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4 (2015) 449-454
Tribology in Industry
RESEARCH
www.tribology.fink.rs
Keywords: ABSTRACT
Four ball wear
The present work describes the tribological behavior of CuO, WS2 and
Wear scar diameter
TiO2 nano particles as an antiwear additive to a chemically modified
Nanolubricants
rapeseed oil (CMRO). The tribological tests were run on a four ball
Viscosity
tribometer. The variation of viscosity of various nano based
biolubricants with respect to temperature is also estimated in
Corresponding author: accordance with ASTM D 445. The test results were compared with
S. Baskar petroleum based synthetic lubricant (SAE20W40). The test results
Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi exhibited that CMRO with nano CuO has better tribological
Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Enathur characteristics, smoother wear scar and higher viscosity compared to
631561, Kanchipuram, India, synthetic lubricant and other nano based biolubricants.
E-mail: baskar.s@kanchiuniv.ac.in 2015 Published by Faculty of Engineering
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S. Baskar et al., Tribology in Industry Vol. 37, No. 4 (2015) 449-454
the use of nano particles in the vegetable oil based 2.2 Experimental apparatus
biolubricants. The present study is focused on the
evaluation of the tribological behaviour and A four ball tribometer TR-30L-IAS, a versatile
viscosity of nano based bio-lubricant using a four- equipment supplied by Ducom Instruments
ball tribometer and Viscometer respectively. Bengaluru, used to conduct the experiments as
shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the schematic
diagram of a four ball tribometer. The machine
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE consists of four balls, one ball at the top and three
on the bottom side. The three balls at bottom are
2.1 Lubricant preparations fixed in a ball pot which is filled with the lubricant
sample to be tested.
In the present investigation, high grade rapeseed
oil is used as base oil. The base oil was chemically
modified via epoxidation, hydroxylation and
esterification processes in order to improve its
thermo oxidative stability and cold flow behaviour
of base oil. The detailed procedure for chemical
modification process is adapted from the earlier
study of Arumugam and Sriram [5]. The various
nano particles (CuO, WS2 and TiO2 of 0.5 wt%) are
dispersed in CMRO with sizes of approximately 40-
70 nm, 40-80 nm and 30-50nm respectively using
an ultrasonic sonicator [10]. The nanoparticles
used in this study were obtained from US Research
Nanomaterials Inc. (USA). The properties of Fig. 1. Four ball tribometer.
nanoparticles are listed in Table 1 and the
measured properties of nano based bio-lubricants
are listed in Table 2.
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S. Baskar et al., Tribology in Industry Vol. 37, No. 4 (2015) 449-454
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig. 4. Coefficient of friction for various lubricating oils.
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S. Baskar et al., Tribology in Industry Vol. 37, No. 4 (2015) 449-454
The above findings are also consistent with the diameter is lowered by about 39%, 36% and
previous study by Wu et al. (8). They reported 34% for CMRO containing nano CuO, nano WS2
that the addition of nano CuO improves the and nano TiO2 respectively as compared to that
tribological behavior of API-SF engine oil and of synthetic lubricant (SAE20W40). The CMRO
base oil than with lubricant containing nano containing nano CuO exhibits minimum wear
TiO2 and nano diamond particles. scar diameter compared with other lubricating
oils. It is evident from the Fig. 6 that wear scar
image of CMRO containing nano CuO is
smoother, clearer and circular in shape, whereas
for the synthetic lubricant wear scar image is
unclear, rough and oval in shape.
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S. Baskar et al., Tribology in Industry Vol. 37, No. 4 (2015) 449-454
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S. Baskar et al., Tribology in Industry Vol. 37, No. 4 (2015) 449-454
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