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Rigid Pavement Mechanics

Curling Stresses
Major Distress Conditions
Cracking
Bottom-up transverse cracks
Top-down transverse cracks
Longitudinal cracks
Corner breaks
Punchouts (CRCP)

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Major Distress Conditions

Punchouts

Cracks

Corner Break

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Major Distress Conditions
Cracking
Bottom-up transverse cracks
Top-down transverse cracks
Longitudinal cracks
Corner breaks
Punchouts (CRCP)
Joint Faulting
Pumping
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Major Distress Conditions

Faulting

Pumping

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Sources of Stress
Wheel Loads
Curing Shrinkage
Thermal Contraction/Expansion
Thermal Curling
Moisture Warping

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Design Considerations
Slab Thickness
Base Type and Thickness
Drainage
Joint Spacing
Temperature Steel
Dowel Bars
Tie Bars

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Beam Bending

qo = q b (applied load per unit length)

qo

ko

R R

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Beam Bending

dM
V
dx 2
d M
2
qo
dV dx
qo
dx

Shear and Moment Relationships


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Beam Bending

2
1 d w
2
R dx d w 2
M EI 2
M dx

EI

Moment-Curvature Relationships
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Beam Bending

d 2
d w
2

2
EI 2 qo
dx dx

4
d w
EI 4 qo
dx

Governing Differential Equation for Beam Bending


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Beams on Elastic Foundations

qo = q b (applied load per unit length)

qo

ko

R R

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Beams on Elastic Foundations

qo = q b (applied load per unit length)

qo

ko

p = ko w = k b w (resistance per unit length)


Modulus of Subgrade Reaction

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Beams on Elastic Foundations

dM
V
dx 2
d M
2
ko w qo
dV dx
ko w qo
dx

Shear and Moment Relationships


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Beam Bending

2
1 d w
2
R dx d w 2
M EI 2
M dx

EI

Moment-Curvature Relationships
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Beams on Elastic Foundations

d 2
d w
2

2
EI 2 ko w qo
dx dx

d 4w
EI 4 ko w qo
dx

Governing Differential Equation for Beam Bending


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Beams on Elastic Foundations
4
d w
EI 4 ko w 0
dx
w ex C1 sin x C2 cos x ex C3 sin x C4 cos x

k
4 o (flexibility)
4 EI
Solution of the Homogeneous Differential Equation
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Slabs on Elastic Foundations

2
d w
M EI 2 Beams
dx

2w 2w
Mx D 2 2 Slabs
x y

Moment-Curvature Relationships
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Slabs on Elastic Foundations

3
Eh
D

12 1 2

Slab Stiffness
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Slabs on Elastic Foundations

d 4w
EI 4 ko w qo Beams
dx

4w w
4
w
4
D 4 2 2 2 4
kw q Slabs
x x y y Modulus of
Subgrade Reaction

Governing Differential Equation for Slab Bending


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Slabs on Elastic Foundations

k
4 o Beam Flexibility
4 EI
Radius of
Relative
Stiffness
D Eh3
4 4

Slab Stiffness
k 12 1 k
2

Solution of the Homogeneous Differential Equation


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Stresses Due to Curling
Temperature Curling
COOL
UPWARD CURLING

WARM

DOWNWARD CURLING
WARM

COOL

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Moisture Warping
DRY
UPWARD WARPING

WET

DOWNWARD WARPING
WET

DRY

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Reference Axes

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Infinite Slab Curling

x y
x
E E

y x
y
E E

Hookes Law for an Infinite Elastic Plate


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Slab Bent About y-axis

y
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Infinite Slab Curling

y
x
y 0
E E

y x 0

y x

If slab is bent about the y axis, y = 0


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Infinite Slab Curling

x x x
x
E

E

E
1 2

E x
x
1 2

Slab bent about y axis


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Slab Bent About x-axis

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Infinite Slab Curling

x y
x 0
E E

x y 0

x y

If slab is bent about the x axis, x = 0


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Infinite Slab Curling

y y y
y
E

E

E
1 2

E y
y
1 2

Slab bent about x axis


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Infinite Slab Curling

Coefficient of
Thermal Expansion

t
x y
2

Strains due to temperature difference t through slab depth


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Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Aggregate Coefficient
Type (10-6 in/in/oF)
Quartz 6.6
Sandstone 6.5
Gravel 6.0
Granite 5.3
Basalt 4.8
Limestone 3.8
Average 5.5
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Infinite Slab Curling

E x Et
x
1 2
2 1 2

Et
y x

2 1 2

Stresses due to curling about y axis due to temperature difference


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Infinite Slab Curling

E y Et
y
1 2
2 1 2
Et
x y

2 1 2

Stresses due to curling about x axis due to temperature difference


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Infinite Slab Curling

Et Et
x, y

2 1 2

2 1 2

Maximum curling stresses in an infinite slab


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Finite Slab Curling


Et Et
x , y C1 C2

2 1 2

2 1 2

Curling stresses in the Interior of a Finite Slab


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Finite Slab Curling

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Finite Slab Curling

y x 0 0


Et
x, y C1
2

Curling stresses at the Edges of a Finite Slab


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Temperature Gradients
Slab Temperature
Source Thickness Gradient

AASHO Road Test 6.5" 3.2F/in

1.5F/in

Arlington Road Test 6" 3.7F/in

9" 3.4F/in

Typical Assumption 6 9" 3.0F/in

1.5F/in

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Example
Calculate the curling stresses in a concrete slab
25128 thick subject to a daytime temperature
difference of 24F (i.e., a temperature gradient of
3F/in). Assume the slab is resting on a foundation
with a 200-psi/in modulus of subgrade reaction.

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Standard Assumptions
Assume = 0.15 (use for all PCC)
Assume = 5.5106 in/in/F (typical)
Assume fc = 5000 psi (typical)
Estimate psi
Estimate psi
Estimate psi
Not needed for this problem

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