Petroleum which along with coal and

power, constitutes the principal source of

commercial energy in India , is a
commsdity in petroleum products and
about 30% to 40% of our requirement is
being met by imports. This causes great
strain in our foreign exchange reserves.
Further, oil reserves in the world are not
expected to last indedfinttely.
Domestic production of oil has
increade considerably over the last tow
decades . From 6.8 million tonnes in 1970-
71 , crude oil products with up to 32
million tonnes in 1988-89. With the advent
of Bombay high , more thean four fold
increase in crude output from the on-
shore and off =shore areas as recorded
during 1970 - It appears that the dynamim
in domestic crude out put has of late given
way to some kind of stagnation. Actual
produvtuon if crude oil in the past three
years has been short of the annual target
envisaged in the Seventh plan document.
In 1989 -86, India prduced 32million
tonnes of oil from its three years has been
short of the annual target envisaged in the
Sevent;hb; plan documents . in 1989-9- .
Thr\ere is increasing fear among oil fields,
Bombay high's contrubution was as high
as 68.75% in 1989-90 . There is increasing
fear among oil experts that the over
-utilisation f the existing wells may
seriously jeopardise the oil fields in the
future.
Consumption of pretroleum
products upto middle of the century was
not high, insptie of ample availabiltty and
low prices. Consumption of petroleum
products increased considerably over the
last two dcades. The agggregate demand
has continued to rose despite an
unprecedented rise in prices for prtuoleum
products after 1973-74 from 17.9 million
tonnes in 1970- 71 , consumption of
petroleum products increased to 49.76
million tonnes in 1988-89 . Developments
in the transport sector , increase
consumption of petroleum products.
The average growth in
petroleum consumption during theh period
1971-85 was 7.1% . What is es[ecially
distressing is the galloping rate of
consumption of alternative source of
energy anywhere possible. Between 1980
-81 and 1988-89 , cnsumption of
petroleum products shot rp by 6.123% per
annum (compound).
EXERCISE - 6
Illiteracy is a major ostacle in the social
and economic deveopment of a country .
Literacy opens the door to knowledge
thuough which an adults person who had
received little formal education acould
strive for improving the quality of his
mind. Adult Education makkes
developmental processes both easy and
effectine .
The Adult Programme has therefore,
been accorded gihe priority by its
inclusion and item No. 16 in the Revised
20 Point Economic Programme and the
Minimum Needs Programme as a
comenvisages coverage of the entire adult
illitrate population in te age group by
1990 . education is rightly recognised as
an investmenyt in peop;el in an economic
environmenyt where almost all other
resources are scarce. It produces huge
capital assets which can generate a higeh
rate of return though the return may not
be immediately apparent.
Adult Education should become an
integral part of the developmenty
endeavour as stated ane implied in the
programme. Adule Education in turn
should be flexible, relevant, meaningfull as
a concept and practice so that it gets
easily and effectinel dovetailed into varios
developmenby has change to voncept of
adult education significantly. It is no longer
confined to traditional literacy in 4Rs .
alone . the change socio-economic ecene
in the country demand overall
develo[ment of himan resorrces.
How to use Fullstop :
1. When used in group letter
abbrevations, ther should be no space in
the group but one space should be left at
the nd of the group U. N.I.C.E.F. is a
welfare society for children .
2. When used after abbreciated words or
intial letters of a name should be followed
by one spane e.g, M.A , PhD , Y.k , jain ,
Dr, M. Khan
3. When used in punctuation figures, there
should be no spane as Rs.2400150.
4. Erasing is not allowed.
5. There should be no space in Apostrophy
as :Ram's sister ha come today.