A Novel Switching Control Strategy in SVM Based

Dual Three-Phase Current and Voltage Source

Inverters for Two Dissimilar Motors
Gatta Nagarjuna, Jabeen Hamza.N, and Dr.S.N.Deepa
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Anna University, Regional centre,
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
nagped@gmail.com

Abstract The space vector modulation (SVM) of nine-switch
inverter and nine-switch z-source network is proposed in this
paper. The proposed scheme increases the sum of modulation
indices up to 15% in difference with the conventional. In this
scheme the sum of modulation indices is identical or less than one.
The multi level converters are used to decrease the switching
pattern losses, but the total third harmonic distortion (THD)
increases with increasing the levels. The nine-switch Z-source
inverter is used in this proposed scheme, it minimizes the THD,
boost up the voltage and reduces the voltage fluctuations. The Z-
source Current and voltage source inverters model is designed
with two dissimilar three-phase speed control motors like
asynchronous and permanent magnet motors by changing in
terms of switches. The speed is adjustable by varying the
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM).
Index Terms Current Source Inverter (CSI), Nine-Switch
Inverter, Nine-Switch Z-Source Inverter, Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM), Space-Vector Modulation (SVM), Voltage
Source Inverter (VSI).
I. INTRODUCTION
vector modulation (SVM) algorithm has been presented for the
proposed inverter. The SVM is based on conventional CSI and
nine-switch voltage-source inverter space vector modulations.
The input DC current of the proposed inverter is shared
between two outputs. Consequently the maximum output
currents for the proposed inverter are less than the single output
of a conventional CSI. Actually the inverter model comprises 6
pulse PWM control for switching the devices and control
output voltage. The power quality, power factor are less and
THD is more. The Z-source CSI model is designed Z-source
CSI with dual 3-phase speed control motors by changing in
terms of current switches. The speed is adjustable by varying
the SPWM and its controls the output current. The same model
is also projected to VSI and varies the output voltage by SPWM
control. Therefore the speed at dual three-phase motor is
controlled. The current-type z-source network acts as current
DC/DC boost converter. The z-source network was proposed as
a voltage boost converter .Single output z-source CSIs are
developed and analyzed.

T his paper has two dual output current-type inverters are II. SYSTEM DESIGN
proposed. These inverters have been called a current A. Nine-Switch Inverter
source nine-switch inverter and a current-type z-source nine- The structure of the proposed nine-switch inverter consists
switch inverter. The proposed inverters have two independent of two three-phase inverters combined with three common
current source outputs. Compared to two independent current switches (UM, VM, and WM). The upper portion in Fig.1 is
source inverters, the proposed converters are implemented with called Inv1, and the lower part is called Inv2.
fewer semiconductor switches. Space vector modulation (SVM)
is proposed for these converters. Simulation results show the
validity and performance of the proposed inverters. Current
source inverters (CSIs) are used in many high and medium
power industrial applications. The CSI has the advantage of
indirect output short-circuit protection. In addition, it has a low
output harmonic because of its output capacitors. In many
industrial applications, there is a need to power two AC loads at
the same time. The conventional method of controlling two AC
loads is to use two separate inverters. This method increases
both the cost and volume. This inverter was used as an AC/AC
converter where two back to back inverters were used
conventionally. The nine-switch inverter has three less switches
than dual inverters. The proposed inverter is based on a voltage
source nine-switch inverter (VS-NSI). In addition, a space Fig.1: Main circuit of proposed nine-switch inverter

978-1-4673-6150-7/13/$31.00 2013 IEEE 1120

 Inv1 consists of switches UH, VH, WH, UM, VM, and WM, However, the Z-source inverter has one extra zero vector
and Inv2 consists of the switches UM, VM, WM, UL, VL, and (state) for boosting voltage that is called shoot-through vector.
WL.A pulse-width modulator (PWM) generates gate signals In this state, load terminals are shorted through both the upper
for Inv1 and Inv2. and lower devices of any one phase leg, any two phase legs, or
all three phase legs.
B. Nine-Switch Converter Topology
The inductors design and capacitor selection are explained
Fig.2 shows the proposed three-phase nine-switch converter below.
topology. This converter has three legs with three switches per
leg. The novelty of this converter is that the middle switch in 1) Inductor: The voltage across the inductor is the
each of the three converter legs is shared by the rectifier and difference between the input voltage and the capacitor voltage.
inverter, thereby reducing the switch count by 33% and 50% in The average current through the inductor is
comparison to the back-to-back converter and matrix
converter, respectively. (1)
The input power is delivered to the output partially through
the middle three switches and partially through a quasi dc link Where P is the total power and is the input voltage. The
circuit. For the convenience of discussion, we can consider that maximum shoot-through duty cycle can be calculated by
the rectifier of the nine-switch converter is composed of top 1
three and middle three switches whereas the inverter consists (2)
1 2
of middle three and bottom three switches.
The converter has two modes of operation: 1) constant The capacitor voltage during that condition is
frequency (CF) mode, where the output frequency of the
inverter is constant and also the same as that of the utility (3)
supply while the inverter output voltage is adjustable, and 2) 2
variable frequency (VF) mode, where both magnitude and To keep the current ripple less than 120 A, the inductance must
frequency of the inverter output voltage are adjustable. be no less than

(4)

For a single coil on one core, the flux through the core is
= PNi (5)
Where P is a constant related to the core material and
dimension, N is the number of turns of the coil, is the flux
linked through the core and i is the current through the coil.
The inductance of the coil is

(6)

For two coils on one core with exactly the same current, i, the
flux through the core is
= 2PNi (7)
Fig.2: Proposed nine-switch ac/ac converter with a quasi-dc link. The resulting inductance of each coil when supplying exactly
the same current to the two coils is
C. Z-Source Inverter
The Z-source network was used as front-end boost converter 2 (8)
for a conventional inverter. The Z-source inverter is shown in
Fig.3. 2) Capacitor: The purpose of the capacitor is to absorb
the current ripple and maintain a fairly constant voltage so as
to keep the output voltage sinusoidal can be roughly calculated
by

(9)

To limit the capacitor voltage ripple to 3% at peak power, the

required capacitance is

Fig.3: Voltage-type Z-source inverter

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 (10) The underlying theory behind space vector modulation is to
apply space vectors as illustrated in Fig.5 for varying time
Another function of the capacitor is to absorb the ripple periods in a pattern based on the SVM. Six space vectors can
current. The power factor of the load is a necessary value for be obtained in a three phase system through six different
the program. For induction machines, the power factor at high combinations of open and closed switches in the inverter
power is usually fairly high, so 0.9 was used for the shown in Fig4. Only one switch may be closed per phase leg in
calculation. Using these numbers, the rms ripple current order to prevent a short circuit. The space vectors represent the
through the capacitor was 111 A at peak power. Electronic complex d-q voltage applied to the stator.
Concepts UL31 500-V/200-uF film capacitors were selected,
with two connected in parallel to form one conceptual
capacitor in the Z-source inverter.
III. METHODOLOGY
A. Space-Vector Modulation (SVM)
The space-vector Modulation (SVM) is quite different from
the PWM methods with PWMs, the inverter can be thought of
as three separate push-pull driver stages, which create each
phase wave form independently. The control strategies are
implemented in digital systems. The 30, 60, and 120 Fig.5: Space vector d, q-axis locations and their corresponding closed switch
discontinuous modulation techniques as well as continuous
SVM with active pulses centered in each half-carrier cycle C. Modulation Schemes
were implemented using basic SVM theory.
1) Switching Constraint : The reduction of the number of
B. SVM Implementation switches in the proposed converter topology imposes certain
This paper investigates four space vector modulation switching constraints for the switching pattern design. In the
algorithms conventional with active vectors placed in the back-to-back converter, the rectifier leg voltage VAN, which is
middle of the half-cycle of the carrier and the 30, 60, and the voltage at note A with respect to the negative dc bus N, can
120 discontinuous modulation algorithms. be controlled by switches S1and S2 in the rectifier, while the
The amplitude of stator voltage, V is to be maintained as inverter leg voltage VXN can be controlled by S3and S4 in the
s, inverter shown in Fig.6.
460*sqrt (2/3) V on each phase for rated operation as below. This means that the rectifier and inverter leg voltages can be
ln
controlled independently. The back-to-back converter topology
3 1
V V (11) has four switching states per phase as defined in Table1.
2 sin
3
TABLE.I
This relation is due to the limit of averaging the two nearest SWITCHING STATES AND CONVERTER LEG VOLTAGES
space vectors at phases

k (12)
6 3

With the input voltage as defined in (1), the peak inverter

output voltage at each phase cannot exceed 460*sqrt (2/3).
k
The voltage source inverter is modeled with ideal switches
(e.g. Ta1, Ta2, Tb1, Tb2, Tc1 and Tc2) and an infinitely stiff voltage
source at the inverter input terminals, across the inverter input
terminals to be infinite. The inverter is pictured in Fig.4 below.

Fig. 4: Ideal three phase inverter

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 In fact, the inverter output voltage can be higher than that of The maximum modulation indices, mr and mi , of the
the rectifier input voltage due to the boost nature of the rectifier and inverter must be limited to 0.5. In this case, the dc
rectifier.Fig.6.Illustrates the carrier based sinusoidal PWM voltage of the converter is twice of the rated dc voltage.
scheme for the nine-switch converter. However, with the constant frequency operation, the dc voltage
of the converter can be tightly controlled and maintained at
around its rated value.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
A. System Design Specifications
Source voltage ( ) = 400V
Total Power (P) = 79200W
Ripple Current (IL) = 132A
Switching Frequency ( ) = 10K Hz
Z-Source Inverter Parameters:
Inductance (L) = 46.2 H
Capacitance (C) = 384 F
Fig.6: PWM waveform generation, where switching state 4 of the back-to- TABLE II
back converter is eliminated PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR

2) Modulation Scheme for CF Operation Mode: Fig.7.

Parameter Symbol Value
Illustrates the modulation scheme for CF mode of operation,
where mrandmi are the rectifier and inverter modulation
indices for dc voltage and inverter output voltage adjustment, Stator Phase Resistance 2.8750
Inductances 8.510 H
respectively. The gate signals are generated by comparing the 8.510 H
rectifier and inverter sinusoidal modulating waveforms to a Flux Linkages 0.175V.S
common triangular carrier wave. Voltage Constant 126.966Krpm
Torque Constant 1.05N.M
Inertia J 0.810 Kg.M
Friction Factor F 110 N.M.S
Pole Pair P 4

TABLE III
ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Parameter Symbol Value

Nominal power 3730V.A

Voltage 460V
Frequency 60Hz
Fig.7: Modulation scheme for CF mode of operation Stator Resistance 1.115
3) Modulation Scheme for VF Operation Mode: The Stator Inductances 0.005974H
Rotor Resistance 1.083
modulation scheme for the VF mode of operation is shown in Rotor Inductance 0.005974H
Fig.8. Mutual Inductance M 0.2037H
Inertia J 0.02Kg.M
Friction Factor F 0.005752N.M.S
Pole Pair P 2

In the above tables P=Power, V=Voltage, Hz=Hertz, H=Henry, Kg=Kilogram,

N.M=Newton Meter, S=Second.

B. Simulink Model of Nine-Switch CSI

The simulink model is developed for the proposed inverter.
The current-type Z-Source network is used as a current DC/DC
boost converter. In this simulation the switch is realized with
Fig. 8: Modulation scheme for VF mode of operation MOSFET and diode.

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 Repeating Repeating
Sequence 2 Sequence 3

Scope 2

Scope 1

Scope 3

>= 1
Sine Wave Out 1
Relational
Operator NOT

Logical == NOT 2
Operator
Out 2
Relational Logical
Operator 2 Operator 3
NOT

Logical
Operator 1
<= 3
Out 3
Relational
Operator 1 Fig.12: Simulation results of stator current, electromagnetic torque, rotor
angle, rotor speed and stator voltage of asynchronous motor
Fig. 9: Simulink model of Pulse generator for nine-switch current and voltage
source inverter D. Simulink Model of nine-switch VSI
The VSI model can also be obtained from the CSI model by
By using this circuit we can reduce the number of connecting the diode in series to the MOSFET. The above
semiconductor switching pattern. The figure 9 represents the figure 9 represents the Simulink model of pulse generator for
simulink model of pulse generator for nine-switch current and nine switch voltage source inverter. The simulation results of
voltage source inverters. The simulation parameters are listed nine switch voltage source inverter using
in above. MATLAB/SIMULINK tool are obtained. The output values of
The simulation results of nine switch current source inverter stator current, stator voltage, rotor current, rotor voltage, rotor
using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool are obtained. The nine speed, rotor angle, electromagnetic torque, line-line voltages
pulses and the output values of stator current, stator voltage, are shown in the following figures.
rotor current, rotor voltage, rotor speed, rotor angle,
electromagnetic torque, line-line voltages are shown in the
following figures.

Fig.13. Simulation results of output voltage and line-to-line voltages of three

phases for z-source network
Fig.10. Simulation results of output voltage and line-to-line voltages of three
phases for z-source network

Fig.14: Simulation results of rotor current, stator current, rotor speed,

Fig.11: Simulation results of rotor current, stator current, rotor speed,
electromagnetic torque and rotor angle of permanent magnet motor
electromagnetic torque and rotor angle of permanent magnet motor

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z-source nine- switch inverter can also boost the input current.
The number of semiconductor switches is reduced in this
model which in turn reduces cost. This model has a wide
application in variable frequency and high power inverters.
By changing the diode connection in current type nine-
switch inverter using dissimilar three phase motors model,
voltage source inverter model of new simplified form is
obtained.
The proposed SVMs were simulated for both nine-switch
inverter and nine-switch z-source inverter. The performance of
the proposed SVMs was verified using MATLAB simulation.
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