Force

The net force

acting on an object is defined as the vector sum of all forces acting on the object. (We
sometimes refer to the net force as the total force, the resultant force, or the unbalanced
force.) If the net force exerted on an object is zero, the acceleration of the object
is zero and its velocity remains constant. That is, if the net force acting on the object
is zero, the object either remains at rest or continues to move with constant velocity.
When the velocity of an object is constant (including when the object is at rest), the
object is said to be in equilibrium.
Newton's First Law
Newton's first law of motion is often stated as
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same
direction force. In simpler terms, we can say that when no force acts on an object, the acceleration of the
object is zero. If nothing acts to change the objects motion, then its velocity does not change. From the first
law, we conclude that any isolated object (one that does not interact with its environment) is either at rest or
moving with constant velocity. The tendency of an object to resist any attempt to change its velocity is called
inertia.

Newton's first law of motion states that "An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion
with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force." Objects tend to
"keep on doing what they're doing." In fact, it is the natural tendency of objects to resist changes in their state
of motion. This tendency to resist changes in their state of motion is described as inertia.

Inertia: the resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion.

Sate of motion

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. But what is meant by the phrase
state of motion? The state of motion of an object is defined by its velocity - the speed with a direction. Thus,
inertia could be redefined as follows:

Inertia: tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity.

An object at rest has zero velocity - and (in the absence of an unbalanced force) will remain with a zero
velocity. Such an object will not change its state of motion (i.e., velocity) unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force. An object in motion with a velocity of 2 m/s, East will (in the absence of an unbalanced force) remain in
motion with a velocity of 2 m/s, East. Such an object will not change its state of motion (i.e., velocity) unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force. Objects resist changes in their velocity.As learned in an earlier unit, an
object that is not changing its velocity is said to have an acceleration of 0 m/s/s. Thus, we could provide an
alternative means of defining inertia:

Inertia: tendency of an object to resist acceleration.

5.4 Newtons Second Law

Newtons first law explains what happens to an object when no forces act on it. It either remains at rest or
moves in a straight line with constant speed. Newtons second law answers the question of what happens to
an object that has nonzero resultant force acting on it. Imagine performing an experiment in which you push a
block of ice across a frictionless horizontal surface. When you exert some horizontal force F on the block, it
moves with some acceleration a. If you apply a force twice as great, you find that the acceleration of the block
doubles. If you increase the applied force to 3F, the acceleration triples, and so on.

From such observations, we conclude that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
force acting on it.

The acceleration of an object also depends on its mass, as stated in the preceding section. We can understand
this by considering the following experiment. If you apply a force F to a block of ice on a frictionless surface,
the block undergoes some acceleration a. If the mass of the block is doubled, the same applied force produces
acceleration a/2. If the mass is tripled, the same applied force produces acceleration a/3, and so on.
According to this observation, we conclude that the magnitude of the acceleration of an object is inversely
proportional to its mass.

Thus, we can relate mass, acceleration, and force through the following mathematical

Statement of Newtons second law:

F= ma

Newton 3rd law of motion

Definition

Every action has equal reaction which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction;

P=mv

A=Vf-vi