Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

AlbertaBridgeInventory
STANDARDBRIDGE InAlbertathereareabout13,300bridges.

& TypesofbridgesinAlberta:
CULVERTCOMPONENTS Standardbridges 3521 (26%)
Bridgesizeculverts 8348 (63%)
Majorbridges 1435 (11%)

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StandardBridges TypicalBridgeComponents
DECK
Anybridgewhichisbuiltusingstandardcomponentsand
accordingtostandarddrawings(plans). SUPERSTRUCTURE

Exceptionisstandardgirderbridgeswithcompositedecks
(e.g. SMC,SCC,SLC)whicharecurrentlyclassifiedas
majorbridges ABUTMENT PART OF
SUBSTRUCTURE

Forinspectionpurposesstandardbridgesaredividedinto PIER PART OF

SUBSTRUCTURE

twobasicfeatures:
Superstructure
Substructure
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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

TypicalBridgeComponents TypicalBridgeComponents
Superstructure Deck
Itcarriestheloadappliedtothedeckandtransfersittobridge Providesasmooth&saferidingsurface
supports. Transfersloadofthedecktoothercomponents.
Substructure Threecommonmaterialusedforthedeck:
Ittransfersloadfromthesuperstructuretothefoundationsoil Wood
orrock. Concrete
Steel
Itincludesallelementsbelowthebearings.

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SuperstructureforStandardBridges SuperstructureElements
SPLICE - EXPOSED EDGE
FACES AWAY FROM
APPROACHING TRAFFIC
WHEEL GUARD

Superstructurecomprisesofbearingsandallelements TIMBER POST

STRIP DECK
abovebearings,including: W - BEAM BRIDGERAIL

Bridgerail.
NOTE:
Hazardmarkers. TIMBER BLOCK
AT EVERY POST SUB DECK AND STRINGERS ARE
TREATED WITH CREOSOTE.

Timberstringerswithtimberdeck.
Reinforcedconcretegirders.
Prestressed concretegirders.
Bearings. Timber SUB DECK

Superstructure TIMBER STRINGERS

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

SuperstructureElements SuperstructureElements
HAZARD MARKER

APPROACH W BEAM 3.4 mm THICK

GUARDRAIL BRIDGERAIL CURB THRIE BEAM GUARDRAIL
BRIDGERAIL

GUARDRAIL APPROACH RAIL TRANSITION

Superstructure
Substructure
NEOPRENE
BEARING PAD CONCRETE TOP OF FINISHED ROADWAY
GIRDER
STEEL H - PILE
STEEL PIPE PILE CONCRETE CAP

SPAN 1 SPAN 2
NEOPRENE
HAZARD MARKER BEARING PAD CONCRETE
GIRDER
TUBE TYPE CONCRETE CAP
BRIDGERAIL CURB 2.7 mm THICK W-THRIE BEAM STEEL H - PILE
TRANSITION SECTION STEEL PIPE PILE
3.4 mm THICK
THRIE BEAM GUARDRAIL SPAN 1 SPAN 2
Superstructure
Substructure
TIMBER CAP CONCRETE
GIRDER

TIMBER PILE

SPAN 1 SPAN 2

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SuperstructureElements SuperstructureElements
22

2 11 7/8 PRODUCED FROM 1950 TO 1952

Reinforced Concrete Girders LENGTHS: 16, 20 & 28

28
16
Concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension. TYPE "A" INT. TYPE "A" CURB

Concrete bending members are reinforced with mild

reinforcing steel to produce reinforced concrete girders.

12
2 11 7/8
PRODUCED FROM 1953 TO 1960
ReinforcedConcrete LENGTHS: 20 & 28

16
Prestressed Concrete Girders Girders TYPE "G" INT. TYPE "G" CURB

Girders are reinforced with high strength steel under tension. 1 6

3 3
2 6

Girders are designed not to crack.

12
2 11 7/8

Generally more economical. PRODUCED FROM 1952 TO 1965

2 0
LENGTHS: 30, 35, 40 & 42
TYPE "E" INT. TYPE "E" CURB

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

SuperstructureElements SuperstructureElements
1 9
2 5 3/4 1 8

13 3/8
2 11 7/8

12
3 11 1/2
PRODUCED FROM 1961 TO 1974 PRODUCED FROM 1974 TO 1979
LENGTHS: 20, 28, 33 & 38 LENGTHS: 20, 25, 30 & 35

20
20

20
TYPE "HC" INT. TYPE "HC" CURB

ReinforcedConcrete TYPE VS INT. TYPE VS CURB

Prestressed Concrete
Girders 1 9
510
Girders 756

12
2 11 7/8

340
1206

PRODUCED FROM 1974 TO 1979 PRODUCED FROM 1979 TO 1990

510

510
LENGTHS: 20, 28, 33 & 38 LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10 & 11 m
22

TYPE VH" INT. TYPE "VH" CURB

TYPE SM INT. TYPE SM CURB

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SuperstructureElements 356 510

SuperstructureElements
340

1206

LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10 & 12 m
510
510

TYPE "SC" INT. TYPE "SC" EXT.

PrestressedConcrete 350
1206
Girders
50

LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10 & 12 m
510

TYPE "SC" INT. TYPE "SC" EXT.

350
1206
50

CURRENTLY IN USE
LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10, 12 & 14 m
510

TYPE "SL" INT. TYPE "SL" EXT.

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

SuperstructureElements SuperstructureElements C
STREAM

C BRIDGE
SKEW ANGLE "LHF"

BRIDGE

SKEWANGLE

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SuperstructureElements SuperstructureElements
HazardMarker Bearings
Warningsignatbridgeapproaches. Neopreneorrubberpadsorstrips.
Yellowboardwithblackslopinglines. Usedoversteelandconcretecaps.
Placedatendofthebridge,inlinewithrailing Transmitallloadsfromsuperstructureto
900

posts. substructure.
Permitlongitudinalmovementofthe
superstructure.
Allowrotationcausedbydeflection.

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

SubstructureElements SubstructureElements
Substructurecomprisesofallelementsbelowbearings.
Othercomponents:
Majorcomponents: Caps&Subcaps.
Abutments Piles.
PierorPileBent(HpilepierorPipepilepier) Sheathing&Bracing.
Wingwall
Backwall
Riprap

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SubstructureElements SubstructureElements
TIMBER SCAB

BACKWALL

Substructurescanbe: ANCHOR PILES

ABUTMENT CAP

ABUTMENT SUBCAP

Timberpileswithtimbercap CAP SPLICE

Timberpileswithsteelcap
ABUTMENT PILES

SteelHpileswithsteelcap
SteelHpileswithconcretecap
Steelpipepileswithconcretecap
WINGWALL
HEAVY ROCK
RIPRAP

WINGWALL
PILE

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

SubstructureElements STRUTS
SubstructureElements
PIER CAP

SINGLE ROW OF PILING IS 3.0 m

STEEL H PILE SCAB
DECK SURFACE

MAXIMUM HEIGHT FOR A

SUB CAP STEEL CAP
CAP SPLICE

3.0 m MAX.

6.0 m MAX.
STEEL BRACING

TimberPiers(2Types
GALVANIZED STEEL
OfBracing) H-PILES

HIGH BACKWALL ABUTMENT PIER STREAM BED STEEL NOSE

(HALF VIEW ONLY) (HALF VIEW ONLY)

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SubstructureElements SubstructureElements
WINGWALL PILE DECK SURFACE DECK SURFACE
CONCRETE WINGWALL
STEEL CAP
CONCRETE PIER CAP
1.25 m MAXIMIM

1.0 m
MAX
STEEL CAPITAL
3.5 m MAXIMIM

6.0 m
MAX
PLANK SHEATING

GALVANIZED STEEL
H-PILES
TIMBER PILES

STREAM BED
GALVANIZED PIPE
PILES
SPILL THROUGH ABUTMENT PIER ABUTMENT PIER
STREAM BED
HALF VIEW ONLY HALF VIEW ONLY (HALF VIEW ONLY) (HALF VIEW ONLY)

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

SubstructureElements SubstructureElements
C
ABUT. &
GALVANIZED STEEL CAP PILES
DOWEL

SC GIRDER

FILTER FABRIC
2.5 m
MAX

NEOPRENE PAD

T.T PLANKING
GALVANIZED STEEL CAP
HP 310 X 94

GALVANIZED STEEL
H-PILES

T.T NAILING STRIP GALVANIZED STEEL PILE

BOLTED TO PILE HP 310 X 94
SCPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEGIRDERBRIDGEWITHSTEELSUBSTRUCTURE
HIGHABUTMENTBACKWALL(ELEVATION) SCPRECASTGIRDERBRIDGEWITHSTEELSUBSTRUCTURE(SECTION)

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SubstructureElements SubstructureElements
STEEL CAP C
ASPHALT PIER
FIBRE BOARD PILES DOWEL

SC GIRDER SC GIRDER
PILE
BRACING STEEL NOSE
5.5 m

U/S
MAX

NEOPRENE PAD
2.5 m
MAX

GALVANIZED STEEL CAP

2 - HP 310 X 94 C/W STIFFENER
PLATES

GALVANIZED STEEL PILE

HP 310 X 94
GALVANIZED STEEL
PILES

SCPRECASTGIRDERBRIDGEWITHSTEELSUBSTRUCTUREPIER(ELEVATION) SCPRECASTGIRDERBRIDGEWITHSTEELSUBSTRUCTUREPIER(ELEVATION)

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

CulvertComponents
C
ROADWAY
CLAY SEAL
CROWN OF ROAD (BOTH ENDS)
CONCRETE SHOULDER
(OR COLLAR) CULVERT
RIPRAP
CONCRETE HEADWALL
U/S INVERT

CULVERTS STREAMBED (U/S)

INLET OUTLET

APRON
STREAMBED (D/S)

CONCRETE D/S INVERT

CUT-OFF WALL
BARREL SECTION

BEVEL END BEVEL END

LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH CULVERT

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CulvertComponents CulvertComponents
C CULVERT ARCH
(HEADWALL)
ROAD SURFACE

TOP PLATES COLLAR APRON

(ROOF OR TOP ARC)
SIDE PLATES
(WALL OR SIDE ARC)
RISE

CUT-OF-WALL
INVERT
ARCH
(HEADWALL)
BOTTOM PLATES
(FLOOR OR BOTTOM ARC)
INVERT COLLAR
SPAN

SECTION
CUT-OF-WALL

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

TypicalInletConfigurations ConcreteEndTreatment

H1

H2
SQUARE FLUSH SQUARE PROJECTING BEVEL FLUSH BELL-MOUTH
INLET INLET INLET INLET (PLAN)
F
Upliftforce,FisproportionaltoH1 H2
SeepageisproportionaltoH1 H2

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ConcreteEndTreatment ConcreteEndTreatment
Headwall

Concreteendtreatmenthasfiveimportantfunctions:
Shoulder 1. Weightprovidesdownwardforcetoresistuplift.
2. Cutoffwalllengthenstheseepagepath.
3. Shoulderstrengthensthebeveledges.
w
4. Enhancestheinlettransition.
F
5. Aesthetics.
Cut-off-wall

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

ClaySeals ClaySeals
Problemsduetoseepage: CLAY SEAL (EACH END)

Finematerialisremovedfromthegranularbackfill.
Lossofmaterialcreatesvoids.
Supportlengthofthebackfillisreduced.
Culvertcandeform.

Upliftforcesareincreased.

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ScourProtection Aprons ScourProtection Aprons

Flowingwatercausesshearforcesonthebed. Riprapisplacedtoprotecttheendofculverts.
Shearforceisproportionaltovelocity. Largerandheavierriprapprovideshighershearresistance.
Highshearforceswillerodebedandbankmaterial. Cutoffwallhelpsanchorriprap.
Causesfillstabilityproblemsatinletandoutlet.
Causesstructuraldeformation.

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 Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridge & Culvert Components

Culvert(SPCSP)Installation Culvert(SPCSP)Installation

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END

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