IELTS WRITING TASK 2

Time: 40 minutes
Length: > 250 words
Tiu chun nh gi
1. Task Achievement
2. Coherence and Cohesion
3. Lexical Resource (Topic Vocab: technology, education, environment, advertising,)
4. Grammatical Range & Accuracy (Relative Clause, Passive, Conditional 1/2/3)
Cc dng cu hi thng gp
1. Opinion Do you agree or disagree?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Is this a positive or negative development?
2. Discussion Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
What are the benefits and drawbacks?
Discuss both sides/ these two views
3. Discussion + Opinion Discuss both views and give your opinion
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Causes and solutions What are the causes and suggest some solutions
to the problem?
5. 2-part Question Why is this the case? Is it a positive or negative
development?

Cu trc ca 1 bi essay
1. Introduction
- Paraphrase the topic
- Answer the question (in a general way). Give your opinion if you are asked to.
2. Body paragraph 1
Cch trin khai

1 idea - Start with an idea 2-3 - Firstly

ideas
- Explain it in detail - Secondly

- Give example - Finally/ Furthermore

3. Body paragraph 2
4. Conclusion
- Paraphrase your idea again (in a different way)
 Type of question Example conclusion phrases
Opinion For the reasons mentioned above, I believe that (+repeat
your opinion)
Discussion (+Opinion) In conclusion, there are convincing arguments both for and
against (topic), but I believe that (if the question asks
for your opinion).
Advantages and In conclusion, I would argue that the benefits of (topic)
disadvantages outweigh the drawbacks.
Problem and solution In conclusion, it is clear that there are various reasons
for(topic), and steps need to be taken to tackle this
problem.
Cc li thng gp:
- Hiu sai
- Vit tt
- Dng k hiu (/ etc)
- Qu nhiu t
- Dng i t nhn xng khi bi khng hi kin (I/ we)
- Dng cu trc qu n gin hoc qu phc tp
Thay th nhng t qu n gin bng nhng t mang tnh hc thut sau:
-get: acquire, obtain, gain, receive
-have: undergo, encounter, experience, possess
-give: provide, present, contribute, offer, supply
-do: participate, perform, conduct, undertake, be involved in, engage to
-enough: sufficient, adequate
-not enough: insufficient, inadequate
-many: various, numerous, large number of, a variety of, a range of, an increasing number/ amount
-more: additional, further, added
-too much: excessive, an excess of
-things: priorities, sectors, items, articles, objects, issues, concern matters
-big: significant, substantial, considerable, tremendous
-important: prime, principal, major, essential, crucial, critical, vital
HOW TO MAKE YOUR ESSAYS COHESIVE?
1. Use connectors/linkers
Introducing your opinion In my opinion/ it seems to me that
Sequencing Firstly/ secondly/ next/ to begin with
Giving examples For example/ for instance/ namely
Adding similar ideas In addition/ another reason is/ also
Contrasting ideas In contrast/ on the other hand/ although
Explaining results As a result/ for this reason/ consequently
Providing explanations Because (of)/ due to/ owning to
Drawing conclusions In conclusion/ to sum up
2. Use pronouns like this, that, it, they,
3. Use synonyms or different grammatical structures with various forms of a word (Noun, Verb, Adjective)
 TYPE OF ESSAY: OPINION
Structure
Introduction: Paraphrase the topic (1 - 2 sentences):
While some people believe..., others claim
It is true that..../ It is argued that / X has always been a controversial issue.
People have different views about.../
- Agree: Personally, I totally agree that...
- Disagree: In my opinion, I completely disagree with the idea that...
- Neutral: To a certain extent I agree that, however, I also believe that
Body: 2 paragraphs
- Vit 2 on chng minh Agree/ Disagree vi chn
- Neutral: vit mi on 1
Conclusion
Topic: Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and should be banned. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
In recent years, extreme sports have become increasingly popular, and some people argue that
governments should prohibit them. I completely disagree with the idea that these sports are too dangerous,
and I therefore believe that they should not be banned.
In my opinion, so-called extreme sports are not as dangerous as many people think. All sports
involve some elements of risk, and there should always be clear regulations and safety procedures to reduce
the possibility of accidents. People who take part in extreme sports are usually required to undergo
appropriate training so that the dangers are minimised. For example, anyone who wants to try skydiving will
need to sign up for lessons with a registered club, and beginners are not allowed to dive solo; they must be
accompanied by an experienced professional. Finally, the protective equipment and technology used in
sports from motor racing to mountain climbing is constantly improving safety.
While I support regulations and safety measures, I believe that it would be wrong, and almost
impossible, to ban extreme sports. In the first place, we should all be free to decide how we spend our
leisure time; as long as we understand the risks, I do not believe that politicians should stop us from
enjoying ourselves. However, an even stronger argument against such a ban would be the difficulty of
enforcing it. Many of the most risky sports, like base jumping or big wave surfing, are practised far away
from the reach of any authorities. I cannot imagine the police being called to stop people from parachuting
off a mountain face or surfing on an isolated beach.
In conclusion, people have right to enjoy the sports they love so extreme games should not be
prohibited completely. Moreover, I believe the risk factors can always be minimised by allowing the play
under the supervision of experts.
PRACTICE: It is impossible to help all people in the world, so governments should only focus on
people in their own countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can study online. Is this a
positive or negative development?
It is true that online courses are becoming a common feature of university education. Although there are
some drawbacks of Internet-based learning, I would argue that there are far more benefits.
The main drawback of the trend towards online university courses is that there is less direct interaction.
Students may not have the opportunity to engage face-to-face with their teachers, and will instead have to
rely on written forms of communication. Similarly, students who study online do not come into direct
contact with each other, and this could have a negative impact on peer support, discussion and exchange of
ideas. For example, whereas students on traditional courses can attend seminars and even discuss their
subjects over coffee after lessons, online learners are restricted to chatting through website forum areas.
These learners may also lack the motivation and element of competition that face-to-face group work brings.
Despite the negatives mentioned above, I believe that online university courses are a positive development
for various reasons. Firstly, they allow learners to study in a flexible way, meaning that they can work
whenever and wherever is convenient, and they can cover the material at their own pace. Secondly, the cost
of a university education can be greatly reduced, while revenues for institutions may increase as more
students can be taught. Finally, online learning offers open access to anybody who is willing to study,
regardless of age, location, ability and background. For example, my uncle, who is 65 years old, has
recently enrolled on an online MBA course in a different country, which would have been impossible in the
days before Internet-based education.
In conclusion, while I recognize the possible disadvantages of online learning, I consider it to be a positive
development overall.
 TYPE OF ESSAY: DISCUSSION
Structure
Introduction: Paraphrase the topic (1 - 2 sentences):
While some people believe..., others claim
It is true that..../ It is argued that / X has always been a controversial issue.
People have different views about.../
- Discussion: This essay will examine both views.
- Discussion + Opinion: While there are some benefits in, I would argue that it is better to
Body: 2 paragraphs
- On the one hand
- On the other hand
Conclusion

Topic: Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by their teachers, whereas
others argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children. Discuss both of these
views and give your own opinion.
Peoples opinions differ as to whether or not school children should be given homework. While there are
some strong arguments against the setting of homework, I still believe that it is a necessary aspect of
education.
There are several reasons why people might argue that homework is an unnecessary burden on children.
Firstly, there is evidence to support the idea that homework does nothing to improve educational outcomes.
Countries such as Finland, where school children are not given homework, regularly top international
educational league tables and outperform nations where setting homework is the norm. Secondly, many
parents would agree that the school day is already long enough, and leaves their children too tired to do
further study when they return home. Finally, it is recognised that play time is just as beneficial as study
time from the perspective of brain development.
In spite of the above arguments, I support the view that homework has an important role to play in the
schooling of children. The main benefit of homework is that it encourages independent learning and
problem solving, as children are challenged to work through tasks alone and at their own pace. In doing so,
students must apply the knowledge that they have learnt in the classroom. For example, by doing
mathematics exercises at home, students consolidate their understanding of the concepts taught by their
teacher at school. In my view, it is important for children to develop an independent study habit because this
prepares them to work alone as adults.
In conclusion, homework certainly has its drawbacks, but I believe that the benefits outweigh them in the
long term.
Homework: Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful
career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
When they finish school, teenagers face the dilemma of whether to get a job or continue their education.
While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after school, I would argue that it is better to go to
college or university.
The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons. Many young people want to
start earning money as soon as possible. In this way, they can become independent, and they will be able to
afford their own house or start a family. In terms of their career, young people who decide to find work,
rather than continue their studies, may progress more quickly. They will have the chance to gain real
experience and learn practical skills related to their chosen profession. This may lead to promotions and a
successful career.
On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial for students to continue their studies. Firstly, academic
qualifications are required in many professions. For example, it is impossible to become a doctor, teacher or
lawyer without having the relevant degree. As a result, university graduates have access to more and better
job opportunities, and they tend to earn higher salaries than those with fewer qualifications. Secondly, the
job market is becoming increasingly competitive, and sometimes there are hundreds of applicants for one
position in a company. Young people who do not have qualifications from a university or college will not be
able to compete.
For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that students are more likely to be successful in their
careers if they continue their studies beyond school level.
 3/ Problems and solutions
e.g. Many young people who leave school hold a negative attitude towards learning. Why does this
happen? What are the solutions?
Phi tm ra nguyn nhn ca vn /hin tng c nu ra trong bi v ng thi a ra cc
bin php gii quyt cho vn .
Structure
Introduction

Main Body Paragraph 1

Main Body Paragraph 2

Conclusion
Sample Answer
Learners are becoming ever more dependent on technology, such as the internet and mobile devices.
This essay will discuss one of the main problems associated with dependence on computers and suggest a
viable solution, before coming to a reasoned conclusion.
The principal problem with over reliance on technology, such as tablets and computers, is
plagiarism. Students often use search engines to answer a question and simply copy the text from a website,
rather than thinking about the question. This practice is not only prohibited in schools and universities, but
also stunts a students intellectual development. For example, many teachers complain that students copy
web pages straight from Wikipedia word for word rather than giving a reasoned answer to their questions.
A solution to this worrying problem is asking students to email their answers to teachers and
teachers using anti-plagiarism software to detect copying. Moreover, students would be made aware of this
practice and this would inspire them to answer questions using their own words, rather than someone elses.
For instance, many universities already use this kind software to scan course work for plagiarism and it
could be extended to include all homework, by learners in both secondary and tertiary education.
In summary, one of the main problems with over-use of technology in education is plagiarism and
this can be solved through the use of plagiarism detection software. It is predicted that more and more
students will email their work to their teacher and this work will be scrutinised for plagiarism.
 TYPE OF ESSAY: CAUSES AND EFFECTS
Structure
Introduction: Paraphrase the topic (1 - 2 sentences)
It is undeniably true that
This essay will discuss some reasons and examine the consequences of
Body 1
One of the underlying causes of this problems is
Another factor leading to this situation is
Another possible cause lies in
Body 2
One of the most serious consequences of this is
The second (adverse/ negative) impact is
also has a detrimental effect on
Conclusion
To sum up, it is clear that there are several causes of followed by a variety of negative
effects.
Topic: The percentage of overweight children in western society has increased by almost 20% in the last
ten years. Discuss the causes and effects of this disturbing trend.
Topic: The percentage of overweight children in western society has increased by almost 20% in the last
ten years. Discuss the causes and effects of this disturbing trend.
Over the last ten years, western societies have seen close to a 20% rise in the number of children who are
overweight. This essay will discuss some reasons why this has occurred and examine the consequences of
this worrying trend.
The main cause of this problem is poor diet. Over the last decade there has been a prolific increase in the
number of fast food restaurants. For example, on nearly every high street there is a MacDonalds, Kentucky
Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut. The food in these places has been proven to be very unhealthy, and much of
the advertising is targeted at children, thus ensuring that they constitute the bulk of the customers of these
establishments. However, it is not only due to eating out, but also the type of diet many children have at
home. A lot of food consumed is processed food, especially with regards to ready-made meals which are a
quick and easy option for parents who are working hard.
The effects of this have been and will continue to be very serious. Firstly, there has been a large increase in
health related diseases amongst children, especially diabetes. This debilitating illness means a child has to
be injected with insulin for the rest of their life. Not only this, very overweight children often experience
bullying from other children, which may affect their mental health. The negative stigma of being overweight
may also affect self-esteem.
To sum up, it is evident that there are several causes of obesity amongst children, and a variety of negative
effects. Society must ensure steps are taken to prevent this problem from deteriorating further.
5/ Pros and cons/ advantages and disadvantages
e.g. In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of the
cities and into regional areas. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Or:
In many countries, the proportion of older people is increasing steadily. What is the positive and
negative change of this trend to the society?
Structure
Introduction
X has gained in popularity recently. Although this may consist of several downsides, its positive
edges are undeniable.
Body 1
There are reasons for advocating In fact, Besides, Moreover,
One of the advantages/ another benefit
Body 2
Nevertheless,
Conclusion
Both views are examined, I still believe that the benefits of X outweigh its drawbacks.
Sample Answer
It is argued that technology is playing an every increasing role in schools and universities. This essay
will firstly, discuss student freedom as one of the main advantages of this and secondly, outline decreasing
levels of face to face contact as one of the main disadvantages, followed by a reasoned conclusion.
One of the principle advantages of an increase in the use electronic devices in education is the
autonomy it provides students. Students have the freedom to focus on whatever topic or subject they want
and study it in depth through the internet. A prime example of this is the amount of online university courses
available to students, covering a myriad of subjects, that up until recently were unavailable to most learners.
This has resulted in more people studying third level degrees than ever before, at a pace and schedule that
suits them.
The main disadvantage associated with increasing use of technology in education is the decrease in
face to face interaction between students. Students spend more time looking at computer screens by
themselves than interacting with each other. For instance, the recent explosion in smart phone use has been
at the expense of genuine human interaction. This results in soft skills, such as verbal communication and
empathy, being effected.
In conclusion, the benefits technology brings to education, such as student autonomy, must be
weighed against the drawbacks, such as negative effects on human interaction. Overall, the educational
benefits outweigh the disadvantages because human beings will always want human contact and most
people will not solely use IT for education.
6/ Two questions essay
e.g. With the increasing demand for energy sources such as oil and gas, should people be looking for
sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places? Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages of damaging such areas?
Or:
Many people decide on a career path early in their lives and keep to it. This, they argue, leads to a
more satisfying working life. To what extent do you agree with this view? What other things can people do
in order to have a satisfying working life?
Structure
Introduction
Sentence 1- Paraphrase Question
Sentence 2- Outline Sentence (mention both questions)
Main Body Paragraph 1
Sentence 1- Answer first question directly
Sentence 2- Explain why
Sentence 3- Further explain
Sentence 4- Example
Main Body Paragraph 2
Sentence 1- Answer second question directly
Sentence 2- Explain why
Sentence 3- Further explain
Sentence 4- Example
Conclusion
Sentence 1- Summary
Sample Answer
As the majority of adults spend most of their time at work, being content with your career is a crucial
part of a persons health and happiness. This essay will first discuss which elements lead to job satisfaction
and it will then address the question of how likely it is that everyone can be happy with their job.
The two most important things that lead to someone being satisfied at work are being treated with
respect by managers and being compensated fairly. If those more senior than you respect you as a person
and the job you are doing then you feel like you are valued. A fair salary and benefits are also important
considerations because if you feel you are being underpaid you will either resent your bosses or look for
another job. There two factors came top of a recent job satisfaction survey conducted by Monster.com, that
found that 72% of people were pleased with their current role if their superiors regularly told them they
were appreciated.
 With regards to the question of happiness for all workers, I think this is and always will be highly
unlikely. The vast majority of people fail to reach their goals and end up working in a post they dont really
care about in return for a salary. This money is just enough to pay their living expenses which often means
they are trapped in a cycle of disenchantment. For example, The Times recently reported that 89% of office
workers would leave their jobs if they did not need the money.
In conclusion, being satisfied with your trade or profession is an important part of ones well being
and respect from ones colleagues and fair pay can improve your level of happiness, however job
satisfaction of all workers is an unrealistic prospect.
Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can study online. Is this a positive or
negative development?
Introduction:
It is true that online courses are becoming a common feature of university education. Although there are
some drawbacks of Internet-based learning, I would argue that there are far more benefits.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, while I recognise the possible disadvantages of online learning, I consider this to be a
positive development overall.

These days many of us prefer to throw damaged things away, whereas in the past people used to repair
damaged items and keep them for a long time. Explain why you think this change has happened. What
are the effects of this change in attitude?
For this type of question, I would start with an "It is true..." sentence, followed by a "There are
various..." sentence:
It is true that people tend to discard their old or damaged possessions these days, rather than repairing
them. There are various reasons why we behave in this way, and it seems to me that the effects are largely
negative.
Type 2: DISCUSSION
Topic: Some people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it
is better to study alone. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
 WRITING TASK 2
3 step plans
1. Read and understand the question:
- Highlight, underline key parts
2. Plan your essay structure (4 paragraphs)
- Intro: topic + answer
- Body paragraph 1
- Body paragraph 2
- Conclusion: Repeat answer
3. Plan ideas for the 2 main paragraphs
- Brainstorm, note down any ideas
- Develop ideas in detail
- Keep asking yourself why
- Think of examples to support ideas
Type 1: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
Essay structure and ideas
1. Introduction: introduce the topic, then give a general answer
2. Difficulties:
3. Solutions:
4. Conclusion: repeat / summarize
Topic: More and more people are migrating to cities in search of a better life, but city life can be extremely
difficult. Explain some of the difficulties of living in a city. How can governments make urban life better for
everyone?
Cities are often seen as places of opportunity, but there are also some major drawbacks of living in a large
metropolis. In my opinion, governments could do much more to improve city life for the average inhabitant.
The main problem for anyone who hopes to migrate to a large city is that the cost of living is likely to be
much higher than it is in a small town or village. Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing,
transport, and even food. Another issue is that urban areas tend to suffer from social problems such as high
crime and poverty rates in comparison with rural areas. Furthermore, the air quality in cities is often poor, due
to pollution from traffic, and the streets and public transport systems are usually overcrowded. As a result,
city life can be unhealthy and stressful.
However, there are various steps that governments could take to tackle these problems. Firstly, they could
invest money in the building of affordable or social housing to reduce the cost of living. Secondly, politicians
have the power to ban vehicles from city centres and promote the use of cleaner public transport, which would
help to reduce both air pollution and traffic congestion. In London, for example, the introduction of a
congestion charge for drivers has helped to curb the traffic problem. A third option would be to develop
provincial towns and rural areas, by moving industry and jobs to those regions, in order to reduce the pressure
on major cities.
In conclusion, governments could certainly implement a range of measures to enhance the quality of life for
all city residents.