduction is only possible in solids particles heat is tr heat is tr
The water is poor conductors of heat so do not heated by ConductioRadiation Convectio
Which of the following are the examples of conductors? plastic iron wood
Which of the following are the examples of insulators ? copper iron wood
Radiation is the transfer of heat by means of magnetic electroma electrical
Materials which lack permanent magnetic dipoles are called dia magneferro mag semi-magn
Materials having a high dielectric constant, which is non-linear, are knownelastomer ferroelectrsuper die-
In ferromagnetic materials the atomicthe atomicthe constit
The temperature beyond which substances lose their ferroelectric properti curie tempcritical t inversion
What is the degeneracy of the rotational energy level with J = 4 for a
heteronuclear diatomic molecule? 1 2 3
Which type of statistics is used to describe the electron contribution to speMB statistBE statistiFD statist
UNIT-V

In solid heat is transferred by _________

a)Conduction b) convection c) radiation d) Irradiation

In liquid heat is transferred by _________

a) Conduction b) convection c) radiation d) Irradiation

Conduction and convection cannot take place in __________

a) solid b) liquid c) inert gas d) empty space

______________ does not require any material medium.

a)Conduction b) convection c) radiation d) Irradiation

Radiant energy is also called as ____

a) latent heat b) radiant heat c) entropy d) enthalpy

The wavelength of infrared ranges from ________

a) 7500 to 1000000 b) 750 to 100000 c) 7500 to 10000 d) 750 to 1000000

____________ travels with speed of light.

a) Conduction b) convection c) radiation d) Irradiation

The nature of radiant energy is same as that of _______

a) sound b) heat c) light d) electricity

The radiant energy emitted depends on _________

a) temperature b) material c) volume d) height

For a black body the emissive power is denoted by __________

a) E b) c) E d) E

Unit of emissive power is ________

a) 1 W/m b) 1Wm c) 1W d) 1W/m2

For a perfectly black body a = ________

a) 0 b) c) 1 d) -
Absorptive power is represented by _____

a) a b) c) a d) a

Kirchoffs law of radiation =

a) e/a = E b) e/a = c) a/e = E d) e/E = a

___________ black is nearest approach to a perfectly black body.

a) gold b) platinum c) diamond d) silver

What is considered as a perfect absorber as well as a perfect emitter?

a)Gray body b)Black body c)Real body d)White body

What is a body that emits a constant emissivity regardless of the wavelength?

a)Gray body b)Black body c)Real body d)White body

At same temperatures, the radiation emitted by all real surfaces is ______ the radiation emitted by a black body.

a)Less than b) Greater than c)Equal to d)Either less than or greater than

Which is NOT a characteristic of emissivity?

a)It is high with most nonmetals b)It is directly proportional to temperature c)It is independent with the surface condition of th

What is the emissivity of a black body?

a)0 b)1 c)0.5 d)0.25

What is the absorptive of a black body?

0 b) 1 c) 0.5 d)0.25

Above Curie point

a) A ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic b) a ferrite becomes an insulator c) a insulating material becomes a ferrite

Which of the following is a paramagnetic material?

a) Palladium b) Lead c) Pure Iron d) Bismuth

Which of the following is a ferromagnetic material?

a) Palladium b) Lead c) Pure Iron d) Bismuth

All of the following materials are Ferromagnet except

a) Nickel b) Bismuth c) Silicon d) Mild steel

By adding silicon to ferromagnetic , materials

a) electrical resistivity increases and also magnetic permeability increases b) electrical resistivity decreases and also magnetic p
 opt4 opt5 opt6 Answer
Heat motion Heat power
Thomas Savery Lord Kelvin
Classical thermodynamics Classical thermodynamics
Zeroth law of Thermodynamic First law of Thermodynamics
Zeroth law of ThermodynamicSecond law of Thermodynamics
The entropy-temperature relati Conservation of ene
heterogeneous systems only. macroscopic systems only
it is not applicable to macrosc it is not applicable to macroscopic systems.
a homogeneous system an isolated system
P =RT PV= nRT
R-Cp =Cv Cp-Cv =R
Phase Thermal
Phase Mechanical
phase phase
Phase Chemical
Thermal, phase, mechanical anThermal, phase, mechanical and chemical
Either path or phase Cycle
Isometric process Isothermal process
Isometric process Isobaric process
Isovolumetric process Isochoric or isometric process
Third law of thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics
Molar heat Enthalpy
Molar heat Heat capacity
Molar heat Specific heat
Molar heat Entropy
Newton/Kelvin Joule/Kelvin
Enthalpy of reaction Enthalpy
Nernst equation Gibbs Helmholtz equatioin
thermochemical studies. thermodynamics
third law of thermodynamics first law of thermodynamics
Suri Carnot Sadi Carnot
Work and heat Heat
G = H * TS G=H-TS
Inversely proportional to absol Directly proportional to absolute temperature
Infinite Infinite
Twice the external latent heat oTwice the external latent heat of fusion
150 J/kg K 650 J/kg K
3/2 RT 3/2 RT
Lies between 0 and 1 Is infinity
Atomic mass Atomic mass
none of these. equilibrium
no matter.. no heat
E =W-q. E =q+w
q = E-w E = -w
H =E -nRT H =E +pv
molar capacity. molar heat capacity
H=E-PV H=E-PV
PV+E-H H=E+PV
Joules law Joules law
Unpredictable behavior More volume
Bars Pascal
Surface tension of molecules Kinetic energy of molecules
Mass is zero Kinetic energy of the molecules is zero
Partly inelastic Perfectly elastic
4 law 4 law
Atmospheric conditions Only small range of pressures
Gas characteristic constants Molecular weights
No value of specific heat No value of specific heat
density density
No value of specific heat Only one value of specific heat
Normal thermodynamic pressuNormal temperatuere and pressure

opt4 opt5 opt6 Answer

No attractive forces exists bet PV = nRT
Sensible energy Translational energy
2R 3/2 R
Increases or decreases accordinIs increased
Decrease for some, while increRemain same
Temperature becomes half at coTemperature become four times at constant pressure
Inelastic non-rigid sphere Perfectly elastic rigid sphere
Po * 76 Zero
Isotonic changes Isothermal changes
stefans law Charles law and Boyles law
V/T PV
J/kg J/molK
Collisions will not change Number of collisions per unit time will increase
Depends upon the mass of the Has only two values Cp and Cv
Real and at constant temperatu Perfect and of constant mass and temperature
low pressure At high temperature and low pressure
 Liquid hydrogen freezes Molecules motion stops
not equal to one less than one
Not be solidified Not be liquefied
Inversely proportional to absol Directly proportional to absolute temperature
Twice the external latent heat oMore then external latent heat of fusion
Lies between 0 and 1 Is infinity
kinetic energy Mass
roposional to T2 proposional to T
mechanics hydrodynamics
closed internal
1.38 x 10-19 j/k 1.38 x 10-23 j/k

resonance motion

far far
apart apart
low density but high mass low density and mass
large no of large particles in large no of small particles in constant randam motion
refration of light brownian motion
no force no force
arabic word greek word
gel gas
not possible very compressible
biomass Temperature
gel only liquid and gas
they are compressible they can flow
issac brown John brown
may be high or low high
force in liquid pressure on wall
static brownian motion
the particles of matter are in c when individual particles collide, they undergo no exchange of kinetic energy
n,V P,T
4 law 4 law
Atmospheric conditions Only small range of pressures
Normal thermodynamic pressuNormal temperature and pressure
liquid identical molecule

opt4 opt5 opt6 Answer

e+
e-
N Z
(V/N)3 (V/N)1/3
weekly degenerate non- degenerate
weekly degenerate degenerate
weekly degenerate strongly degenerate
N gr
e e-
sec mol/m/sec
3.414kT (2kT/m)
vrms vp
v>vp>vrms vp<v <vrms
3.414kT 1.732(kT/m)
3.414kT 1.596(kT/m)
U/N = 2/3 kT U/N = 3/2 kT
1/kT 1/kT
Negative Zero
inert gas crystalline solid
Isobaric Indistinguishable
small small
small large
kT 3/2 kT
4 3
4 2
F=UTS F=U-TS
any one of the above the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of gas through one degree, at con
ratio difference
= 0
3
3>> 1
AT + BT3 AT + BT3
S = k-loge S=k loge
H=UPV H=U+PV
anti-symmetric indistinguishable
3h h
anti-symmetric distinguishable
enthalpy degrees of freedom
Gibbs free energy Helmholtz free energy
A>= 1 A<< 1
1
{1/( ea + bE) 1} {( ea + bE) 1}
N/V ( h2 / 2pmkT)3 N/V ( h2 / 2pmkT )3/2
quantum classical
constant speed infinite speed
velocity velocity
All the above Planks law
symmetric symmetric
liquid identical molecule
equal small
one negative infinity
T2e-/kT ACT2e-/kT
8.31 J/mol K 8.31 J/mol K
N Z
(V/N)3 (V/N)1/3
sec mol/m/sec
3.414kT (2kT/m)
3.414kT 1.732(kT/m)
U/N = 2/3 kT U/N = 3/2 kT
Isobaric Indistinguishable
kT 3/2 kT

opt4 opt5 opt6 Answer

Rayleigh's law Planck's law
symmetric symmetric
constant probability distributio maximum probability distribution
Einsteins equation F.D. statistics
Einsteins equation B.E. statistics
zero greater than 1
h/2
bosons bosons
f f(E)
f g(E)
0 postive infinity
0 negative infinitive
zero greater than 1
0 low
2.612 2.612
very smaller higher
1.28 K 2.18 K
T=4/3 TB T=1/4 TB
electrons electrons
zero one
zero zero
90 x 30-3 K 90 x 303 K
8.15 x 104K 8.15 x 104K
infinity very large
 non-degenerate highly degenerate
SE ES
1921 1901
1/3, 3/3, 5/3,. 0,1,2,.
1921 1923
1/3, 3/3, 5/3,. , 3/2, 5/2,
4KT 1/KT
baryons Bosons
baryons fermions
Haber Pauli
A>>1 A<<1
baryons Bosons
zero zero or half-integral spin
protons photons
electrons leptons
antiparitcles electrons
1
kryptons Fermions
{1/( ea + bE) 1} {1/( ea + bE) 1}
1/ aKT - aKT
{-1/( ea + bE) + 1} {1/( ea + bE) + 1}
{1/( eE + EF) - 1} {1/( eE + EF) + 1}
3 1
N/V ( h2 / 2pmkt )3 N/V ( h2 / 2pmkt )3
four One
mass distribution energy distribution
g(E)dE/{( ea + bE) 1}1/2 g(E)dE/{( ea + bE) 1}1/2
vary Constant
A=1 A<<1
symmetric symmetric
T <= TB T < TB
inert gas gaseous phase
Franz law Plancks law
Curie temperature Bohr temperature

opt4 opt5 opt6 Answer

Irradiation Conduction
Irradiation convection
empty space empty space
Irradiation radiation
enthalpy radiant heat
750 to 1000000 7500 to 1000000
 Irradiation radiation
electricity light
height temperature
E E
1W/m2 1W/m2
- 0
a a
e/E = a e/a = E
silver gold
White body Black body
White body Gray body
Either less than or greater than Less than
It is low with highly polished It is low with highly polished metals
0.25 1
0.25 0
a diamagnetic material becomeA ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic
Bismuth Lead
Bismuth Iron
Mild steel Mild steel
electrical resistivity increases electrical resistivity decreases and magnetic permeability increases
mass of the substance heat capacity mass of the substance
740 J kg-1 C-1 670 J kg-1 C-1
the amount of heat required to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a 1 kg of a substance by 1 K
180 J kg-1 C-1 140 J kg-1 C-1
specific heat capacity heat capacity
height of substance height of substance
periodic chemical
specific heat capacity specific heat capacity
j/gC j/kgC
wood water
phase transition boiling point
without thnot move without themselves moving from their positions
absorption Convection
they are loosely packed both A and B
absorption Radiation
require any space does not require any medium.
absorption Radiation
absorption Conduction
both A and B both A and B
absorption Conduction
silicon iron
silicon wood
radio waves electromagnetic waves
para magnet dia magnet
hard die-electrics ferroelectric materials
one of the constituent is iron the atomic magnetic moments are parallel
conversion temperature curie temperature

9 9
Classical statistics FD statistics
he surface condition of the material d)It is low with highly polished metals
aterial becomes a ferrite d) a diamagnetic material becomes a paramagnetic material

ases and also magnetic permeability increases c) electrical resistivity decreases and magnetic permeability increases d) electrical resistivity
of kinetic energy
as through one degree, at constant volume
of a substance by 1 K
ases d) electrical resistivity increases and magnetic permeability decreases.