EMBRYONIC

PERIOD
 EMBRYONIC PERIOD

Organogenesis
3rd to 8th weeks of life
Germ layers gives rise to specific tissues &
organs
ECTODERM
 Induces to form Neural Plate

Notochord
Prochordal mesoderm

Neuroectoderm is made up of cells from

NEURAL PLATE

Neuralation
 Neural Crest- from lateral border
neural plate

Migration of neural crest

1. Dorsal melano cytes
2. Ventral sensory ganglia, sympathetic
schwann cells, cells of adrenal medulla
MESODERM
Paraxial Mesoderm
Somitomeres
Neuromeres
Somites
4 occiput 1st disappear
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
8-10 cocygeal last 5 to 7
disappear
 Somites
42-44 pairs
Ventral and medial sclerotome (bone
connective tissue cartilage)
Dorsal and lateral myotome (muscle)
dermatome (dermis)
Intermediate mesoderm
Nephrotome and nephrogenic cords
excretory units of kidney and gonad
LATERAL MESODERM
 Lateral mesoderm
Parietal layer and ectoderm lateral and
anterior body wall
Visceral layer and endoderm-wall of the gut

Mesoderm cells of parietal layer lines the

pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities

Mesodermal layers of visceral layer forms

around each organ
Formation of blood vessels

Vasculogenesis
Angiogenesis
Hemangioblasts (Blood islands)

Central (hematopoeitic Peripheral (angioblasts)

stem cells) Precursor of blood
Precursor of blood cells vessels
ENDODERM
 Embryonic folding
1. Cephalocaudal
due to rapid development of brain
Result in formation of foregut, midgut, hindgut
2. Lateral (transverse)
Due to rapid growth of somites
Embryo become round in appearance
 Results of embryonic folding
Formation of foregut, midgut and hindgut
(formation of GIT and respiratory tract)
Formation of anterior and lateral body wall
Rounded appearance of embryo
Partial incorporation of allantois into the body
of embryo
 Determination of age of
embryo (Embryonic period)

1. Number of somites 4 to 5 weeks

2. Crown-rump 5 to 8 weeks
3. Crown-heel
 CRITERIA FOR ESTIMATING DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES IN HUMAN EMBRYOS
AGE (Days) LENGTH (cm) CHARACTRERISTICS
22-23 4-12 Embryo straight. Neural tube formed but open at
cephalic and caudal neuropores. 1st &
2nd branchial arches present.
24-25 2.5-4.5 Embryo curved:cephalic neuropores closed; otic &
optic placodes present.
26-27 3-5 Arm buds appear; caudal neuropore closed; 3 pairs
of arches present; heart prominence seen.
28-31 4-6 Embryo C-shaped curve;arm buds are flipper like;4
pairs branchial arches; leg buds present.
32 5-7 Forelimbs paddle-shaped; lens & nasal pits present

33-36 7-9 Hand plates formed; lens vesicle present; hindlimbs

paddle-shaped
AGE (Days) LENGTH (cm) CHARACTRERISTICS
37-40 8-11 Foot plates formed; auricular hillocks present.
41-43 11-14 Finger rays appears trunk start to straighten;
cerebral vesicle prominent
44-46 13-17 Toe rays present; elbow region visible
eyelids formed.
47-48 16-18 Limbs extend ventral
49-51 18-22 Upper limbs longer;fingers seen but
webbed; herniation at midgut
52-53 22-24 Fingers separate and longer; toes seen but
webbed
54-55 23-28 Toes separate;eyelids and ears more developed
56 27-31 Heads rounded & shows human characteristics
; external genitalia have sexless appearance; bulge
in umbilical cord due to herniation of intestines
 You will appreciate the wonders of Gods
creation by understanding how it came
about.

Thank You Very Much for Listening

and Good Day!