Manual Testing

Introduction
Warm-up

9 balls and a weighing scale

One ball is heavier than the
other 8
Find the heavier ball using
minimum number of weighings
Warm-up

Need any hints?

...
You only need 2 weighs
Start with groups of three
IT Market - Romania, 2017

Romania, 13th position

Skills and lower costs
20.000 IT&C companies
100 large players
12.000 new open positions annually
IT Market - Romania, 2017

Estimated number of IT professionals

Romania - 110.000
Poland - 100.000
Ukraine - 90.000
IT Market - Romania, 2017

QA Market (percent of national)

Bucharest - 47%
Cluj - 27%
Iasi - 9%
IT Market - Romania, 2017

Gross, monthly, euros

IT Market - Romania, 2017

Pay depends on technology and number

of talents.
Company change or level upgrade brings
raises around 30%.
IT Market - Romania, 2017
IT Market - Romania, 2017

Attractive employers

Friendly environment Secure jobs

Flexible working time Challenging projects
Training programs Fast promotion opportunities
Good reputation Creative environment
Organization

The system being produced will tend to

have a structure that mirrors the structure
of the group that is producing it!
Organization
Assumption Reality

Software development NEVER ENDING set of

means repeating a series decisions which are
of steps using specific executed by every
processes, no conflict individual on the team,
expectations, good leading to missed delivery
engineering. goals and ambiguity.
Organization
Several projects, different engineering teams

How is this tied to a whole structure?

Project format
Functional format
Project format

Development people are grouped based on the

project they work.
Engineers are part of the project from beginning
until completion.
Functional format

Development people are grouped based on the

functional staff they belong to.
Individuals are moved from one project to another
based on current needs, performing on different
phases of the project.
Organization key roles

Project Manager
organises resources in order to make sure that
delivery goals are completed.
Organization key roles

Development Manager
manages the development team considering technical
responsibilities.
Organization key roles

Team Leader
making sure that the team is delivering software
according to expected standards.
Organization key roles

Business Analyst
responsible for defining new features and project
scope.
Organization key roles

QA Manager
in charge of assigning and scheduling testing tasks, set
up the quality standards, specifications and
procedures.
Organization key roles

Developer
in charge for the solution implementation.
Organization key roles

Tester
ensure that the software meets the client
requirements, by performing specification
analysis, writing test plans and running tests.
Organization key roles

DevOps Engineer
manages the IT infrastructure required by
the implemented software.
Organization key roles

Support Engineer
responding to customer issues, as well as
troubleshooting them.
Software development life cycle

Requirement gathering and analysis

Design
Implementation or coding
Testing
Deployment
Maintenance
SDLC gone wrong
Software testing life cycle

Requirement Analysis
Test Planning
Test Case Development
Environment Setup
Test Execution
Test Closure Activities (reporting, evaluation)
What means testing?

Activity that validates the fact that the

current functionality of a product is
according to the requirements provided by a
customer.
What means testing?

Testing is made to find information. Critical

decisions will be made based on this
information.
Why is it important?

Bugs can be expensive and dangerous, lots

of examples in history.
Epic bugs

1962 - $18.5 million lost when

NASA's Mariner spacecraft
blasted off 4:55 minutes after
take off.
Epic bugs

1990 - AT&T lost $60 million, long

distance service down due to relay
switches software update.
Epic bugs

1994 - Intel lost $475 million

due to bad math calculations.
Epic bugs

1998 - NASA lost $125

million, different units
of measurement for
Mars Climate Orbiter.
Epic bugs

1985 - changing a radiation therapy tool

mode caused unfiltered X-rays to be sent to
patients, causing deaths.
Epic bugs

1991 - 28 soldiers died

when Patriot missile
failed to intercept Iraqi
Scud missile due to bad
time accuracy.
Why bugs appear

Frequent software changes

Incomplete or inexistent requirements
Low testing skills
Lack of experience
Software complexity
Communication gaps
Timelines
Bug prevention

If you understand bugs, there is

no need to fight them!
Bug prevention

Improved communication
Close requirement tracking
Demo of small software pieces
Unit testing
Who is the tester?

Role of a tester goes beyond just testing and

finding bugs.
Responsible of the test process, it works with all
parts involved in the project in order to build and
improve the software.
Who is the tester?

Testers should light the way for all the parts involved
in a project - where they are, what obstacles are
ahead, how close is the finish line.
Who is the tester?

Your clients:
Project manager
Programmer
Technical writer
Technical support
THE USER
Who is the tester?

The person who focuses on failure in order to help the

customer focus in making the product more
successful.
Who is the tester?

A tester is more than a tourist. He is there to evaluate

the product, not witnessing it.
Think like a tester

Testers think differently!

Think like a tester

Testing is in your head: your choices, your ability to

interpret evidences, your storytelling skills.
Be a good tester by thinking like one, not looking
like one.
Think like a tester

Great testers are thinking creatively, practically,

critically and technically. Learn to think that things
may not be as they seem.
Think like a tester

You need to explore in order to test. Work with it, get

into it. Exploring it involves a lot of thinking: forward,
backward and lateral.
Testing principles

Testing shows the presence of bugs

Exhaustive testing is impossible
Early testing
Defect clustering
The pesticide paradox
Testing is context dependent
Absence of errors fallacy
EXPLORATORY TESTING
Exploratory testing
Exploratory testing

When to use it
How to use it
Challenges
Exploratory testing

The toaster is not

working anymore. How
will you approach this
issue?

PS: User manual lost :)

Exploratory testing

Lets move to software now. Considering

that there are no requirements for the
following Print Dialog, please write down the
most important tests you would perform.
Collaboration Platform

EDMODO.COM
Collaboration Platform

Groups management
Share resources
Assignments and quizzes
Easy collaboration
Practice time!
Practice session

http://practica.wantsome.ro/blogv1/
Practice session

Exploratory testing for the

REGISTRATION flow on our practice
blog without any requirements
available.
Practice session

Happy testing!
Assignment

Exploratory testing for

login and logout flows!
Assignment

Exploratory testing report

to be provided as
deliverable.
Assignment

New quiz will be added

until EOD today to
Edmodo.com
Questions?