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Declaration
The undersigned student, declare that this report is an original work and has not been presented
in any other university, and that all sources of materials used for the report have been duly
acknowledged.
Student
Name Signature
Ephrem Beyene
Advisor
Name Signature
Feysel Nesru
Acknowledgement
First and for most I would like to thank God for everything he did for me. And next Unity
University and the department of civil and mining engineering for giving me the chance to see
and correspond what is theoretical with that of the actual practice at site. My gratitude also goes
to MGM CONSULT, the supervisors, the site engineers, other stuff members and all workers for
helping me in everything I needed, giving me advice and sharing their knowledge willingly
especially Mr. TEWODROS.
Finally, I would like to thank my mentor Mr. FEYSEL NESRU, for his kindly cooperation and
advice throughout the internship period.
Summary
I have been working in the construction company for the past four months. & this
internship program has increased my practical knowledge on the construction management field
plus it helped me to develop the practical skills that I should have in order to become a
competent engineer in the practical world.
The final report covers the overall things I have covered through the four-month internship
while staying in MGM CONSULT. Since I have been working in the office and site I have tried
to list down all the tasks that I have been accomplishing & also I have tried to give the brief
history, the mission, the current location & the organizational structure of MGM CONSULT.
So on the part of the overall experience, I briefly write especially the office work which I
have been doing and what I have seen & learnt from the office. As we all know this internship
encourage not only your practical & theoretical skills but also many things like developing your
communication skills, team playing skills, leadership skills, work ethical related issues and
practical skills. Throughout this internship program I was able to develop those skills too.
List of figures
Fig. 1.1 projects done by the company ........................................................................................... 3
Fig 2.1 Footing pad excavation ....................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.2 Reinforcement of footing pad. ....................................................................................... 7
Fig 2.3: concrete casting for footing pad ....................................................................................... 7
Fig 2.4: Back fill ............................................................................................................................. 8
Fig 2.5: Bar Bender ( ferayo.) ....................................................................................................... 12
Fig 2.6: Foundation column (footing column) .............................................................................. 13
Fig 2.7: Grade beam ...................................................................................................................... 14
Fig 2.8 Elevation column .............................................................................................................. 16
Fig 2.9 Hard Core ......................................................................................................................... 19
Fig 2.10 Suspended slab & bar arrangement ................................................................................ 19
Fig 2.11 Fixing of formwork ........................................................................................................ 22
Fig 2.12 Typical takeoff sheet ...................................................................................................... 23
Fig 2.13 Bar schedule ................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2.14, slab analysis excel template...................................................................................... 27
Figure 2.15, meanings of a,b and c. .............................................................................................. 27
Figure 2.16, stair design template. ................................................................................................ 28
Figure 2.17, ETABS 9.7.4 window............................................................................................... 29
Figure 2.18- Earthquake parameters calculation .......................................................................... 30
Figure 2.19, Typical floor plan of building................................................................................... 31
Fig 4.1: block A, block B and block C building in 3D .................................................................. B
2.4.2.2.2Project I am assigned........................................................................................ 31
2.5 How I was performing my task ........................................................................................... 31
2.6 Challenges facing on the site ............................................................................................... 31
2.7 Measurements taken to overcome site challenges............................................................... 32
2.8 challenges I faced while designing the building ................................................................. 32
2.8.1 Remedial measures for building design challenges ...................................................... 33
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 33
Benefits I gained from the Internship ........................................................................................... 33
3.1 Practical Skills ..................................................................................................................... 34
3.2 Theoretical Knowledge ....................................................................................................... 34
3.2.1Ms. Project ..................................................................................................................... 35
3.2.2 Cut logic ....................................................................................................................... 35
3.3 Interpersonal communication skills .................................................................................... 36
3.4 Team Playing Skills ............................................................................................................ 36
3.5 Leadership Skills ................................................................................................................. 37
3.6 Work Ethics Issues .............................................................................................................. 37
3.7 Entrepreneurship skills ........................................................................................................ 37
4. CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................................... 38
CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION ......................................................................... 38
4.1 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 38
4.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................. 39
References ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ A
CHAPTER ONE
1.2 Vision
To become the primary firm in the construction sector by executing projects in a safe and timely
manner to deliver outstanding results for its stake holders.
1.3 Mission
To design and supervise quality buildings, roads, bridges and others with proficiency that meet
the required standards by creating strong links with in the construction industry to produce and
supply industrial products necessarily in building construction both for national and international
markets through strong manpower and begin to undertake projects at an international level.
1.4 Main objectives
Play active developmental role in the construction sector
Expanding into the design of railways and bridges
Establishing joint- venture investment projects with various international companies with
emphasis on construction related areas.
Attaining high levels of professional and technical efficiency while keeping pace with the eve
revolving technological advances in the industry.
MGM Consult provides consultancy services for Consultations, Investigations, Design, Contract
Administration and Supervision, Calculation, Preparation of Economic and Technical reports of
civil work projects.
A comprehensive range of services are offered in the following sectors:
Building Engineering
Road Engineering
Bridge Engineering
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Department of Civil Engineering 1 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC
Contract Administration
Hydraulic Engineering
MGM offers its clients the benefits of its CAD service providing AutoCAD capabilities with the
use of various design soft-wares. The CAD, ARCHICAD, Eagle point & SDR Mapping
Technology is used in all facets including the drafting and design of buildings, roads & bridges.
The structural design for all building and bridges is performed using advanced software packages
such as SAP2000 V14, ETABS Non-linear Version 9.01, Auto-STAAD pro and a systematic use
of Excel-2010 spread sheet in post processing to ensure maximum safety, economy and
reliability.
1.5 Companys Organizational Structure and Work flow
Any companys success highly depends on the organization of the staff and proper management.
The design team consists of professional engineers who are hardworking, driven and dedicated to
every project they are assigned to. MGM has a core team of senior executives with over 10 years
of experience. MGM has a clearly defined hierarchy that has proven to be efficient. The resident
engineers and site supervisors take full responsibility of the projects they are assigned to. They
execute decisions with absolute confidence. They have a work ethic that creates a harmonic
relation with contractors and clients. These and other factors assure the companys success
throughout the years.
Ensuring our personnel & affiliated companies are properly trained so they are better able
to serve our customers.
To develop, implement and improve ISO 9000 quality management system in design &
construction service in 2016
CHAPTER TWO
A. Site work
B. Office work
A. Site work
In the site work practically I observe site clean, setting out, earth and excavating work, structural
works i.e. (footing pad, footing column, beam and elevation column), masonry work, hard core
work, suspended slab working, checking and supervising concrete ratio/mix/ etc.
B. Office work
In the office work I have been work on different unit rate analysis such as:
- Takeoff analysis
- Site diary
- Reports
- Preparation Schedule
- Checking balance of material in bar schedule
-read contract document, proposals, etc
From each part of work, try to understand some basic working principle and some relation
between data collector and office engineer.
After this excavation lean concrete setting and footing pad I observed. In my site they use
C-5 for lean concrete and form work for footing pad
Reinforcement of footing pad and setting out of foundation.
In my site they use diameter 14mm and 12mm by 120 mm c/c distance bar for footing
pad reinforcement and diameter 20mm.The foundation column must set in the center of
footing pad and align each other.
layers not exceeding 20 cm thick. Well compaction is necessary because reduces voids, approve
strength [safe bearing capacity] of soil which creates safe condition for buildings. And fill area
under hard core with selected borrowed material.
Fills that are required at the site mostly are:
Fill around footing
Fill around masonry
Fill below hard core
It is good insulator
Easily molded into any shape
Water proof, if it properly mixed, vibrated, chiseled and plastered.
Two types of concrete are observable in my site
- Lean concrete
- Reinforced concrete
Lean concrete
Lean concrete is concrete of 5mm thick with class, C-5 with minimum cement content of
150kg/m3 of concrete. Approximately at ratio of 1:5:7. I have informed this kind of concrete
used under;
Footing pad
Grade beam
Floor slab
Masonry foundation
Retaining wall.
Advantages of Lean Concrete
It protects all sub-structure element from extra moisture
It acts like hard stratum
It prevents the soil particles that are present under sub-structure from any relative
movement.
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete is composite material made of concrete and steel. Plain concrete possesses
high compressive strength, but little tensile strength which makes it week in bending, shear,
torsion. use C-30 for shear wall and column and C-25 for beams, floor slabs, retaining walls and
foundation. The ratio of concrete in 1:2:3 (100kg, cement: two box of sand: three box of
aggregate) the size of box is 40x50x16 cm for C-30 and 40x50x18 cm for C-25.
Reinforced concrete is more advantageous than lean concrete because of its high strength in
both tension and compression. In RC the steel provides the tensile strength and concrete provides
the compressive strength.
The tensile stresses developed in the section are transferred to reinforcing steel by bond
between the interfaces of the two materials.
Reinforcing steel and concrete may work readily due to the following reasons;
- Bond between the bars and surrounding concrete prevents slip of the bars relative to
the concrete.
- Proper concrete mixes provide adequate impermeability of concrete against bar
corrosion
- Sufficiently similar rates of thermal expansion for the two materials introduce
negligible stresses between steel and concrete under temperature changes.
Concrete Mixing
Though mixing of materials is essential for the production of uniform concrete. The mixing
should ensure that the mass become homogenous, uniform in color and consistency. The design
of concrete mixtures (mix design) involves the determination of the most economical and
practical combination of ingredients to make the concrete workable in its plastic stage and to
make it develop the required qualities when hardened. Generally, a properly designed concrete
mix achieved three objectives. These are: workability of the fresh concrete, required quantities of
the hardened concrete and the economy.
There are two methods adopted for concrete mixing. These are:
Hand mixing _Practical for small scale concrete works
Machine mixing _ obviously it gives better and uniform mixes than hand mixing and
generally recommended.
It is seen from experiment that the strength of concrete will increase with increasing time of
mixing, but for mixing time beyond 2 min, the important in compression strength is not very
significant.
Materials
Water
Cement Portland cement is a finely ground material consisting primarily of compounds of lime,
silica, alumina, and iron. When mixed with water, it forms a paste which hardens and binds the
aggregate to form a hard durable mass called concrete. In my site they used ordinary Portland
cement (OPC), because the OPC have a good quality than (PPC).
Aggregates
Sand, gravel, and crushed stone are the aggregates most commonly used in concrete to provide volume
(as a filler material) at low cost. The selection of the aggregate to be used is very important in making
concrete. The characteristic of the aggregates greatly influence
- The properties
- Mix proportion
- Economy
Once the concrete arrives at the project site, it must be delivered to its final positions without
segregation. While placing the concrete, the compaction is done using a vibrator. The
compaction helps to avoid any void space and segregation. They place the mix of concrete in
appropriate amount to avoid difficulties in compaction.
Curing
The curing time may depend on concrete type, the type of the structural element and
environment of the working station. There are two setting times of concrete namely, initial
setting time and final setting time. The former one is setting time from placing of concrete up to
dismantling of the formwork. It is 24 hrs for columns and beams. The final setting time is the
time from dismantling of formwork to the final setting of concrete. It is 7 days for columns and
beams and 21 days for slabs.
Footing pad is a part of foundation work and it is used to transfer the load coming from
superstructure to the ground.
A. Before casting
conformity of the formwork with approved formwork design
cleanliness, smoothness and treatment with release agent for the surface of formwork
conformity with the approved formwork design i.e. dimension, shape, strength, method
of fixing, rigidity, bracing detail and method of removing the formwork
reinforcement diameter, number and overlap length (40 times diameter of the
reinforcement) should be cheeked
position of overlap of reinforcement as per the design
stirrup spacing should be cheeked
check provision of spacer (type, shape, dimension, spacing and method of fixing it to
maintain the required concrete cover)
check stock balance (volume of required material for the required concrete volume)
man power
equipment
B. During casting
A. cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries
B. the appropriate use of vibrator
C. cheek the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself
D. Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the
concrete travel...)
C. After casting
cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (16 hr)
proper curing (7days)
cheek if there is segregation
check if there is bulging of the beam
maintenance and handling of executed works
stock balance should be checked (that means the quality and quantity of the materials
required to execute the required concrete volume)
Here I Would like to show you a typical elevation column before it is casted and after the
formwork is prepared
B. during casting
cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries
the appropriate use of vibrator
cheek the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself
Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete
travel from the mixing station to the casting station etc...)
C. after casting
cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (16 hr)
proper curing (7days)
cheek if there is segregation
D. Hard core and ground floor slab working
Hard core: -When back fill is done under hard core, hard core us 250mm thick basaltic stone
well rolled consolidate and blinded with crushed stone. Almost the back fill done at site is by
material excavated from site
.
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Department of Civil Engineering 18 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC
Here in our site there is: solid slab and we use solid slab only at the whole part of the building.
Methodology
the vertical wooden supports for the beam and for precast assembled in place with
sufficient spacing (0.5-1m)
put the reinforcement (meshes and the main beam reinforcement as per the design)
Execute the necessary works such as sanitary, electric, etc... works
then we can cast the slab with thickness as per the design
B. during casting
C. after casting
A. Before casting
submittal of form work design
conformity with approved formwork design: dimension, shape, strength, method of
fixing, rigidity, bracing detail, detail for false work, method of removing the form of
detail at joints (slab thickness waist)
submittals of shop drawing showing diameter, spacing, number, lengths, method of tying
and bending dimension of main reinforcement bar in accordance with the drawing
cleanliness of all reinforcement bars (free from dirt, paint, oil, rust and other foreign
substance)
reinforcement overlap location and length to be as shown in the drawing
attention for position of the reinforcement in cantilever section (presence of bar
fixer(kebeleto) during placing of concrete for correction and positioning of reinforcement
during placing of concrete)
provision of PVC pipes on the outlet position of the toilet seats to avoid further chiseling
type of material to be used for form work
method used to treat the formwork to prevent adherence of concrete (coating with oil or
any other release agent)
cheek whether or not the effect of cambering is considered
Check the entire sanitary, electrical etc... works that are executed in that particular slab
B. During casting
cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries
the appropriate use of vibrator
Cheek the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself (way of mixing, way of placing ....)
Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete
travel...)
C. After casting
cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (after 28 days for bottom supports
and after 16hr for side supports)
proper curing (21days)
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Department of Civil Engineering 20 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC
removed, the concrete surface shall be exposed, where necessary in order to ascertain that the
concrete has sufficiently hardened.
Tolerances- formwork shall be constructed that the internal dimensions are within the
permissible tolerance specified by the designer.
1 2 3 Description
Concerete work in ribbed slab Foundation
1. C25 concerete in footing pads
F2( 1.5x1.5x0.35)
3 1.5
1.5
0.35
2.3625 m3 in F2
F3( 1.7x1.7x0.45)
6 1.7
1.7
0.45
7.803 m3 in F3
Fig 2.12 Typical takeoff sheet
The column with number 1 is called timising column and its used when the same types of
elements (same in terms of length, width and height) are encountered. Its purpose is to state how
many times the given quantity appears on the drawing.
The column with number two is called dimensioning column. And its function is to place what
we have taken off from the drawings in to the takeoff sheet. The internationally accepted
placement of dimensions is, First length, second width and third height or depth. (length and
width could be interchanged according to the interest of the quantity surveyor).
The column with number 3 is called squaring column. Here is the product of the first and and
second column are placed. (only product is allowed)
While using takeoff sheet the last column with heading Description is used when some form of
explanation is need to say, where the length, width or height come from, when some
mathematical operation like squaring or the square root of a number are taken, to place drawing
to be more explicitly and generally anything in the interest of the quantity surveyor that he/ she
thought is very descriptive of what is done. This column is frequently used by experienced
peoples to avoid confusion and to make inspection of errors very easy.
BAR SCHEDULE
Total length in meter for different diameter of bars
Number
Number
Length of of bars in
Location Dia. of bar Shape of bending of the RC 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm 14mm 16mm 20mm 24mm 32mm
one bar one
members
member
F2 12 1.9 8 3 45.6
F3 12 2.3 11 6 151.8
F4 12 2.3 16 3 110.4
Total length of bars(m) 0 0 0 307.8 0 0 0 0 0
Weight per meter length (kg/m) 0.22212 0.39488 0.617 0.88848 1.20932 1.57952 2.468 3.55392 6.31808
Total Weight of bars (kg) 0 0 0 273.4741 0 0 0 0 0
lengthy and repetitive procedures that are very difficult to put in the takeoff sheet format shown above are done
in bar schedule. Bar schedule is especially important while dealing with the rebar for different structural
elements.
In order to fill out the above table properly the following steps should be taken.
Identify the type bar present
Then calculate the number of bars present based on the spacing and the length on which
these bars are placed
Calculate on how many members these bars are present on a single floor system
Then calculate the total length by multiplying the total number of bars with the length of
single bar
Now based on predetermined conversion factor we can calculate the total mass of bar in
kilograms.
In general, the engineer is very experienced with many to give on the subject of structural
design and even construction technology. For the last 25 or 26 years he was working in
different engineering firms gaining both knowledge and wisdom. I was lucky enough to work
with him since my practical experience as a student is very limited.
The office he owns is a general consulting office working on structural Design, supervision and
when possible even construction. The office is found on B and C building around bole. The
office consists of a draftsman, structural Engineers and a construction manager. Each of which
is concerned with different tasks which I would explain later.
slabs their depth is determined by using serviceability criteria and EBCS-2-1995 provides
equation for this purpose.
= (0.4 + 0.6 (400 )) EBCS-2-1995 section 5.2.3
The width of beams most of the time is fixed between 200 to 300 mm and it is useful to
place rebar material and mostly it should give good aesthetical value.
The cross section of column is decided based on load it is supposed to carry from floors
above it. And it depends on the function of the building and the concrete grade it is
made from.
The general method for column is
i. Determine design load based on the weight of floor slabs and live loads
ii. Determine the tributary area of column by taking half the c/c column spacing in
all directions
iii. Once the tributary area and design load are obtained, multiply the tributary area
with the number of floors and design load to obtain the approximate design axial
load of the column. In this method eccentricity is neglected since we need to
obtain preliminary dimensions only.
iv. Once the design axial load is obtained, by dividing it with the design strength of
concrete we would obtain area of the column section. By assuming the column
to be square, circular we can obtain its side dimension or diameter.
3. Once the size of beam, column and slab are obtained we can proceed to design of slabs.
Slab design is done in a typical excel template which simplified the process. The
template looks like the figure below. The template is capable of analyzing and designing
rectangular and trapezoidal panels. All you have to do is provide the sides of the
rectangle or trapezoid.
4. Once the slab design is completed we will proceed with the design stairs. In the practical
design of stairs excel templates play a vital role. And the template looks like the figure
below
Once the stairs are designed and proportioned we will proceed with the next step.
5. Now we have all the data to proceed with the 3D modeling of the building in ETABS
9.7.4, which is commonly used in the current practice. The software is shown in the
figure below. Modeling should be carefully done since it represents the entire building
during different scenario. And any failure to do the model correct is every failure in
terms of output. And most experienced engineers have no problem with modeling.
6. Once the 3D model of the building is done different software parameters are feed by
either calculating them or from EBCS-2-1995 or EBCS-1-1995. For example, live loads
from EBCS-1-1995 and earthquake parameters calculations are shown below
3.2 Live Load
a) on Floor slab
2
Live load per Rib = 0.4m x 5.0kN/m = 2.0kN/m
2
q = 3.0kN/m ( for Restaurant)
2
Live load per Rib = 0.4m x 3.0kN/m = 1.20kN/m
2
q = 2.0kN/m ( for Bed rooms)
2
Live load per Rib = 0.4m x 2.0kN/m = 0.80kN/m
from EBCS -8
a 0 = 0.05 Z = 0.05
F b = Sd (T) W ZIC
Fb W
Rw
Sd (T)= a . b . g
a = a 0. I
=2.00
page # 29
1.2 S
C b 2 / 3 2.5 C = 0.075 (for RC moment resisting frames in SI
T units)
Once this data is feed and some parameters like p-delta and load combinations defined,
the analysis is run to obtain design axial load, bending moment, Shear force and even
torsion for different frame sections. (by default ETABS considers any section drawn
between two stories to be column and horizontally drawn members to be beam)
7. Once we have the output from ETBAS we will use Eurocode-2-2004 to design the frame
section in order to obtain the amount of reinforcement necessary each section.
8. From the reactions at the base obtained from ETABS we can design the foundation if
geotechnical investigation of the subsoil is available. Foundation design is done by using
excel templates. If it is ribbed mat the slab template shown in the figure above is used.
And if isolated footings are to be designed then we use separate template prepared for
this purpose.
9. After obtaining the result from ETABS, slab and stair design from excel, we can know
communicate with the draftsman to proceed with the detailing. The draftsman needs
the beam and column layout directly printed from ETABS to include it in the layout. And
in turn he would give us a printed out preliminary detailing with fake rebar spacing but
accurate rebar length. and we would adjust the fake spacing to make it same with the
calculated values.
10. After the detailing process is finished we would send the file to the project owner, either
architect or the client himself.
Unity University Ephrem Beyene
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Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC
2.4.2.2.2Project I am assigned
When I arrive at the design firm I was assigned with a B+G+8 building which is shown in the
figure below.
Language problem as it was my first work; this is because the kind languages they use
were different from the construction languages that we use in the class. For instance,
(Concrete - armata: Slab - soleta: Reinforcement - fero: Stirrup - stafa)
Lack of office equipment like computers on the site. This has created a problem on
improving my computer skills.
Agreeing with other work colleges. Whenever there is a problem on the design we must
discuss it with the supervisor, but most of the time they try to give solutions with their
experience. This has created confusion on me, since I tried to see every problem by the
book.
Adapting working environment.
Unavailability of working document.
Shortage of money.
CHAPTER THREE
Practical skills
Theoretical knowledge
Interpersonal communication skills
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Material management: I was practically able to see how construction material are managed and
controlled in a way that is efficient and wastage reducing. Controlling construction materials
staring from the time it is taken out of store up to the time it is implemented on the work.
Take off and quantity works can be mentioned among such controlling methods.
The other practical skill I have got is how to work as a group with other people to perform tasks.
I was able to understand people and also let them understand me while working so that the work
can be3 effectively performed.
There is different theoretical knowledge I was enlightened in my four month stay. Many of these
knowledge I gathered were from the office work, such as, I was able to differentiate between bill
of quantity, takeoff sheet and rebar schedule, different excavation types, about expansion joint
and soon.
Also I was able to collect a good knowledge in the software area. The office engineers
recommended as to take some course on Ms. project software, which comes very handy when
contractors try to develop planning and scheduling. So we learned that software.
The problem of inter personal communication arises when two or more engineers for example
come up with different work methodology and they want the method they proposed to be
implemented, when the consultant and contractor engineers dont agree on the work being
executed and so on.
The solution for above and any other problem that arises from inter personal communication is to
know this small principle, let the most logical idea with least cost and most efficiency win even
if its not mine. This principle is told to me by the one of the site engineers and its very nice to
have.
Demonstrates reliability
Communicates constructively
Listens actively
Functions as an active participant
Shares openly and willingly
Cooperates and pitches in to help
Exhibits flexibility
Shows commitment to the team
Works as a problem- solver
Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner
- Confidence
- Effective communication
- Devotions are very important.
4. CHAPTER FOUR
When I was starting our internship the status of the project was construction of supper structure and some
unfinished sub structure. As we all know super structure includes many tasks such as slabs, beams,
columns, blocket (HCB) and finishing works and at the foundation laying out, excavation. Among the
status I tried to look the main things and as I mentioned before we were gaining some interesting and
educating things from the sites.
During this internship period I gained many practical and theoretical skills which have directly relation
with my career goal and it also increase my interest about my career goal. Then I can say this internship
fit my career goal well. Internship is very helpful system to transfer the theoretical knowledge to the
practical one and it also help us to know lots of things about external environment than we know before.
But above all I learned to be punctual, loyal and faithful for the job I am engaged. My communication
skill also developed gradually which is important on engineering fields especially in construction
activities. This was a great achievement for me.
This internship practice period was important for both the students and from various campuses and
workers of the real estate projects. Because when we (the students) tried to explain the theoretical
knowledge what we knew to the workers, they (the daily professionals) were also tried to explain the
practical skills they have experienced.
In working places, it is important to know the technical (site) words, because it enables me to briefly
communicate with the employees in the project. So I want to give my greatest appreciation to both the
skilled and unskilled workers who participated in this real estate development projects.
In general, these four consecutive months render me I widened practical skills and theoretical
knowledge. So that, in my opinion because of its paramount importance, the internship program should
continue in a well-organized manner.
4.2 Recommendation
Based on my four-month internship practical work, I would like to recommend the company the
following terms:
The back fill material is excavating from the site it is type stiff clay without mixing selected
material. So it is difficult to compaction.
Consultants should avoid ordering extensive tests which would cause the project cost to go
higher
Sometimes backfill material is ordered to be brought from far borrow site which would cause
the transport cost to be higher and as far as possible near borrow sites should be investigated
than far sites.
Engineers should always be on site since daily laborers doesnt care about the project as far
as they get paid and from what I have seen many engineers take too much tea breaks.
Most site engineers are very busy doing the work that is expected from them, so internship
students should understand and learn from observation than too much questions, ask but be
specific.
Most of the time skilled daily laborers are not selected through careful methods, they are just
assigned without testing this causes some works to be less quality than expected.
Most of the time mix design isnt carried out on site causing the concrete that is proposed on
the specification not to attained so please carry out mix design or mix testing to see if the
proposed mix design can achieve the desired concrete strength.
Improper placing of rebars on site is very common and discussing practice. Rebar is metal
composed of iron and when iron is exposed to water and mud it will corrode and most
engineers say the rebar has protection layer and its okay but its not logical and please
stop this practice.
Mixing concrete in good proportion for testing purpose and using poor quality concrete for
the actual construction is a common practice to obtain more money than the contract agreed
amount and please work for your consciences.
References
1. Abebe Denku, 2007: Text book of building construction
Appendix
Admixture: is a material added to change one or more properties of fresh or hardened
concrete.
Aggregate: Material such as sand or gravel used with cement and water to make concrete,
mortar, or plaster.
Cast: Object (part of a building such as beams, slabs, and columns) formed by a mold.
Christy or props: A support placed beneath a slab or a beam to keep it from shaking or
falling.
Expansion joint: are joints which are provided to accommodate the expansion of adjacent
building parts and to relieve stresses that may otherwise be developed.
Hammer: a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive
force by striking (in masonry work or for carpenters).
Iron saw: a hand tool having a toothed blade for cutting re-bars.
Mason: A craftsman who works with stone or brick or in general, who works masonry.
Overlap: a re-bar that lies over another re-bar (the overlap of steel reinforcement should be
4*the diameter of the bar)
Trowel: A small hand tool with a handle and flat metal blade; used for scooping or
spreading plaster or similar materials