ABSTRACT

Chronic diseases such as cancer, and other non-communicable diseases

are fast replacing communicablediseases in India and other developing countries.
Gastric cancer is the second most common malignancy in Southern India.
Chromosomal anomalies have been postulated to be as one of the principal
genetic factors in gastric cancer. Cytogenetic evaluation of patients with gastric
cancer reveals an increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations when
compared with the normal population. The objective of this study was to
determine the chromosomal abnormalities in gastric cancer cases using
karyotyping.

10 cases of gastric cancer were studied with 2 gender-matched controls

prior to any antibiotics administration. Karyotyping was performed on peripheral
blood lymphocytes cultured by standard Hungerford method. The slides were
stained by G banding technique.

Eight cases showed chromosomal aberrations of which 2 cases showed

chromosome type aberrations (CSA) and the remaining 6 cases showed
Chromatid type aberrations (CTA). Human chromosome 17 has been reported as
the biomarker gene for gastric cancer and this study substantiates the earlier
studies. Cytogenetic studies thus helps us to identify the biomarkers of cancer.

I
 ABBREVIATIONS

ter: Terminal end of chromosome

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE II
INSTITUTION CERTIFICATE III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
ABSTRACT VI
ABRREVIATIONS VII
NOMENCLATURE VIII

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 CANCER IN INDIA 1

1.2 GASTRIC CANCER 1

1.2.1 EPIDEMIOLOGY 1

1.2.2 STAGES OF CANCER 1

1.2.3 RISK FACTORS 4

1.3 CANCER GENETICS 6

1.4 CYTOGENETICS 6

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 1.4.1 HUMAN CHROMOSOMES 6

1.4. 2 CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY 7

1.4.3 CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS 8

1. 4. 4 CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES 9

1.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10

2. OBJECTIVE 16

3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 16

3.1 PREPARATION OF REAGENTS 16

3.1.1 RPMI 1640 16

3.1.2 FOETAL BOVINE SERUM (FBS) 16

3.1.3 PHYTOHAEMAGLUTININ (PHA) 16

3. 1.4 GIEMSA STAINING SOLUTION 17

3.2 STUDY SUBJECTS 17

3.3 CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS 17

3.3.1 BLOOD COLLECTION 17

3.3.2 CULTURING OF PBLS 18

3.3.3 HARVESTING & SLIDE PREPARATION 18

3.3.4 SCORING 18

4. RESULTS 19

5. DISCUSSION 21

6. CONCLUSION 22

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7. REFERENCES 22