-
:
24 ()
12
P 400 ()
().
R 900
2-
1. ................................................................................................ 1
2. .............................. 3
3. ....................................... 7
4. ................................................................. 8
5. - ........... 9
......................................................................................... 10
1.
10 50 .
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. (
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. 2000 ...
3000 ,
.
2.
R (
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, (. 1),
- .
. 1
H 250 , 800
6
(
)
2 18
9
4 sin ( )
.
0.25 < L < 0.65 .
0.25 6
L 11 0.65 7.8
. 2
r
0.25 ... 0,75 , n = ... 8.
r 0.6
n 8
, ( 2 ...
5 ).
r 0.003
r, .. ,
, ,
:
n
r
r r n r 0.401
r
(
)
W 120 ln 1
L
W 277.33
r
,
l / , K d K l.
.
39 210 0.2
120 280 0.3
200 510 0.4 .
200 90 0.5
R11 120 X11 285 l 0.6
88 200 0.7
150 300 0.8
240 700 0.9
262 700 1
- ,
.
vs cspline l R11 vv cspline l X11
q ( l) interp vs l R11 l
qq ( l) interp vv l X11 l
l 0.2 0.21 1
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
R11
140
q ( l) 120
100
0.25 X11 80
60
0.25 qq ( l)
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
l l l l
. 3
l / ,
L
l l 0.917
L
l l 0.611
L
l l 0.458
R11
.
R11 q ( l) R11 251.039
R11 q ( l) R11 112.095
R11 q ( l) R11 212.611
X11 qq ( l) X11 733.575
X11 qq ( l) X11 301.314
X11 qq ( l) X11 308.327
, R11 X11 ,
R12 12.
,
, .
. Mathcad
10, ,
.
R12 kl = 45o, 60o, 75o, 90o, 105o, 120o, 135o, 150o.
j 0 7
k 0 9
Q l kd interp v l kd RRR12 l kd
RRR1_2 RRR12
T
220
190
160
130
100
Q l kd
70
RRR1_2
l k
40
10
20
50
80
0 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720
. 4 kd kdk
L
kl 2
kl 5.76
kl
kl_ kl_ 330
deg
L
kl 2
kl 3.84
kl
kl_ kl_ 220
deg
L
kl 2
kl 2.88
kl
kl_ kl_ 165
deg
2
kd 2 kd 9.425
kd
kd_ kd_ 540
deg
2
kd 2 kd 6.283
kd
kd_ kd_ 360
deg
2
kd 2 kd 4.712
kd
kd_ kd_ 270
deg
,
kl
_ 52.5
m floor m 18
15
kl_ 52.5
m floor m 11
15
kl_ 52.5
m floor m 7
15
.
R12 Q m kd_
R12
R12 Q m kd_ R12 19.791
R12 Q m kd_
R12 66.446
X12 kt = 45o, 60o, 75o, 90o, 105o, 120o, 135o, 150o.
18.5 19 6 23 60 95 110 120 20
4 5 11 8 15 17 17.5 18 60
3.9 9.8 19.6 36.6 53 72 86.7 96 160
2 2.6 5 3 1.8 0.1 2.2 3 240
2.6 4.6 11.2 20.1 29 34 52 58.3 320
X12 Kd
1.5 3.5 8 12.4 17 21 23.5 28 400
1.2 1.6 5.2 9 13.8 19.7 27.6 33 480
1.7 2.7 6.5 11.5 16.5 22 27.7 32.5 560
0.6 1.6 2.8 4 6 7.7 11.3 13.6 640
2 0.2 5 10.3 15.1 22 25.3 30.3 720
X12 kt = 165o, 180o, 195o, 210o, 225o, 240o, 255o, 270o.
100 70 25 17.4 43 43 17.5 29.2
26 38 52 53.6 40 32 22 10.1
94.5 90 77 65 48 42 42 51
2 2.6 5 3 1.8 0.1 18.4 29
63.1 61.7 54.8 44.8 31.7 12.8 6.9 1.5
XX12
26 22.5 12 12.4 6.6 4.6 5.1 12.5
38.6 38 36.2 30.2 22.5 13.4 2.8 6.1
35.2 33.8 31.4 22.4 15.3 6.7 2.4 0.7
21.5 21.8 22.2 18 16 11.9 5.6 2.6
34 34 30.1 23.9 18 12.6 3.8 0.3
XXX12 augment X12 XX12
- ,
.
vv l cspline Kd XXX12 l
kd 20 21 721
QQ l kd interp vv l Kd XXX12 l kd XXX1_2 XXX12 T
130
110
90
70
50
QQ l kd 30
10
XXX1_2
l k
10
30
50
70
90
110
0 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720
kd Kdk
. 5
.
X12 QQ m kd_ X12
X12 QQ m kd_
X12 36.061
X12 QQ m kd_ X12 34.102
, R
X .
R R11 R12 R
R R11 R12 R 92.305
R R11 R12 R 279.057
X X11 X12 X
X X11 X12 X 337.375
X X11 X12 X 274.225
Z_
R
i
W
sin 2 kl
2 2 R 2
R
2
2
sin kl sin kl
2 2
W W
Z_
Z_
R
i
W
sin 2 kl
2 2 R 2
R
2
2
sin kl sin kl
2 2
W W
Z_ 176.169 260.63i
Z_
R W
i
sin 2 kl
2 2 R 2
R
2 2
sin kl sin kl
2 2
W W
Z_ 258.51 64.227i
.
.
. , ,
, - .
W , .. W
= R ( ) .
, .
,
.
, ,
.
.
3 ... 6 ;
225 ... 450 .
a 0.005 D 0.25
(. 6)
D
W2 276 log W2 468.916
a
. 6
d1 = d2 = d (. 7),
d 0.25 d1 d d2 d d2
W4 138 log
d2
2
a 1
d1
2
W4 213.687
. 7
R ,
,
R W.
, .
.
700/350 2 700/350;
- 4 340/208, 4 600/300.
, (
W R ) .
(W = 600, 300 )
(W = 300, 208 ) .
W 208 .
Re Z_ W Im Z_
2 2
Re Z_ W 2 Im Z_ 2
Re Z_ W Im Z_
2 2
0.566
Re Z_ W 2 Im Z_ 2
Re Z_ W Im Z_
2 2
0.174
Re Z_ W 2 Im Z_ 2
.
1
1
1
0.277
1
1
0.704
1
,
0.3 ... 0.5.
, ,
.
l (10 ... 100
)
l 10
K1 1.2
K1 = 1.05 ... 1.35
7
5 10 /
.
96 K1
3
1.846 10 /
2 a W
l
2
1 2 e 8.69
0.992
l
4
1 2
e
8.69
P
120
R
E E /
2 n a
,
2 2
E a W
P P
3600
; ( = 0 = 90)
= 0.
( - )
. KB
,
.
.
, , ,
, .
KB
.
.
0.01
F ( )
cos kl cos ( ) cos kl
1 cos kl sin ( )
0.8
0.6
F ( )
0.4
0.2
0
3.142 2.618 2.094 1.571 1.047 0.524 0 0.524 1.047 1.571 2.094 2.618 3.142
. 8
90
120 1 60
0.75
150 30
0.5
0.25
F ( ) 180 0 0
210 330
240 300
270
.9
,
, 90 (-)
0.01
F ( ) sin 2 sin ( )
0.8
0.6
F ( )
0.4
0.2
0
3.142
2.618
2.094 1.571 1.047
0.524 0 0.524 1.047 1.571 2.094 2.618 3.142
. 10
90
120 60
0.8
150 0.6 30
0.4
0.2
F ( ) 180 0
210 330
240 300
270
.11
, ,
0 (-)
cos 2 L cos ( ) cos 2 L sin 2 sin ( )
F1 ( )
1 cos 2 L sin ( )
0.3
0.25
0.2
F1 ( ) 0.15
0.1
0.05
0
3.142 2.618 2.094 1.571 1.047 0.524 0 0.524 1.047 1.571 2.094 2.618 3.142
. 12
90
120 60
0.2
150 30
0.1
F1 ( ) 180 0 0
210 330
240 300
270
. 13
D0
0.65
(
0.5 ...0.8.
2
120 1 cos 2
2
L ( 1 )
D0 D0 11.039
R
-
A .
A = 0,9 ... 0,7.
0.8
-
0.793
, 4L,
, .
, 1.56 L,
.
.