Bahan Bahan Listrik

Ir. Karnoto, M.T.

Mochammad Facta, Ph.D
 Materi Perkuliahan
1. Prinsip dasar ilmu bahan listrik,
2. Sifat dan jenis bahan-bahan dielectric serta
isolasi cair, padat dan gas; KNT

3. Bahan konduktor,
4. Bahan semikonduktor,
5. Bahan super konduktor;
6. Bahan magnetik,
7. Bahan optik, FCT

8. Material lain seperti:

bahan solder, termokopel, pelebur (fuse)
 Standar kompetensi
Setelah menyelesaikan Mata Kuliah ini
mahasiswa Teknik Elektro mampu
menentukan (C3) bahan-bahan yang
digunakan dalam bidang teknik elektro
 Bahan Pustaka Utama
1. B. M Tarrev, Material for Electrical
Engineering, Moscow USSR
2. Lawrence H. Van Viack, Element of Material
Science
3. S.O. Kasap, Principles Electronic material and
Devices, Mc Graww Hill, 2006
4. Dieter Kind, Herman Karner, High Voltage
Insulation Technology, Fiedr. Vieweg &Sons,
1985
 Metode Evaluasi Belajar
Tugas/Quiz/Tes Kecil Mendadak 30%
Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) 20%
Ujian Akhir Semester 50%
Total 100%
 Length- scales
Angstrom = 1 = 1/ 10, 000, 000, 000 meter = 10 -10 m
Nanometer = 10 nm = 1/ 1, 000, 000, 000 meter = 10 -9m
Micrometer = 1Om = 1/ 1, 000, 000 meter = 10-6 m
Millimeter = 1mm = 1/ 1, 000 meter = 10 -3 m
Interatomic distance ~ a few
A human hair is ~ 50 m
The World of Material
 Types of Materials
Classify materials according to the way the atoms are bound together
Metals: valence electrons are detached from atoms, and spread in an
'electron sea' that "glues" the ions together. Strong, ductile, conduct
electricity and heat well, are shiny if polished.
Semiconductors: the bonding is covalent (electrons are shared between
atoms). Their electrical properties depend strongly on minute proportions
of contaminants. Examples: Si, Ge, GaAs.
Ceramics: atoms behave like either positive or negative ions, and are
bound by Coulomb forces. They are usually combinations of metals or
semiconductors with oxygen, nitrogen or carbon (oxides, nitrides, and
carbides). Hard, brittle, insulators. Examples: glass, porcelain.
Polymers: are bound by covalent forces and also by weak van der Waals
forces, and usually based on C and H. They decompose at moderate
temperatures (100 400 C), and are lightweight. Examples: plastics
rubber.
 2 003 Brooks /Cole Pub lishin g / Thomson Learning

Functional
classification of
materials. Notice that
metals, plastics, and
ceramics occur in
different categories.
A limited number of
examples in each
category is provided

11
Material selection
Materials are used to make or build objects.
In Selecting the best material you need to look
at 4 things: Physical properties, Cost and Time,
Shaping and Forming and Availability.
Material Science and Engineering
Selecting the best material A checklist
1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 2 WHAT COST?
The materials
Hardness S The extras (fittings etc)
Tensile Strength E
3 SHAPING & FORMING
Compressive Strength
L Cutting
Shear Strength
Stiffness
E out
Moulding
Toughness C Casting
Joining
Malleable T 4 AVAILABILITY
Corrosive I Are they easy to obtain
Appearance
O including fittings.
Weight
Conductivity
N
Classes of Material Properties

General
Chemical
Physicochemical
Mechanical
Thermal
Electrical and magnetic
Acoustical & Optical
 Properties;
Properties are the way the material responds to
the environment and external forces.
Mechanical properties response to mechanical
forces, strength, etc.
Electrical and magnetic properties - response
electrical and magnetic fields, conductivity, etc.
Thermal properties are related to transmission of
heat and heat capacity.
Optical properties include to absorption,
transmission and scattering of light.
Chemical stability in contact with the environment
corrosion resistance.
General Properties of Engineering Materials

Density or Relative Density

Porosity
Moisture Content
Macrostructure, viewable with the un-
aided eye
Microstructure, groups of atoms that
are normally agglomerated together
Chemical Properties of Engineering Materials

Oxide or Compound Composition

Acidity or Alkalinity
Resistance to Corrosion or Weathering
Physicochemical Properties of Engineering
Materials

Water-absorptive or water-repellent action

Shrinkage and swell due to moisture change.
Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials

Some include:
Strength
Tension, compression, shear, and Flexure
Static, impact, and endurance
Stiffness
Elasticity/Plasticity
Ductility/Brittleness
Hardness & wear resistance
Thermal Properties of Engineering Materials
Specific Heat
Expansion
Conductivity

Electrical and Magnetic Properties of

Engineering Materials
Conductivity
Magnetic permeability
Galvanic action
Acoustical Properties of Engineering Materials
Sound Transmission
Sound Reflection

Optical Properties of Engineering Materials

Color
Light transmission
Light reflection
Properties of Materials
Each material has many properties. It is
incorrect, for example to describe a
material as just strong or weak as for
example concrete is strong in compression
but weak in tension.
Hardness Toughness Strength
Brittleness Malleability Ductility
Elasticity Plasticity Conductivity
Density Fatigue Stiffness
Hardness
The ability of a material to resist wear
indentation and scratching.
An example of a
hardness test that
can be carried out
in the lab.

Different materials
are used and the
depth of indentation
measured
Toughness
The ability of a material to withstand
blows or sudden impact.
Different materials are
used, the hammer is
swung from the same
height each time about
a fixed fulcrum. The
distance travelled after
impact or fracture is
used to find toughness
Strength
The ability of a material to withstand
forces of tension, compression and
torsion
Tensile Strength the ability to withstand
pulling forces or Tension forces

Compressive Strength the ability to withstand

squeezing forces or Compression forces

Torsional Strength the ability to withstand

twisting forces or Torsion forces
Brittleness
A material that is easily fractured by
impact is said to be brittle e.g. Glass
The same as the
toughness test
however those
materials that
fracture easily are
said to be brittle.
Malleability
A material that can be rolled or hammered
into shape without rupture.

As ring rises the

side of Coke can
is thinned out
Ductility
A material that can be pulled or stretched
into a thin wire or thread.
Elasticity
The ability of a material to return to its
original shape after deformation.
Plasticity
The ability of a material to be permanently
deformed without fracture..
Conductivity
The ability of a material to allow Heat or
electricity to flow through it.

Ball Bearing drops

from most
conductive 1st.
Density
Is the mass of 1 cubic centimetre (cm3) of
a substance. (Mass per unit Volume)
Q. Which is heavier a tonne of feathers
or a tonne of lead?
Q. Which has the greatest density?

Mass
Density =
Volume
Fatigue
Occurs when materials have become
overworked and fracture or fail.
Stiffness
The ability of a material to resist bending
deformation.
 End

of
Presentation