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1.9.

Storage Tank
For the design, the dimension of the tank will be reference to the API standard
code for atmospheric pressure tank. These summarize in table 1.X

Table 1.1X. API standard for atmospheric pressure storage tank

(Source: API Standard Code)

1.9.1. Acetic Acid Storage Tank


Acetic acid is supplied from domestic supplier within less than a day of
trucking. Thus, the delivery of acetic acid to the plant is daily or by pipeline.
The volume of the storage tank is set to be able to hold acetic acid for at least 3
days without the supply of the material for the worst scenario. Since the
consumption of acetic acid is 112 ton/day, the storage tank must able to store
337.1 ton. The density of acetic acid is 1054 kg/m3, thus the volume needed is
319m3 or 84,270 gallons. From table 1.1X the closest capacity standard for the
situation is 81,186 gallons. The material being used is stainless steel 304 which
is commonly used to store acetic acid (BSSA). The specification of the tank is:

Table 1.2X. Specification for Vinyl Acetate Storage Tank

Specification Value
Content Acetic Acid
Temperature 30oC
Pressure 101.1 Kpa
Volume 319 m3
Diameter 7.315 m
Height 7.315 m
Orientation Vertical
L/D 1.0
Top Head Torispherical Head
Bottom Head Flat
Material SA-240 Grade 304
Shell Thickness 19 mm
Top Head Thickness 4,7 mm
Bottom Head Thickness 6,35 mm

1.9.2. Vinyl Acetate Storage Tank


Vinyl Acetate is slightly more corrosive than acetic acid thus cannot use
grade 340 steel like acetic acid. At ambient temperature storage, grade 316
should be sufficient to hold vinyl acetate. The design capacity of the acetic acid
is based on the mass flow rate of the vinyl acetate produce times storage
capacity to hold at least ten days worth of production. Every day, our plant
could produce up to 140 ton of vinyl acetate. As the density of vinyl acetate is
858.9 kg/m3, the volume of the storage tank is 1635 m3 or 167.750 gallons. The
dimension of the tank is determined from table 1.1X.
Table 1.3X. Specification for Vinyl Acetate Storage Tank

Specification Value
Content Vinyl Acetate
Temperature 30oC
Pressure 101.1 Kpa
Volume 1635 m3
Diameter 9.14 m
Height 10.935 m
Orientation Vertical
L/D 1.19
Top Head Torispherical Head
Bottom Head Flat
Material SA-240 Grade 316
Shell Thickness 28.575 mm
Top Head Thickness 4,7 mm
Bottom Head Thickness 6,35 mm

1.9.3. Ethylene Storage Tank


Ethylene at standard temperature is in gaseous form. To reduce the volume
needed to store the gas, ethylene must be stored in liquid form under cryogenic
condition. Since the ethylene is stored in extremely low temperature, an
insulation system for the tank is needed. The design of the tank is a smaller tank
inside a bigger tank with insulation foam in between. A cellular glass block
supplied by foamglas R by Pittsburg Corning Inc grade HLB 115 or equivalent
is used as insulator with inorganic powder PC85 by Pittsburg Corning or
equivalent could be used. The thickness of the insulation must be configured so
that the rate of the vaporization should not exceed 0.1% content of the tank per
day.
An Anular rings of perlite concrete or wood suitably impregnated is used to
prevent loss of strength due to ingress of moisture. Overall the insulation is
separated by three annular layers as follow.

a) A closed cell foam structure on the inside of the outer tank to prevent
thermal shock on the outer shell of the tank if any leakage occur in the
inner tank.
b) The foamglas insulate the ethylene from the environment minimize
heat penetration into the tank
c) Perlite Insulation between above two annular layers.

Figure 1.1X. Illustration on the design of ethylene storage tank

Source: BP Chemical Doc No GS 158-3

The tank is expected to hold the vapor space of the ethylene at 140 mbarg, but
for the design, the design pressure that is used is 100 Kpa for full vacuum
(Walas, 1988). The dimension of the tank will be adapted from the API standard
code in table 1.1X.
Since Ethylene is partially supplied from import by shipping, the tank should
hold at at least the capacity of the ship which is approximately 5000 - 10,000
ton. Thus the tank is design to hold 7000 ton ethylene or 10,619m3. Thus the
volume of the tank will follow API standard code for 2,350,320 tank.
To calculate the thickness of the shell, first we assume the shell thickness of the
tan is the same as the API code in Table 1.1X. The Thickness is 46.99 mm, then
plot it in figure 1.1X then calculate D0/t to find the value of A. We get the value
of A is 0.0002.

Figure 1.2X. Illustration on the design of ethylene storage tank

(Source: Asme BPVC Sect II)

Next we used figure 1.2X to find the values of B. By the figure, we get the value
of B is 20. Then we could calculate the maximum allowable pressure by
equation 1.1X
4 4 20
= = = 0.142 = 142 (1.1X)
3(0 ) 3 750
The maximum allowable pressure is already greater than the design pressure
which is 100 Kpa. So the chosen thickness for the shell of 46.99 mm is
acceptable.

Figure 1.3X. Illustration on the design of ethylene storage tank

(Source: ASME BPVC Sect II)

To calculate the plate diameter for the torisphercial head for external pressure,
We calculate it using ellipsoidal head calculation as the torispherical head
must be at least not lest than the thickness from ellipsoidal Head (ASME
BPVC Sec VIII). The Crown diameter of the head is taken as 80% the
diameter of the tank (ASME BPVC SEC VIII). Then calculate value of A by
using equation 1.2X. First, we assume the thickness of the head is 36mm.
0.125 0.125
= = = 2.4 105
0 12193
36
Due to very A falls at the left side of the equation, the following equaition is
used to calculate the maximum allowable pressure
0.0625 0.0625 193 103
= = = 0.105 = 105
(0 )2 24384 2
( )
2 36
The value of Pa is 105 Kpa which is greater than the designed pressure of 100 Kpa.
Table 1.4X. Ethylene Storage Tank

Specification Value
Content Ethylene
Design Temperature -105oC
Vapor Pressure 140 mbarg
Design Pressure 100 Kpa
Volume 2450 m3
Diameter 30.48 m
Height 12.192 m
Orientation Vertical
L/D 0.4
Top Head Torispherical Head
Bottom Head Torispherical Head
Inner Tank Material SA-240 Grade 316
Outer Tank Material Carbon Steel
Shell Thickness 46.99 mm
Top Head Thickness 36 mm
Bottom Head Thickness 36 mm

1.9.4. Water Storage Tank


The water that needed to be stored as a makeup water is assume to be 10% of
the water requirement. Thus the volume of the water tank required is 31.2 m3
or about 8200 galllons. The tank design will be following ASME CODE in table
1.5x.
Table 1.5X. API Standard tank side for <15,000 gallons

(Source: API Code)


Table 1.6X. Demineralized Water Storage Tank Specification

Specification Value
Content Demineralized Water
Design Temperature Ambient
Design Pressure 101 Kpa
Volume 31.2 m3
Diameter 3.08 m
Height 7.493 m
L/D 2.43
Top Head Flat Head
Bottom Head Flat Head
Tank Material Carbon Steel
Shell Thickness 6.25 mm
Top Head Thickness 6.25 mm
Bottom Head Thickness 6.25 mm

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