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LECTURE 4
Viruses part I
What are Viruses ?
Viruses
Obligate intracellular
parasites
Size: 20-350nm
3
Size of viruses
Viruses cannot be seen using a light
microscope
How are viruses
different from bacteria ?
Viruses
Smaller in size
Are viruses living things ?
Do not breathe
Do not move
Able to replicate
? Living things
Classification of viruses
No taxa above Family
(no order, class,
phylum, kingdom etc)
- binomial nomenclature
is not yet adopted for
viruses
Example
Genus Varicella zoster virus
Common name chickenpox virus
Disease chickenpox
Baltimore classification
Viral Proteins
Viral proteins
Structural protect viral
genome and help in
attachment. Eg. Capsid
Non-structural essential
for initiation of replicative
cycle. Eg. reverse
trasncriptase, Proteases
Icosahedral
Helical
Soccer ball
Capsomers
20 faces / facets
(triangles)
12 vertices
Sides consist of hexon
23
Helical symmetry
Penetration
Uncoating /disassembly
Assembly
Release of virions
Virus replication some interesting facts
Number of virions /
infected cell 100 to
100,000
Haemagglutinin ability to
bind to respiratory
epithelial cell
3 DAYS
3 daysPOST-INFECTION
post infection 7 DAYS
7 daysPOST-INFECTION
post infection
Lycke and Norrby Textbook of Medical Virology 1983 36
Ramphal et al., INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 1979 25:992-997 (mouse)
Where do new HA and NA
come from?
~18 types HA
~11 types NA
all circulate in
birds
Humans HA1-3;
HA5.
Humans NA1 and
NA2.
pigs
can be infected by
avian and human
influenza viruses
37
Pigs can act as host for generation of human-
avian reassortments
38
Reassortment in influenza virus
H1N1
N1
H1
H1 N2
H1N2
H2N2
N2
H2
Infection and disease
lecture 5
Rotavirus
Rabies
Ebola
VZV
HIV
Viruses and cancer
Emerging infections
Rota virus
Rotaviruses - a major public health issue
Enterocytes
Gastroenteritis (diarrhea)
Note: no viremia
HRIG - injection
Ebola virus
Reservoir of Ebola virus
Ebola virus pathogenesis
Human-to-human transmission
blood, body fluids , aerosol.
Isolation of individuals
Awareness
Travel restrictions
Protection of heathcare
workers
No vaccine
Varicella zoster virus
(chicken pox)
Pathogenesis - varicella
Respiratory route
Replicates in liver
Eg.
Fungi: candida species
Bacteria: mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
Viruses: cytomegalovirus
Transformation of a normal
cell to cancer cell may take
several years
Persistent infection
Common warts
Anal cancer
Hepatitis B virus / hepatitis C virus
Chronic infection of
the liver
Displacement of animals
International travel