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UNITY UNIVERSITY

DEPARTEMENT OF CIVIL & MINING ENGINEERING


INTERNSHIP REPORT

Hosting Company:-MGM CONSULT PLC

Name of Student: - Ephrem Beyene


Student ID.No. : - UU57397R

Submission Date: - July, xx, 2017


Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Declaration

The undersigned student, declare that this report is an original work and has not been presented
in any other university, and that all sources of materials used for the report have been duly
acknowledged.

Student

Name Signature

Ephrem Beyene

Advisor

Name Signature

Feysel Nesru

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering I 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Acknowledgement
First and for most I would like to thank God for everything he did for me. And next Unity
University and the department of civil and mining engineering for giving me the chance to see
and correspond what is theoretical with that of the actual practice at site. My gratitude also goes
to MGM CONSULT, the supervisors, the site engineers, other stuff members and all workers for
helping me in everything I needed, giving me advice and sharing their knowledge willingly
especially Mr. TEWODROS.
Finally, I would like to thank my mentor Mr. FEYSEL NESRU, for his kindly cooperation and
advice throughout the internship period.

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering II 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Summary
I have been working in the construction company for the past four months. & this
internship program has increased my practical knowledge on the construction management field
plus it helped me to develop the practical skills that I should have in order to become a
competent engineer in the practical world.
The final report covers the overall things I have covered through the four-month internship
while staying in MGM CONSULT. Since I have been working in the office and site I have tried
to list down all the tasks that I have been accomplishing & also I have tried to give the brief
history, the mission, the current location & the organizational structure of MGM CONSULT.
So on the part of the overall experience, I briefly write especially the office work which I
have been doing and what I have seen & learnt from the office. As we all know this internship
encourage not only your practical & theoretical skills but also many things like developing your
communication skills, team playing skills, leadership skills, work ethical related issues and
practical skills. Throughout this internship program I was able to develop those skills too.

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Department of Civil Engineering III 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

List of figures
Fig. 1.1 projects done by the company ........................................................................................... 3
Fig 2.1 Footing pad excavation ....................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.2 Reinforcement of footing pad. ....................................................................................... 7
Fig 2.3: concrete casting for footing pad ....................................................................................... 7
Fig 2.4: Back fill ............................................................................................................................. 8
Fig 2.5: Bar Bender ( ferayo.) ....................................................................................................... 12
Fig 2.6: Foundation column (footing column) .............................................................................. 13
Fig 2.7: Grade beam ...................................................................................................................... 14
Fig 2.8 Elevation column .............................................................................................................. 16
Fig 2.9 Hard Core ......................................................................................................................... 19
Fig 2.10 Suspended slab & bar arrangement ................................................................................ 19
Fig 2.11 Fixing of formwork ........................................................................................................ 22
Fig 2.12 Typical takeoff sheet ...................................................................................................... 23
Fig 2.13 Bar schedule ................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2.14, slab analysis excel template...................................................................................... 27
Figure 2.15, meanings of a,b and c. .............................................................................................. 27
Figure 2.16, stair design template. ................................................................................................ 28
Figure 2.17, ETABS 9.7.4 window............................................................................................... 29
Figure 2.18- Earthquake parameters calculation .......................................................................... 30
Figure 2.19, Typical floor plan of building................................................................................... 31
Fig 4.1: block A, block B and block C building in 3D .................................................................. B

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Department of Civil Engineering IV 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Table of Content Page


Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... I
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... II
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... III
List of figures ................................................................................................................................ IV
Table of Content ............................................................................................................................ V
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1
1. Background of the company ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 company History................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Vision................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Mission .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Main objectives.................................................................................................................. 1
1.5 Companys Organizational Structure and Work flow ....................................................... 2
1.6 STATEMENT OF QUALITY POLICY ........................................................................... 2
1.7 QUALITY OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................... 3
1.8 Project Experience ............................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 4
OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ................................................................................... 4
2.1 How I got into the company .................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Section of the Company I Have been working in ................................................................. 4
2.3 The work flow in the section ................................................................................................. 5
2.4 Work task I have been execute .............................................................................................. 5
2.4.1 Site work ......................................................................................................................... 5
2.4.1.1 Earth and excavation work....................................................................................... 5
2.4.1.2 Concrete work .......................................................................................................... 8
2.4.1.3 Masonry work (stone masonry) ............................................................................. 11
2.4.1.4 Reinforcement work............................................................................................... 12
2.4.1.5 Form work .............................................................................................................. 21
2.4.2 Office work ................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.2.1Take off ................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.2.2Design office works ................................................................................................ 24
2.4.2.2.1work division among different professionals and design process .................... 25
Unity University Ephrem Beyene
Department of Civil Engineering V 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

2.4.2.2.2Project I am assigned........................................................................................ 31
2.5 How I was performing my task ........................................................................................... 31
2.6 Challenges facing on the site ............................................................................................... 31
2.7 Measurements taken to overcome site challenges............................................................... 32
2.8 challenges I faced while designing the building ................................................................. 32
2.8.1 Remedial measures for building design challenges ...................................................... 33
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 33
Benefits I gained from the Internship ........................................................................................... 33
3.1 Practical Skills ..................................................................................................................... 34
3.2 Theoretical Knowledge ....................................................................................................... 34
3.2.1Ms. Project ..................................................................................................................... 35
3.2.2 Cut logic ....................................................................................................................... 35
3.3 Interpersonal communication skills .................................................................................... 36
3.4 Team Playing Skills ............................................................................................................ 36
3.5 Leadership Skills ................................................................................................................. 37
3.6 Work Ethics Issues .............................................................................................................. 37
3.7 Entrepreneurship skills ........................................................................................................ 37
4. CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................................... 38
CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION ......................................................................... 38
4.1 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 38
4.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................. 39
References ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ A

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Department of Civil Engineering VI 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

CHAPTER ONE

1. Background of the company


1.1 company History
MGM Consult is a multi-disciplinary firm of consultants providing professional services in a
wide range of Civil Engineering Works. The Firm is established in 1997 as sole proprietorship
and shifted to Private Limited Company in 2004 and has grown to be a diversified Ethiopian
Engineering Firm. It is one of the best Engineering-Consulting Firms in the country. Initially
MGM was oriented towards Building Designs, but demand, staff capabilities and equipment
have grown to the point where MGM is providing professional services in all of the principal
fields of Civil Engineering. The Companys head office is located in Addis Ababa on Haile
Gebresellasie Street, IPS Building 5th floor conveniently situated to cater for its Clients needs.
MGM is registered and licensed under the existing authorizing agency to carry out the design
and consultancy works and to provide services in a wide range of Architectural and Engineering
work projects. MGM has successfully carried out the Design & Supervision of Building,
Stadium, Bridge and Road Projects for governmental and nongovernmental bodies in
Ethiopia, Uganda & Rwanda.

1.2 Vision
To become the primary firm in the construction sector by executing projects in a safe and timely
manner to deliver outstanding results for its stake holders.
1.3 Mission
To design and supervise quality buildings, roads, bridges and others with proficiency that meet
the required standards by creating strong links with in the construction industry to produce and
supply industrial products necessarily in building construction both for national and international
markets through strong manpower and begin to undertake projects at an international level.
1.4 Main objectives
Play active developmental role in the construction sector
Expanding into the design of railways and bridges
Establishing joint- venture investment projects with various international companies with
emphasis on construction related areas.
Attaining high levels of professional and technical efficiency while keeping pace with the eve
revolving technological advances in the industry.

MGM Consult provides consultancy services for Consultations, Investigations, Design, Contract
Administration and Supervision, Calculation, Preparation of Economic and Technical reports of
civil work projects.
A comprehensive range of services are offered in the following sectors:
Building Engineering
Road Engineering
Bridge Engineering
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Department of Civil Engineering 1 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Contract Administration
Hydraulic Engineering
MGM offers its clients the benefits of its CAD service providing AutoCAD capabilities with the
use of various design soft-wares. The CAD, ARCHICAD, Eagle point & SDR Mapping
Technology is used in all facets including the drafting and design of buildings, roads & bridges.
The structural design for all building and bridges is performed using advanced software packages
such as SAP2000 V14, ETABS Non-linear Version 9.01, Auto-STAAD pro and a systematic use
of Excel-2010 spread sheet in post processing to ensure maximum safety, economy and
reliability.
1.5 Companys Organizational Structure and Work flow
Any companys success highly depends on the organization of the staff and proper management.
The design team consists of professional engineers who are hardworking, driven and dedicated to
every project they are assigned to. MGM has a core team of senior executives with over 10 years
of experience. MGM has a clearly defined hierarchy that has proven to be efficient. The resident
engineers and site supervisors take full responsibility of the projects they are assigned to. They
execute decisions with absolute confidence. They have a work ethic that creates a harmonic
relation with contractors and clients. These and other factors assure the companys success
throughout the years.

1.6 STATEMENT OF QUALITY POLICY


MGM accepts quality as a factor of development to become more competitive. It recognizes
that its strength, reputation & success depend upon competent professional practice &
involvement of its employees, customers and stakeholders.
The Top Management of MGM CONSULT PLC is committed to providing the highest quality.
Consultancy Services in Architecture & Engineering to our customers by:
Consistently meeting and exceeding our customer's expectations for consultancy quality an

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Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

D performance based on ISO 9001-2008;


Timely delivery of services to meet our customer's requirements;
Continuous improvement of our processes, and systems from feedback of our customers & personnel;

Ensuring our personnel & affiliated companies are properly trained so they are better able
to serve our customers.

1.7 QUALITY OBJECTIVE

To develop, implement and improve ISO 9000 quality management system in design &
construction service in 2016

To increase total annual revenue by 20% every year

1.8 Project Experience


MGM has almost 16 years of experience in the construction sector. Throughout this time, it
has developed a reputation of quality service and timely completion of projects. This has
made it an ideal consultancy firm that is in high demand by the government and private
companies as clients. Mentioning every executed work throughout these years would be
very tedious. A summary of some of the ongoing and completed projects is shown under the
firms Reference attached.
Some slides are shown below as well.

Radisson Blu Hotel Varnero Real Estate

Fig. 1.1 projects done by the company

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Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

CHAPTER TWO

OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE


2.1 How I got into the company
I searched willing companies by my own and found one companies namely MGM consult. Its
office is in Haile Gebresellasie Street, IPS Building. it is nearby my campus its easy for
transport and more importantly I knew that I could have uncountable knowledge in different
stages of constructions and office work
MGM consult is my host company which I apply practice for Four Months internship practice.
Who was consulting the office building for Arada sub city Since the construction is large and
special I Would prefer that I can learn more and more, and the activities also large I need to stay
in this hosting company.
At the beginning of internship period I went to the hosting company I get the site engineer and
he tell me to come next day with my intern paper and copy of my campus ID, and also he
introduces me with the project manager. After introduce I discussed about internship program to
him, and I gave him the agreement paper and he signed and I become members of the hosting
company the following four months.
On the first day; I made internship agreement MGM CONSULT and I was able to take a tour of
the company working area and I was introduced to the peoples I would work with and the
materials they use for construction. I like the site.

2.2 Section of the Company I Have been working in


On the company there were two working sections, office and site. I was placed in the site as an
assistance site engineer and in office as assistance office engineer. Both are the only place where
I can develop and improve my practical skills. Starting from the time when I first went in to the
construction site my supervisor gave an orientation about the whole systems of the site.
In addition, the construction site, He advises me what I will be and what I will do during my
four-month internship period. After we discussed this thing I reconnaissance what type of works
were done in the site. There are also different works during my reconnaissance time to mention
profile work, excavation and earth work, reinforcement work, and footing pad, hardcore work,
concrete work and HCB work. etc. Work pleases or tasks that I have been executed during my
internship period were divided in to two parts. These are:

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Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

A. Site work
B. Office work
A. Site work
In the site work practically I observe site clean, setting out, earth and excavating work, structural
works i.e. (footing pad, footing column, beam and elevation column), masonry work, hard core
work, suspended slab working, checking and supervising concrete ratio/mix/ etc.
B. Office work
In the office work I have been work on different unit rate analysis such as:
- Takeoff analysis
- Site diary
- Reports
- Preparation Schedule
- Checking balance of material in bar schedule
-read contract document, proposals, etc
From each part of work, try to understand some basic working principle and some relation
between data collector and office engineer.

2.3 The work flow in the section


The flow of work starting from daily laborers up to the site engineers was very good. They
perform their tasks in cooperation and commitment. I was able to observe an inspiring
commitment of doing their tasks even in overtime hours.
The work flow in the office was going smoothly as I explained above, the Office Engineer
sometimes grouped us in different teams and we were given different assignments on a team and
individually. For example, we did plenty of assignments like preparing steel re-enforcement
schedule for the whole structure, preparing take off sheet for super and sub structure, both
internal and external block work, and preparation of bill of quantity.

2.4 Work task I have been execute


A. Sub- Structure Work

2.4.1 Site work


2.4.1.1 Earth and excavation work
All civil engineering work will involve some form of earth work. In general earth work can be
done as the following procedure
Preparation of the project site
This is the first stage in construction work. At this stage the site is prepared as follows:
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Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Clearing the site,


Dewatering if any water exists
Preparing place for storing construction material,
Preparing place for office.
Site clearance
Site clearance is one type of excavation that is used to prepare the site for work. While we do
site cleaning we have to clear and remove top soil to an average depth of 200mm according to
specification item. Trees, bushes, tones and other unnecessary things must be removed while
clearing the site. During excavations if we face public pipe lines, sewer lines as much as possible
we must shift the pipes unless if difficult we change the site.
Bulk excavation
Bulk excavation is done when the terrain of the ground is not leveled i.e. when there is
elevation difference on the site where the building is going to rest. After site cleaning the bulk
excavation was done by some depth, this depth depends on soil type or soil bearing capacity. The
soil has good bearing capacity the depth of bulk excavation is small. In my supervision time on
the site bulk excavation is 300 cm.
Pit, footing pad and trench excavation
I have observed the excavation footing by their size and depth. After this work the lean
concrete, footing pad reinforcement, footing pad formwork, footing pad concrete, etc. work was
done step by step.
Procedure
Excavate the footing pad by their size given on the drawing. In my site they use three
different footing pad types: isolated footing pad and combined footing pad. The footing
pad is different in size and depth.

Fig 2.1 Footing pad excavation

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Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

After this excavation lean concrete setting and footing pad I observed. In my site they use
C-5 for lean concrete and form work for footing pad
Reinforcement of footing pad and setting out of foundation.
In my site they use diameter 14mm and 12mm by 120 mm c/c distance bar for footing
pad reinforcement and diameter 20mm.The foundation column must set in the center of
footing pad and align each other.

Figure 2.2 Reinforcement of footing pad.


Concrete footing pad: my site use c-25 for footing pad and ratio 1:2:3, 100kg OPC cement, 2
box of sand and 3 box of aggregate.

Fig 2.3: concrete casting for footing pad


*Back fill is to mean replacing excavated soil or selected material from another place and
compacting around foundation pad and ground columns. We carry to compaction in well ram in

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Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

layers not exceeding 20 cm thick. Well compaction is necessary because reduces voids, approve
strength [safe bearing capacity] of soil which creates safe condition for buildings. And fill area
under hard core with selected borrowed material.
Fills that are required at the site mostly are:
Fill around footing
Fill around masonry
Fill below hard core

Fig 2.4: Back fill


2.4.1.2 Concrete work
Concrete is the most essential part of any project. All construction work greatly needs
concrete. Concrete is stone like material obtained artificially by hardening of mixture of cement,
sand, inert aggregate materials (fine and course) in a predetermined amount. Setting of concrete
is achieved due to the chemical reaction between cement and water. The water cement ratio
required for complete chemical reaction is about 0.25.the reaction between cement and water is
relatively slow and requires time and favorable temperature for its completion. The strength of
concrete depends up on the quality of its ingredients, their relative quantities and manner in
which they are mixed, compacted and cured.
Concrete is very important for the structural elements as in beams, slab, column, retaining wall,
concrete pavement, shear wall etc.
Concrete is selected because of its unique advantages such as;
Concrete is highly resistance to compressive force
It is highly resistance to fire

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It is good insulator
Easily molded into any shape
Water proof, if it properly mixed, vibrated, chiseled and plastered.
Two types of concrete are observable in my site
- Lean concrete
- Reinforced concrete
Lean concrete
Lean concrete is concrete of 5mm thick with class, C-5 with minimum cement content of
150kg/m3 of concrete. Approximately at ratio of 1:5:7. I have informed this kind of concrete
used under;
Footing pad
Grade beam
Floor slab
Masonry foundation
Retaining wall.
Advantages of Lean Concrete
It protects all sub-structure element from extra moisture
It acts like hard stratum
It prevents the soil particles that are present under sub-structure from any relative
movement.

Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete is composite material made of concrete and steel. Plain concrete possesses
high compressive strength, but little tensile strength which makes it week in bending, shear,
torsion. use C-30 for shear wall and column and C-25 for beams, floor slabs, retaining walls and
foundation. The ratio of concrete in 1:2:3 (100kg, cement: two box of sand: three box of
aggregate) the size of box is 40x50x16 cm for C-30 and 40x50x18 cm for C-25.
Reinforced concrete is more advantageous than lean concrete because of its high strength in
both tension and compression. In RC the steel provides the tensile strength and concrete provides
the compressive strength.
The tensile stresses developed in the section are transferred to reinforcing steel by bond
between the interfaces of the two materials.
Reinforcing steel and concrete may work readily due to the following reasons;
- Bond between the bars and surrounding concrete prevents slip of the bars relative to
the concrete.
- Proper concrete mixes provide adequate impermeability of concrete against bar
corrosion

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- Sufficiently similar rates of thermal expansion for the two materials introduce
negligible stresses between steel and concrete under temperature changes.
Concrete Mixing
Though mixing of materials is essential for the production of uniform concrete. The mixing
should ensure that the mass become homogenous, uniform in color and consistency. The design
of concrete mixtures (mix design) involves the determination of the most economical and
practical combination of ingredients to make the concrete workable in its plastic stage and to
make it develop the required qualities when hardened. Generally, a properly designed concrete
mix achieved three objectives. These are: workability of the fresh concrete, required quantities of
the hardened concrete and the economy.
There are two methods adopted for concrete mixing. These are:
Hand mixing _Practical for small scale concrete works
Machine mixing _ obviously it gives better and uniform mixes than hand mixing and
generally recommended.
It is seen from experiment that the strength of concrete will increase with increasing time of
mixing, but for mixing time beyond 2 min, the important in compression strength is not very
significant.
Materials
Water

Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in the chemical reaction


with cement. Water has two advantages in concrete mix. These are it reacts chemically with
cement and it lubricates all other materials and makes the concrete is workable.
Since water helps to form the strength giving cement paste, the quality and the quantities of
water required is to be looked very carefully. Generally, the water used for drinking is suitable
for making good concrete. use of sea water for mixing concrete may increase the risk of
corrosion; however, this risk is reduced if the rain forced has sufficient cover and if the concrete
is water tight and contains an adequate amount of entrained air. Thus, water to be used in
concrete should be free from the following substances such as Sugar, Carbonates, Silt, and Algae
etc.
Cement

Cement Portland cement is a finely ground material consisting primarily of compounds of lime,
silica, alumina, and iron. When mixed with water, it forms a paste which hardens and binds the
aggregate to form a hard durable mass called concrete. In my site they used ordinary Portland
cement (OPC), because the OPC have a good quality than (PPC).
Aggregates

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Sand, gravel, and crushed stone are the aggregates most commonly used in concrete to provide volume
(as a filler material) at low cost. The selection of the aggregate to be used is very important in making
concrete. The characteristic of the aggregates greatly influence
- The properties
- Mix proportion
- Economy

Placing and Compacting Concrete

Once the concrete arrives at the project site, it must be delivered to its final positions without
segregation. While placing the concrete, the compaction is done using a vibrator. The
compaction helps to avoid any void space and segregation. They place the mix of concrete in
appropriate amount to avoid difficulties in compaction.
Curing

The curing time may depend on concrete type, the type of the structural element and
environment of the working station. There are two setting times of concrete namely, initial
setting time and final setting time. The former one is setting time from placing of concrete up to
dismantling of the formwork. It is 24 hrs for columns and beams. The final setting time is the
time from dismantling of formwork to the final setting of concrete. It is 7 days for columns and
beams and 21 days for slabs.

2.4.1.3 Masonry work (stone masonry)


Masonry work may include sub structural or super structure part of the construction. In this site
I have seen sub structural part of masonry work. This masonry has a depth of 1m below FFL and
used the sub structural part of the building for any moisture. This 1m depth masonry construct by
three equal layers. Its also depending on the level of the ground. From specification document
item No 3.1 the masonry is (50cm thick stone masonry foundation wall bedded and jointed in
cement mortar mix 1:4 below natural ground level.)
Mortar: is used as binding material. On the site it is used in the masonry work. It has a mix
ratio of 1:4, for every one bag of cement we used 4 box of sand with the appropriate amount
of clean water. Mortar should be used economically.
Therefore, it is put on the top of the previous layer of mason in approximately 2 cm height. It has
to be spread to the edges properly. A plain piece of wood helps to prevent the mortar from
falling down. The upper surface of the mortar has to be rather rough to get a proper connection
between the masons and to allow the mortar to spread. It has to be pressed down until the height
of the mortar is reduced to 1 cm.
Stone: - the stone used for masonry should be hard, durable, tough and sound, free from
weathering, decay or defects like cavities, cracks, sand holes, etc.

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B. Super Structure Work

2.4.1.4 Reinforcement work


The most common types of reinforcement are hot-rolled round deformed bars. The
closely spaced rib shaped surface deformations of the reinforcing bars provide a high
degree of interlocking of the two materials.

Fig 2.5: Bar Bender ( ferayo.)


The steel observed at site is available in the form of round bars and welded wire fabric. But the
most commonly used bars have projected ribs on the surface of the bars which is called deformed
bars. The ribs of deformed bars improve the bond between the steel and surrounding concrete in
reinforced concrete members by providing mechanism
The diameter, length and shape of the reinforcement bars are according to the structural
drawings and specification.
The bending of reinforcement bar is done with adequate bending tools bar; heat is strictly not
allowed for bending of reinforcement bars. The required bars are placed in position according to
the drawings, and firmly bound together with pliable mild steel wire, diameter 1.0-1.6mm in
accordance with the standard technical specification.
The bars are used for:
A. Footing pad

Footing pad is a part of foundation work and it is used to transfer the load coming from
superstructure to the ground.

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B. Footing (ground) column


A column is vertical structural member that carries the load from super-structure and down to a
foundation must have means to transfer the load without overstressing the foundation material.
The reinforcement of footing column is bending on the bottom side and placing at the center of
footing pad.

Fig 2.6: Foundation column (footing column)


B. Beam work

A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting


bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external
loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.
Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also be used to carry loads from
slab horizontally. The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, which then transfer the
force to adjacent structural compression members.
- Construction:
The construction of beam is the same as the case of column, but in this case the form work is
set up in the horizontal direction, while in the case of column it is laid vertical. The placing,
compacting and curing processes are the same.
Generally, in the beam construction the main thing is the appropriate overlap place of top and
bottom bar based on structural plan. I have tried to see the top bar overlap on the mid span and
the bottom bar overlap on the support.

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Fig 2.7: Grade beam


The General procedures are as follows;
Element of structure: Intermediate beam/Grade Beam
Methodology
check the proceeding work acceptance
then prepare the reinforcement as per the design (length, type, diameter, and cut, bent...)
prepare the formwork and assemble them around the beam with the required clear cover
by providing spacer of the right thickness
place the prepared reinforcement on their position as per the design
then it is ready to be casted after check the alignment
Supervision
- Before casting
- During casting
- After casting

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A. Before casting
conformity of the formwork with approved formwork design
cleanliness, smoothness and treatment with release agent for the surface of formwork
conformity with the approved formwork design i.e. dimension, shape, strength, method
of fixing, rigidity, bracing detail and method of removing the formwork
reinforcement diameter, number and overlap length (40 times diameter of the
reinforcement) should be cheeked
position of overlap of reinforcement as per the design
stirrup spacing should be cheeked
check provision of spacer (type, shape, dimension, spacing and method of fixing it to
maintain the required concrete cover)
check stock balance (volume of required material for the required concrete volume)
man power
equipment
B. During casting
A. cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries
B. the appropriate use of vibrator
C. cheek the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself
D. Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the
concrete travel...)
C. After casting
cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (16 hr)
proper curing (7days)
cheek if there is segregation
check if there is bulging of the beam
maintenance and handling of executed works

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D. Elevation Column work


Elevation Column is super-structural part of a building which is a vertical member that support
vertical, horizontal and moments coming from the beam, slab, stair and other member of the
structure and transfer it to the sub structure i.e. foundation.

Fig 2.8 Elevation column


A column is constructed at the site of the project; they may be pre stressed or not according to
the need. The supporting structure is built (i.e. form work) to the correct dimensions, in order to
make the column may fit. The in situ concrete columns are built on the building site using form
work (a type of boxing in to which the wet concrete is poured to produce good bond between
steel reinforcement and concrete.
The reinforcing bars are positioned with in the form work according to the drawing before the
concrete is poured in.
Bottom and the sides of the form work, so that when the concrete sets it completely envelops the
reinforcement.
The form work is commonly built from wooden & steel planks and boards, rigid plastic, or steel.
After the concrete has set the wood will be removed. Finally, I have tried to see the checking up
of column to column distance based on plan dimension by the supervisor. Generally, the
following procedures are taken by consultant supervisor and site engineer.

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Elements of structure: Elevation Column


Since it is a concrete structural element the necessary inspection for quality of the concrete and
the way it is being executed.
Methodology
The reinforcement with the correct height, size and arrangement as per the design are
assembled.
Then the formwork fixed in position around the assembled column reinforcement with
specified clear cover as per the design
After that it will be filled with concrete (in simple word it is casted)
Supervision
A. before casting
B. during casting
C. after casting
A. before casting
stirrup spacing should be cheeked it depends on the design (the stirrups spacing depends
on the diameter of longitudinal bar and location from the bottom of story)
reinforcement diameter and overlap length (40 or 50 (depending on the steel grade used)
times diameter of the reinforcement) should be cheeked
the quality of formwork (cleanliness, smoothens and treatment with release agent for the
surface of formwork)
conformity of the formwork with the approved formwork design
grout tightness and sufficiency of rigidity to prevent disturbance due to pressure of
concrete, effect of vibrator and other load
provision of spacer with the required dimension
provision of opening for maintaining pouring height of concrete without segregation
the vertical and the horizontal alignment of the columns should be checked by any
method approved by the engineer (here in our case with tumbi(plumb bob )
column height should be checked
column spacing should be cheeked

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stock balance should be checked (that means the quality and quantity of the materials
required to execute the required concrete volume)
Here I Would like to show you a typical elevation column before it is casted and after the
formwork is prepared
B. during casting
cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries
the appropriate use of vibrator
cheek the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself
Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete
travel from the mixing station to the casting station etc...)
C. after casting
cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (16 hr)
proper curing (7days)
cheek if there is segregation
D. Hard core and ground floor slab working
Hard core: -When back fill is done under hard core, hard core us 250mm thick basaltic stone
well rolled consolidate and blinded with crushed stone. Almost the back fill done at site is by
material excavated from site

.
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Fig 2.9 Hard Core


Hard core is filling of stones between grade beams and when it filled with concert it becomes
ground floor slab. The grade beam size in our site is 60cm deep. For a given 60cm deep Grade
beam size the 15cm should be covered with selected material which is compacted using
compacter. The 30cm will be filled with a stone/hard core/ having angular shape in its top part to
bring good bond with the concert. Stone chips should be added to fill large openings between the
stones to minimize concert consumption. After this minimum reinforcement is provided at the
top of the hard core and finally the rest 10cm is filled with concrete.
Generally, when hardcore work is done I control weather the selected material is compacted
or not, whether the stones are placed in their proper dimension and shape, whether the blinding
work is done well or not. After these procedures are fulfilled the concrete filling process is
performed.
E. Suspended slab
Element of structure: suspended slab

Here in our site there is: solid slab and we use solid slab only at the whole part of the building.
Methodology

the vertical wooden supports for the beam and for precast assembled in place with
sufficient spacing (0.5-1m)
put the reinforcement (meshes and the main beam reinforcement as per the design)
Execute the necessary works such as sanitary, electric, etc... works
then we can cast the slab with thickness as per the design

Fig 2.10 Suspended slab & bar arrangement


Supervision
A. before casting
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B. during casting
C. after casting
A. Before casting
submittal of form work design
conformity with approved formwork design: dimension, shape, strength, method of
fixing, rigidity, bracing detail, detail for false work, method of removing the form of
detail at joints (slab thickness waist)
submittals of shop drawing showing diameter, spacing, number, lengths, method of tying
and bending dimension of main reinforcement bar in accordance with the drawing
cleanliness of all reinforcement bars (free from dirt, paint, oil, rust and other foreign
substance)
reinforcement overlap location and length to be as shown in the drawing
attention for position of the reinforcement in cantilever section (presence of bar
fixer(kebeleto) during placing of concrete for correction and positioning of reinforcement
during placing of concrete)
provision of PVC pipes on the outlet position of the toilet seats to avoid further chiseling
type of material to be used for form work
method used to treat the formwork to prevent adherence of concrete (coating with oil or
any other release agent)
cheek whether or not the effect of cambering is considered
Check the entire sanitary, electrical etc... works that are executed in that particular slab
B. During casting
cheek the availability of enough man power and machineries
the appropriate use of vibrator
Cheek the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself (way of mixing, way of placing ....)
Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete
travel...)
C. After casting
cheek the time frame for the removal of formwork (after 28 days for bottom supports
and after 16hr for side supports)
proper curing (21days)
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cheek if there is segregation


Check the way of handling the executed works

2.4.1.5 Form work


The form work is temporary construction material used as a mould for structure, in which
concrete is placed and in it harden and matures. When the concrete has reached the strength the
form work is no longer needed and is removed. The operation of removing form work is called
striping. After stripping the removed formwork is reused for another structural element. These
kinds of form works are mainly called panels. Form work may be steel or wooden material of
any desired shape. We use steel formworks of rectangular and circular shapes of different sizes
heard from site engineer that wooden form work has disadvantages, like possibility of warping,
swelling and shrinkage of the timber. In order to prevent this, we have provided impermeable
coating. Steel form work is comparatively costly but it has many advantages.
it can put to high numb
it provides easy of striping
it ensures an even and smooth concrete surface
it possesses great rigidity
it is not liable to shrinkage or distortion
Requirements of good form work
A good form work should satisfy the following requirements:
The material of form work should be cheap and suitable for reuse.
It should be water proof so that it does not absorb water from concrete.
It should be strong enough to withstand all coming loads (dead load of concrete and live
load during pouring etc)
It should be stiff enough so that deflection is minimum
It should be as light as possible.
The surface of form work should be smooth to afford easy stripping.
Fixing form work
I observed how much they care while fixing form works. It should be properly fixed to avoid
loss of concrete material and unwanted shape on the structure. Proper fixing also minimizes
great chiseling to remove the unwanted shapes. The foremans check that the form works fixed
for elevation columns are vertical enough by using plumbing bobs.
Before the column, beam or slab is cast the carpenter foreman check the necessary thing like

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Vertical and horizontal alignment for column


The level of the panel for the grad beam
Any defects on the panel
The cleanness of formwork &its greasing by gas

Fig 2.11 Fixing of formwork


Removal of formwork
Formwork will be carefully removed without shock or disturbance to concrete. No formwork
will be removed until the concrete has gained sufficient strength to with stand safety any stress to
which it may thereby be subjected.
In normal circumstances (temp. above 20 degree Celsius) and where ordinary cement is used,
forms may be struck after expiry of the following periods.
Formwork Removal with Out Admixture
Vertical formwork to columns, walls & Beams 16 hours
Soffit formwork to slab 21 days
Props to slab 14 days
Soffit formwork to beam 21 days
Props to beam 14 days
Formwork Removal with Admixture
Vertical formwork to columns, walls & Beams 16 hours
Soffit formwork to slab 7 days
Props to slab 7 days
Soffit formwork to beam 7 days
Props to beam 7 days
1) Procedure when removing the formwork- all formwork shall be removed without
such shock or vibration as would damage the reinforced concrete. Before soffit and struts are
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removed, the concrete surface shall be exposed, where necessary in order to ascertain that the
concrete has sufficiently hardened.
Tolerances- formwork shall be constructed that the internal dimensions are within the
permissible tolerance specified by the designer.

2.4.2 Office work


2.4.2.1Take off
Take off is the process of reading appropriate dimensions from drawings and putting them in
appropriate table format in order to go on with further computation and on site the dimensions
are obtained from actual measurement. The quantities that are needed in the work or the
materials that are going to be incorporated in a construction activity are first of all read off or
"taken off" from the drawings in conjunction with the specifications and other relevant
documents. This process of reading drawings and calculating the amount of material these
quantities are calculated in a specially prepared tabular format, as to aid accurate preparation and
enable checking /rechecking or adjusting of amounts and correcting errors if any. These special
formats are called Take off Sheet

1 2 3 Description
Concerete work in ribbed slab Foundation
1. C25 concerete in footing pads
F2( 1.5x1.5x0.35)
3 1.5
1.5
0.35
2.3625 m3 in F2
F3( 1.7x1.7x0.45)
6 1.7
1.7
0.45
7.803 m3 in F3
Fig 2.12 Typical takeoff sheet
The column with number 1 is called timising column and its used when the same types of
elements (same in terms of length, width and height) are encountered. Its purpose is to state how
many times the given quantity appears on the drawing.
The column with number two is called dimensioning column. And its function is to place what
we have taken off from the drawings in to the takeoff sheet. The internationally accepted
placement of dimensions is, First length, second width and third height or depth. (length and
width could be interchanged according to the interest of the quantity surveyor).
The column with number 3 is called squaring column. Here is the product of the first and and
second column are placed. (only product is allowed)

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While using takeoff sheet the last column with heading Description is used when some form of
explanation is need to say, where the length, width or height come from, when some
mathematical operation like squaring or the square root of a number are taken, to place drawing
to be more explicitly and generally anything in the interest of the quantity surveyor that he/ she
thought is very descriptive of what is done. This column is frequently used by experienced
peoples to avoid confusion and to make inspection of errors very easy.

BAR SCHEDULE
Total length in meter for different diameter of bars
Number
Number
Length of of bars in
Location Dia. of bar Shape of bending of the RC 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm 14mm 16mm 20mm 24mm 32mm
one bar one
members
member

F2 12 1.9 8 3 45.6

F3 12 2.3 11 6 151.8

F4 12 2.3 16 3 110.4
Total length of bars(m) 0 0 0 307.8 0 0 0 0 0
Weight per meter length (kg/m) 0.22212 0.39488 0.617 0.88848 1.20932 1.57952 2.468 3.55392 6.31808
Total Weight of bars (kg) 0 0 0 273.4741 0 0 0 0 0

Fig 2.13 Bar schedule

lengthy and repetitive procedures that are very difficult to put in the takeoff sheet format shown above are done
in bar schedule. Bar schedule is especially important while dealing with the rebar for different structural
elements.
In order to fill out the above table properly the following steps should be taken.
Identify the type bar present
Then calculate the number of bars present based on the spacing and the length on which
these bars are placed
Calculate on how many members these bars are present on a single floor system
Then calculate the total length by multiplying the total number of bars with the length of
single bar
Now based on predetermined conversion factor we can calculate the total mass of bar in
kilograms.

2.4.2.2Design office works


One of the places I have worked is a consultant office found around bole (since the main site I
was working with allows students to work in a 3 days per week schedule I was trying to avoid
idle time by working in other office). The owner of the firm is one of my teachers in unity
university. His name is Merid belay. For the last 4 years he had taught me strength of material I,
Theory of structures I and integrated civil engineering Design I. from all this courses he had
given me enough to influence me to follow the building industry.
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In general, the engineer is very experienced with many to give on the subject of structural
design and even construction technology. For the last 25 or 26 years he was working in
different engineering firms gaining both knowledge and wisdom. I was lucky enough to work
with him since my practical experience as a student is very limited.
The office he owns is a general consulting office working on structural Design, supervision and
when possible even construction. The office is found on B and C building around bole. The
office consists of a draftsman, structural Engineers and a construction manager. Each of which
is concerned with different tasks which I would explain later.

2.4.2.2.1work division among different professionals and design process


In a typical design firm, we would expect to find draftsman and structural engineer both of
whom work interactively to achieve a goal. The goal in this case is a plausible, economical and
safe structural design with readable and neat detailing drawing.
The design process in any firm starts with the obtaining of an architectural design from
architects. Once the architectural design is obtained, the structural engineer tries to analyze it
to see if from the structural point of view all the location of columns, the spacing between
columns, the proposed column type (slim column, Square column, Rectangular, circular) gives
sense, in general the number of stories to the foot print ratio to investigate seismic
performance, the type of slab system to be used (solid, ribbed or flat) and other relevant
parameters according to the building type.
Once the structural engineer analyzes the architectural design for the above parameters, if we
deem the design to be fit or possible to design it with limited resources, since in our country
economy is very vital factor for many owners, he proceeds further with the design. Otherwise
the drawing will be commented and if the architect agrees with the comments or modifications
ordered by the structural engineer, the drawing will be remade and the design process starts.
Once the structural engineer is sure with the architectural design, he would start the structural
design. The structural design is concerned with
1. Deciding the material to be used. Material to be used means steel, reinforced concrete
or timber. In current practice most buildings are made from reinforced concrete and its
common to specify concrete grade and rebar grade. And most of the time C-25 grade of
concrete is used for foundation, beams, slabs, concert gutter other members with less
stability problem and C-30, C-35 or C-40 is most commonly used from column since they
carry very large load and they often experience stability problem. Sometimes for flat
slabs higher grade concert might be used. And S-300 or S-400 grade of steel is proposed
as rebar material.
2. Once material is decided member size determination proceeds since the software takes
what we feed it, we need to have preliminary member size to go on. For beams and

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slabs their depth is determined by using serviceability criteria and EBCS-2-1995 provides
equation for this purpose.


= (0.4 + 0.6 (400 )) EBCS-2-1995 section 5.2.3

The width of beams most of the time is fixed between 200 to 300 mm and it is useful to
place rebar material and mostly it should give good aesthetical value.

The cross section of column is decided based on load it is supposed to carry from floors
above it. And it depends on the function of the building and the concrete grade it is
made from.
The general method for column is
i. Determine design load based on the weight of floor slabs and live loads
ii. Determine the tributary area of column by taking half the c/c column spacing in
all directions
iii. Once the tributary area and design load are obtained, multiply the tributary area
with the number of floors and design load to obtain the approximate design axial
load of the column. In this method eccentricity is neglected since we need to
obtain preliminary dimensions only.
iv. Once the design axial load is obtained, by dividing it with the design strength of
concrete we would obtain area of the column section. By assuming the column
to be square, circular we can obtain its side dimension or diameter.
3. Once the size of beam, column and slab are obtained we can proceed to design of slabs.
Slab design is done in a typical excel template which simplified the process. The
template looks like the figure below. The template is capable of analyzing and designing
rectangular and trapezoidal panels. All you have to do is provide the sides of the
rectangle or trapezoid.

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Figure 2.14, slab analysis excel template


As we can see from the figure the boundary conditions for the slab panel is assigned by the
numbers 0 and 1. And 0 means discontinuous while 1 means continuous. The other part we
change are the Fck, Fyk , Lengths a,b and c. the meaning of a,b and c is shown below for
trapezoidal panel.

Figure 2.15, meanings of a,b and c.

4. Once the slab design is completed we will proceed with the design stairs. In the practical
design of stairs excel templates play a vital role. And the template looks like the figure
below

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Figure 2.16, stair design template.

Once the stairs are designed and proportioned we will proceed with the next step.

5. Now we have all the data to proceed with the 3D modeling of the building in ETABS
9.7.4, which is commonly used in the current practice. The software is shown in the
figure below. Modeling should be carefully done since it represents the entire building
during different scenario. And any failure to do the model correct is every failure in
terms of output. And most experienced engineers have no problem with modeling.

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Figure 2.17, ETABS 9.7.4 window

6. Once the 3D model of the building is done different software parameters are feed by
either calculating them or from EBCS-2-1995 or EBCS-1-1995. For example, live loads
from EBCS-1-1995 and earthquake parameters calculations are shown below
3.2 Live Load
a) on Floor slab

q = 5.0kN/m 2 ( for Shop)

2
Live load per Rib = 0.4m x 5.0kN/m = 2.0kN/m

2
q = 3.0kN/m ( for Restaurant)

2
Live load per Rib = 0.4m x 3.0kN/m = 1.20kN/m

2
q = 2.0kN/m ( for Bed rooms)

2
Live load per Rib = 0.4m x 2.0kN/m = 0.80kN/m

Figure 14, Live loads from EBCS-1-1995

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3.3 Sesmic Load


S esmic Load is activated by ETABS software by providnig the required parameters

from EBCS -8

Adiss Ababa (Zone 2) UBCS 94

a 0 = 0.05 Z = 0.05

F b = Sd (T) W ZIC
Fb W
Rw
Sd (T)= a . b . g

a = a 0. I

Fb = a . b . g . W g o = 0.20( for frame system)


kD = 2.00 (DC"L")
Rw = 1/g kR = 1.25 (non Regular structure)
kW = 1.00 ( for Frame System)
= 1/0.5

=2.00

I = 1.0 for Ordinary Building EBCS -8 Table 2.4

page # 29
1.2 S
C b 2 / 3 2.5 C = 0.075 (for RC moment resisting frames in SI
T units)

Site Cofficient S = 1.2 C = 0.031 (for RC moment resisting frames in


BS units)

Figure 2.18- Earthquake parameters calculation

Once this data is feed and some parameters like p-delta and load combinations defined,
the analysis is run to obtain design axial load, bending moment, Shear force and even
torsion for different frame sections. (by default ETABS considers any section drawn
between two stories to be column and horizontally drawn members to be beam)
7. Once we have the output from ETBAS we will use Eurocode-2-2004 to design the frame
section in order to obtain the amount of reinforcement necessary each section.
8. From the reactions at the base obtained from ETABS we can design the foundation if
geotechnical investigation of the subsoil is available. Foundation design is done by using
excel templates. If it is ribbed mat the slab template shown in the figure above is used.
And if isolated footings are to be designed then we use separate template prepared for
this purpose.
9. After obtaining the result from ETABS, slab and stair design from excel, we can know
communicate with the draftsman to proceed with the detailing. The draftsman needs
the beam and column layout directly printed from ETABS to include it in the layout. And
in turn he would give us a printed out preliminary detailing with fake rebar spacing but
accurate rebar length. and we would adjust the fake spacing to make it same with the
calculated values.
10. After the detailing process is finished we would send the file to the project owner, either
architect or the client himself.
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2.4.2.2.2Project I am assigned
When I arrive at the design firm I was assigned with a B+G+8 building which is shown in the
figure below.

Figure 2.19, Typical floor plan of building


Following the above outlined steps, the building was designed and detailed.

2.5 How I was performing my task


This question was better answered by the Office Engineer because he used to follow me in my day to day
activities from the first day to the last minute of work. In my perspective I tried my best to perform my
work tasks satisfactorily.
I helped both the office and the site work in the company. In the office I tried to help the Office Engineer
by giving them educational materials and sharing some data. In the site also I tried to help the workers in
brief explanations on the plan reading and so on. And I was eager to know more and to gain experience
from this internship and I was doing everything I was ordered to do. Moreover, I ask them to give me
tasks based on the thing I want to know most. I perform my tasks together with my colleagues by
discussing and sharing knowledge. I also made site supervision and give comments on the work based on
my learning and what I know.

2.6 Challenges facing on the site


As an engineer I was faced with many challenges. These are:

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Language problem as it was my first work; this is because the kind languages they use
were different from the construction languages that we use in the class. For instance,
(Concrete - armata: Slab - soleta: Reinforcement - fero: Stirrup - stafa)
Lack of office equipment like computers on the site. This has created a problem on
improving my computer skills.
Agreeing with other work colleges. Whenever there is a problem on the design we must
discuss it with the supervisor, but most of the time they try to give solutions with their
experience. This has created confusion on me, since I tried to see every problem by the
book.
Adapting working environment.
Unavailability of working document.
Shortage of money.

2.7 Measurements taken to overcome site challenges


The measurement I have taken in order to overcome these challenges: -
I was trying to introduce to another person to help me in the office s
I have tried to refer the building construction in another place from internet.
By assembling the daily labors create awareness about the integration project in order to
do the work politely without reasons. Communication challenge: -This challenge makes
us not to have healthy communication with the site communities such as; Forman,
kabo, daily labour, store keeper etc.... from the fact that we come from the supervision
site that means we were in the consultant side and they were from the contractor side,
there is a trend that the two are looking each other as a cat and rat. So they consider us a
watch dog for our office so they dont even talk with us. But through time we let them to
know our work and objective that we are here not as a snitch, rather to learn from them.
And we told them that cant let happened without them. But one thing to be noted here
is that when we see any default at any building in our site we dont pass without
reminding them and thanks to them they respect every suggestion we recommend to
them. So we can say that we were lucky of having these types of relationship.

2.8 challenges I faced while designing the building


1. A cantilever beam with no continuity on the other side subjected to a uniformly
distributed wall load failing by torsion due to a concentrated load from other two
beams.
2. Large spans up to 7.4 m which cause large bending moments and shears.
3. Large column size

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2.8.1 Remedial measures for building design challenges


1. The cantilever beam was replaced by shear wall (much stiffer) since the architectural
design wouldnt be disturbed
2. Using large depth of beam to compensate for the bending moments and shear.
3. Using shear walls to decrease the drift of the building which causes less stress in
columns and beams leading to less sizes.

CHAPTER THREE

Benefits I gained from the Internship


For something that takes inputs there is something in return, a benefit. In my internship too, there
were a lots of benefits those are gained accordingly. Since it my first practical experience
everything there is new and important to me. Some of the benefits are:

Practical skills
Theoretical knowledge
Interpersonal communication skills
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Team playing skills


Leadership skills
Work ethics related issues
These aspects are discussed below.

3.1 Practical Skills


This program gave me many opportunities to test and refine my skills. Almost all the time I
spend in campus my knowledge was theoretical. To make theoretical knowledge applicable and
to make it practical skill there should be a chance like internship. This program helps me to build
and improve my confidence.

Some of practical experiences are

Material management: I was practically able to see how construction material are managed and
controlled in a way that is efficient and wastage reducing. Controlling construction materials
staring from the time it is taken out of store up to the time it is implemented on the work.

Take off and quantity works can be mentioned among such controlling methods.

The other practical skill I have got is how to work as a group with other people to perform tasks.
I was able to understand people and also let them understand me while working so that the work
can be3 effectively performed.

3.2 Theoretical Knowledge


I learnt the theoretical part in unity university for four years. But some of the knowledge I
gathered in the campus were a bit far from the practices which was actually going on the
working environment. So this internship period was my crucial moment to simulate the
theoretical knowledge in the campus with the working environment.

There is different theoretical knowledge I was enlightened in my four month stay. Many of these
knowledge I gathered were from the office work, such as, I was able to differentiate between bill
of quantity, takeoff sheet and rebar schedule, different excavation types, about expansion joint
and soon.

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Also I was able to collect a good knowledge in the software area. The office engineers
recommended as to take some course on Ms. project software, which comes very handy when
contractors try to develop planning and scheduling. So we learned that software.

3.2.1 Ms. Project


This software is developed by Microsoft and it is very powerful in developing plan and schedule.
Contractors are expected to develop master plan (which is a rough plan which shows what the
contractor is in general is going to do after the beginning of the project till end) and detailed
schedule after the beginning of the project.
The consultant is going to evaluate the progress of the work based on the detailied schedule
submitted by the contractor. And most contractors dont give emphasis to this work since it is
common that the client will face budget shortage or government issues that will hinder the
construction activity and the construction process would be delayed.
Any how the software Ms. Project is part of Microsoft office package which is capable of
developing plan and schedule not only for construction activities but for any work that requires
planning and scheduling.
As part of scheduling the software develops cash flow, Gant chart and even network diagrams
whenever necessary. And its common in our country to use this software to come up with the
above outputs.
As part of my internship experience I have gained some knowledge about this software and I am
now at least beginner level user of the software.

3.2.2 Cut logic


A small yet very powerful software that is designed to undertake optimization of 1D, 2D and 3D
objects that are very costly or very valuable to work with. This software is used to optimize bar
cutting in the site I was working with.
The problem with rebar is that it is produced in 12 m length and in structural drawings it is
detailed in different lengths which would call for efficient use or if not wastage of valuable
material and money. The challenge is, for example you have a bar with length 3.5 m, and its
number is 3. So the total length of this bar would be 10.5 m, so from one berga (12 m bar) we
would have a 1.5 m unused wastage and most contractors would find a place to put this bar by
manual searching. But cut logic does this through algorithms that are very powerful and always
looking for the least wastage.
From my site experience I have learned that this software, given appropriate bar schedule with
good codes for later identification, will analyze this input and returns the most efficient cutting
plan.

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering 35 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

3.3 Interpersonal communication skills


Since construction work is a team work by its nature you will face different individuals with
different profession, Personality come up together and communicate with each other to solve
different problems and run the whole work. The very good interpersonal communication skill
will bring success.

The problem of inter personal communication arises when two or more engineers for example
come up with different work methodology and they want the method they proposed to be
implemented, when the consultant and contractor engineers dont agree on the work being
executed and so on.

The solution for above and any other problem that arises from inter personal communication is to
know this small principle, let the most logical idea with least cost and most efficiency win even
if its not mine. This principle is told to me by the one of the site engineers and its very nice to
have.

3.4 Team Playing Skills


Generally spiking a person with good team playing skill the following qualities and I was
expected to attain them, but since the time was very short at least it was good to keep them as a
note

Demonstrates reliability
Communicates constructively
Listens actively
Functions as an active participant
Shares openly and willingly
Cooperates and pitches in to help
Exhibits flexibility
Shows commitment to the team
Works as a problem- solver
Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering 36 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

3.5 Leadership Skills


Generally regarding leadership skill, one can get a good experience. This is because as long as you are
working assistant site engineer you will able to lead and control workers under the part of the building.
And so for effective leadership I understood that personal values like

- Confidence
- Effective communication
- Devotions are very important.

3.6 Work Ethics Issues


Punctuality: - means keeping the companies work beginning and ending time and to complete a
given task within the given period. That was challenging to become punctual for the 1 st time of
work. But gradually I began to start and end my tasks on time.
Office disciplines: - on work place you dont have to disturb the working atmosphere. For
example, abstain from opening loud voice, loud music, songs and things which disturb others
workers mood.
Reliability: - the worker should be qualified for the part he is supposed to be performing. He/she
must have appropriate skill and knowledge for the task assigned.
Honesty: - Regarding this value each worker regardless of its status should abstain from bad
behaviors such as cheating, bias, corruption etc
Cooperation: - Each worker should interact and cooperate with each other while working. That
is because it is through such system problems could be easily solved.

3.7 Entrepreneurship skills


what I have seen is some works are subjected to sub contracts since most companies havent
developed specialization in that field or because they want to go to other site than do that work
because of time and money vale. For example, Aluminum work. So in the future I can become a
contractor that deals with Aluminum work.
On the other hand, rebar handling is very tedious task on the site.so if someone industrialize the
process, i.e. open a factor that bends bars according to schedule, and most companies would be
interested in.
So overall what I have seen in terms of entrepreneurship is that try to fill the gap in the
construction industry and you would be rewarded in so many aspects.

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering 37 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

4. CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION


4.1 Conclusion
Generally, I did my internship program in MGM CONSULT. I have practiced in two section of work.
They were the site section and office. However most of the time I worked in office. On the site, I have
tried to see almost all sub structure and super structure.
The field practice has played a tremendous role in equipping, students with the practical knowledge of
understanding and implementing field exercises in civil engineering. It helped me to develop self-
confidence and introduced me to the world of construction. It helps the student to practically understand
the theory they learned in the class. It also familiarized me with the knowledge required to monitor
construction sites.

When I was starting our internship the status of the project was construction of supper structure and some
unfinished sub structure. As we all know super structure includes many tasks such as slabs, beams,
columns, blocket (HCB) and finishing works and at the foundation laying out, excavation. Among the
status I tried to look the main things and as I mentioned before we were gaining some interesting and
educating things from the sites.

During this internship period I gained many practical and theoretical skills which have directly relation
with my career goal and it also increase my interest about my career goal. Then I can say this internship
fit my career goal well. Internship is very helpful system to transfer the theoretical knowledge to the
practical one and it also help us to know lots of things about external environment than we know before.
But above all I learned to be punctual, loyal and faithful for the job I am engaged. My communication
skill also developed gradually which is important on engineering fields especially in construction
activities. This was a great achievement for me.

This internship practice period was important for both the students and from various campuses and
workers of the real estate projects. Because when we (the students) tried to explain the theoretical
knowledge what we knew to the workers, they (the daily professionals) were also tried to explain the
practical skills they have experienced.
In working places, it is important to know the technical (site) words, because it enables me to briefly
communicate with the employees in the project. So I want to give my greatest appreciation to both the
skilled and unskilled workers who participated in this real estate development projects.
In general, these four consecutive months render me I widened practical skills and theoretical
knowledge. So that, in my opinion because of its paramount importance, the internship program should
continue in a well-organized manner.

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering 38 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

4.2 Recommendation
Based on my four-month internship practical work, I would like to recommend the company the
following terms:
The back fill material is excavating from the site it is type stiff clay without mixing selected
material. So it is difficult to compaction.
Consultants should avoid ordering extensive tests which would cause the project cost to go
higher
Sometimes backfill material is ordered to be brought from far borrow site which would cause
the transport cost to be higher and as far as possible near borrow sites should be investigated
than far sites.
Engineers should always be on site since daily laborers doesnt care about the project as far
as they get paid and from what I have seen many engineers take too much tea breaks.
Most site engineers are very busy doing the work that is expected from them, so internship
students should understand and learn from observation than too much questions, ask but be
specific.
Most of the time skilled daily laborers are not selected through careful methods, they are just
assigned without testing this causes some works to be less quality than expected.
Most of the time mix design isnt carried out on site causing the concrete that is proposed on
the specification not to attained so please carry out mix design or mix testing to see if the
proposed mix design can achieve the desired concrete strength.
Improper placing of rebars on site is very common and discussing practice. Rebar is metal
composed of iron and when iron is exposed to water and mud it will corrode and most
engineers say the rebar has protection layer and its okay but its not logical and please
stop this practice.
Mixing concrete in good proportion for testing purpose and using poor quality concrete for
the actual construction is a common practice to obtain more money than the contract agreed
amount and please work for your consciences.

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering 39 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

References
1. Abebe Denku, 2007: Text book of building construction

2. Company profile of MGM CONSULT

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering 40 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Appendix
Admixture: is a material added to change one or more properties of fresh or hardened
concrete.

Aggregate: Material such as sand or gravel used with cement and water to make concrete,
mortar, or plaster.

Bar bender: a person who works with re-bars.

Carpenter: A woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects.

Cast: Object (part of a building such as beams, slabs, and columns) formed by a mold.

Christy or props: A support placed beneath a slab or a beam to keep it from shaking or
falling.

Expansion joint: are joints which are provided to accommodate the expansion of adjacent
building parts and to relieve stresses that may otherwise be developed.

Hammer: a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive
force by striking (in masonry work or for carpenters).

Iron saw: a hand tool having a toothed blade for cutting re-bars.

Mason: A craftsman who works with stone or brick or in general, who works masonry.

Monolithically: casting the concrete continuously and uniformly

Overlap: a re-bar that lies over another re-bar (the overlap of steel reinforcement should be
4*the diameter of the bar)

Plumb bob: is an apparatus used to check vertical alignments.

Pitting: The formation of small pits in a surface of re-bars as a consequence of corrosion.

Solid slab: a slab constructed fully from concrete.

Trowel: A small hand tool with a handle and flat metal blade; used for scooping or
spreading plaster or similar materials

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering A 2017
Internship Report MGM CONSULT PLC

Fig 4.1: block A, block B and block C building in 3D

Unity University Ephrem Beyene


Department of Civil Engineering B 2017

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