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General Objective
The Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) is a study for
occupational safety and health evaluation which has been conducted on the staff from
respective units including of Unit Kualiti Air Minum, Unit Keselamatan dan Keselamatan
Makanan, Unit Inspektorat dan Perundangan and Administrative Units at Pejabat
Kesihatan Bahagian Mukah.This is in conjunction to help increasing the awareness of the
management and safety officer on the existing hazards. The results attained from this
study can be used as a guideline to minimize the associated risk and increase the safety
of the workplace and work process.
a. To identify all the factors that may causes hazards from both safety and health to
the employees based on observation using standard checklist and interviews with
the employees.
b. To estimate what are the risk of those hazards that would actually giving harms to
the employees in the circumstances of a particular case and the possible severity
that could occur.
c. To perform a job hazard analysis to classify the hazards and the causes followed
by an evaluation of associated risk using a standard scales for risk assessment.
d. To assess the current risk control measures used by the workplace for a
mitigation.
e. To plan and introduce a preventive measures to ensure that the risks are
controlled at all times in the workplace.
Methodology
This chapter describes the methodology that was used to identify the hazards
followed by risk assessments to improve the safety of employees in the workplace. The
methodology was divided into three sections which is :-
1. Hazard identification,
2. Risk assessment
3. Recommendation for risk control measures.
In general, the common HIRARC form from Department of Safety & Health was used
to identify, collect and analyze all the above parameters. In this study, the form is used to
collect and identify all of the parameters shown above while the data collection was done
by interviewing the employees and staff who work is different units in a workplace which
is Unit Kawalan Mutu Air Minum, Unit Keselamatan dan Kualiti Makanan, Unit Inspektorat
dan Perundangan and Administrative Unit, Pejabat Kesihatan Bahagian Mukah. Several
site visits were also conducted to achieve data collection.
The aim of HIRARC is to find out every parameter that is considered as a hazard to
reduce the level of risk and increase the safety. Therefore, this study has implement a
process to identify the hazard, risk assessment and also risk control measures. The flow
chart of the process to identify those parameters are shown below.
Hazard identification
Workplace Audit
based on Hazard
(Observation,
Identification
Inspection, Interview)
Checklist
Uses of Protective
Adminstrative
Personal
Control
Equipment
1.1 Workplace inspection (observation and interview for job hazard analysis)
1.1.1 Observation
Visits were conducted to each identified workplace. Inspections were used as tools
for assessing workplace hazard. In this study, inspection was a general walk- around
inspection at the workplace condition and work process has been conducted to identify
any hazard occurrence. Worksite observation was crucial because it is the most effective
tool used to identify behaviors that related to workplace injuries. It shows how these
behaviors would interact with the hazardous environment.
1.1.2 Interview
An interview was conducted in private with the handling staffs from each of the
respective units. This will allowed to collect more information from the employees
themselves about the work process that they conduct and what health and safety impact
that has occurs during the work process. History and records of last accidents during the
work process in their respective workplace are also been gained to look up the past
records of existing hazards occurs during the work process.
Hazard classification is done through job hazard analysis. The identified hazards
were categorized as either safety or health hazard followed by classification into
biological, chemical, ergonomic, physical, mechanical, physiological and electrical
hazards.
The job hazard analysis helps in identifying hazards associated with each
particular job task. In this study, JHA was conducted by breaking down the activities of
each work process in different respective units, according to job tasks, followed by
identifying the potential hazards related to each job task. This provides a way to eliminate
or control the related hazards and reduce the risks. It helps in implementing control
measures and avoiding the injuries to employees.
2. Method for risk assessment
In this study area, the value depended on the likelihood of an event happening.
Assessing likelihood in the plant was based on worker experience, analysis or
measurement. Likelihood levels ranged from 1 to 5.
Severity could be divided into five categories. Severity was based upon an increasing
level of severity to an individuals health, the environment, or to property. Severity levels
ranged from 1 to 5
For risk analysis that used likelihood and severity in the quantitative method, presenting
results in a risk matrix is an effective way to show the risk in a workplace. Risk is
calculated using the following formula:
L x S = Relative Risk
L = Likelihood
S = Severity
The risk matrix table used in this study are shown as below.
Severity (S)
Likelihood (L) 1 2 3 4 5
5 5 10 15 20 25
4 4 8 12 16 20
3 3 6 9 12 15
2 2 4 6 8 10
1 1 2 3 4 5
Hazards evaluated as High Risk require immediate actions to resolve or reduce the risk
to life safety and/or the environment. Personnel responsible for taking required action
should do the follow-up inspections to ensure the effectiveness of the implemented
control measures.
3. Methods for Risk Controls
In this study, four major categories of risk control methods are applied includes the
elimination or substitution at source of hazard, engineering control, administrative control
and usage of personal protective equipment to regulate, reduce or prevent the hazards.
The details of control methods are as bellow:
b) Substitution -Controls must protect workers from repetitive and any newly created
hazard.
Engineering controls prevent and reduce the discharge of hazards into the working
atmosphere through mechanical modification of machinery or processes. This is solely
dependent on the type of hazards as different factors of engineering control can be
applied at the workplace. Table 3.1 shows some different types of engineering controls.
Parameters Remark
Administrative controls include various policies and requirements that are recognized at
an administrative level. Administrative controls implemented by the authority
(Management, Safety department, safety committee or safety officer). The following
parameters can be implemented as an administrative control to minimize and control
risks in working area.
Parameters Remark
Housekeeping,
Housekeeping includes cleaning, waste disposal and spill
repair and
cleanup. Well maintained tools, equipment and machinery
maintenance
are less likely to cause injury.
programs