Presentation - Clean A Ir 2017 - JBM Slides

13th International Conference on Energy for a
Clean Environment, July 2-6, 2017, So Miguel, Azores, Portugal
Torrefied woody residues as a substitute fuel:

results of a 100 kg/h pilot plant operation and
combustion evaluation of the products
Dr MICHEL Jean-Bernard1, Mr MCCORMICK Mark1 , ROPP Julien 1
Ms TANSLEY Claire2, Dr CORREA Boris2
Mr SATTLER Michael3 , Mr VGELI Mario3
With the financial support of the State of Vaud, Switzerland within the framework of the program "100
million for renewable energy and energy efficiency.
jean-bernard.michel@heig-vd.ch | 1
13th Clean Air conference , Azores, July 2017
Industrial bionergy systems laboratory
jean-bernard.michel@heig-vd.ch | 2
Context & Process Production
objectives & plant tests
Scale-up, Combustion
economy tests
| 3
13th Clean Air conference , Azores, July 2017 jean-bernard.michel@heig-vd.ch
You all like torrefied coffee
Torrefied biomass
4 |
Why more wood ?
Europe's forest cover is increasing by 800 000 ha every year
since 1990: 700 million m every year (300 kgC/ m)
Only 64% of annual growth is harvested
https://youngforest.org/
Source: http://www.europeanwood.org.cn/en/forest-growth
| 5
Remaining Woody Biomass Resource ?
Forest wood Wood from Others:

(incl. residues) landscape
Largest sustainable maintenance Waste wood (class A & B)
potential
Large potential, low Industrial wood residues
Variable quality/cost cost.
Used mainly to make
compost
| 6
Overall goal: make it easy for the
market
Simple feedstock
Complicated feedstock normalised
|
Why torrefaction ?
High efficiency fuel and with a constant calorific value
Hydrophobic fuel, enabling external storage
Reduced transport costs
Reduced grinding costs
Reduced carbon footprint
Seasonal storage & tradability

Standardisation ISO 17225-8 (Draft standard published, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications
and classes Part 8: Graded thermally treated and densified biomass fuels)
| 8
Hygroscopic behaviour - warmwater 60 seconds
| 9
Context of the project
|
Project history 2015-2017: pilot testing & scale-up
towards profitability threshold of 500 kg/h
2012-2015: studies, design and

construction of a 100 kg/h pilot
2011-2013: torrefaction tests

HEIG-VD 6 kg/h
2008-2010: combustion tests

HEIG-VD
2005-2009: Pilot 50 kg/h

ECN, The Netherlands
|
economy tests
| 12
Torrefaction process Principle
CHP
For one unit of mass Torgas combustion for

and energy input heat and power
1 Dry mass 0.3 M 0.7 M

1 Energy 0.1 E 0.9 E
1 E/M 0.3 E/M 1.3 E/M
Torrefaction
Drying Anaerobic heating
<20% moisture 230-300C
Slightly exothermal
Raw biomass Torrefied biomass
HCV: 18-20 MJ/kg HCV : 21-26 MJ/kg
Moisture: 30-50% Moisture < 6%
| 13
Process overview
| 14
Automated and integrated pilot plant
Power supply,
controls & supervision
Raw
biomass storage and feeding system
Flox burner system with turbo-compressor Torrefactor Thermal oil heater
Screw cooler of torrefied chips
|
3-D view
| 16
Inauguration of the pilot plant
Press conference, 9 May 2016
Official inauguration by two state councellers
Many press articles and 2 TV news reports
Jacqueline de Quattro Anne-Catherine Lyon Jean-Bernard

Claire Tansley
State Councelor Michel
GRT GROUP State Councelor
HEIG-VD
| 17
economy tests
| 18
Main results
Seven runs: 17 to 42 hours, continuous operation
Mass loss: 21% to 32% (about 8-10% energy loss)
High heating value of products: 20.6-21.7 MJ/kg increase of 5-8 %
Meet ISO/TS 17225-8

Biomass type Average Ash (% dry LCV (MJ/kg
moisture matter) as received)
(%)
Wood chips for heating. raw 20-24 0.8-1.0 13.6 - 15.5
Mainly softwood torrefied 2.2-5.8 1.0-1.3 19.7 - 21.6
Mixture of soft wood chips raw 27.3-36.9 1.6-2.0 11.4 13.6
and hogged residues torrefied 4-8.7* 1.9-2.3 18.7-20.8
|
Biomass types
Wood chips for heating. Mixture of Mixture of soft wood chips and
softwood and hardwood, 3rd category hogged residues
| 20
Example of measured temperatures and
flow rates in the dryer
300 900
Tempertatures (C), flow rates

800
250
700
Temperatures (C)
200 600
500
150
400
100 300
200
50
100
0 0
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
Time (h)
First chamber temp. (C) Middle chamber temp. (C)
Final chamber temp. (C) Raw biomass flowrate (kg/h)
Oil temp. (C) Inlet gas temperature (C)
Combustion gas flow rate (Nm3/h)
| 21
Example of measured temperatures in the
torrefactor
300 450
400
250
350
Temperatures (C)
200 300
Temperatures (C)
250
150
200
100 150
100
50
50
0 0
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
Time
First chamber temp. (C) Middle chamber temp. (C)
Final chamber temp. (C) Wood inlet temp. (C)
Biomass exit temp. (C) Torgaz exit temp. (C)
| 22
Van Krevelen diagram of the results
1 2
3 4
5 6
| 23
Correlations obtained with hog wood
1.60 24.00
1.50 y = 1.9452x + 0.1697 23.00

R = 0.8112
HCV (dry, MJ/kg)

1.40
22.00
H/C
1.30
21.00
1.20
y = -13.777x + 29.535
1.10 R = 0.8537 20.00
1.00 19.00
0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75
O/C (molar)
H/C (molar) HCV(dry, MJ/kg)
| 24
Correlations obtained with wood chips
1.60 24.00
1.50 H/C = 1.6834x + 0.2906

R = 0.9645 23.00
HCV (dry, MJ/kg)

1.40
22.00
H/C
1.30
21.00
1.20
1.10 HCV = -13.142x + 29.006 20.00

R = 0.9329
1.00 19.00
0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75
O/C (molar)
H/C (molar) HCV (dry, MJ/kg)
| 25
Influence of mass loss on LHV for small-
scale prototype
30
25
HHV (MJ/kg dry)
20
y = 0.0729x + 20.411
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Dry mass loss (%)
| 26
economy tests
| 27
30 kW - Wood chip boiler Multifire from
KWB
| 28
Field test 30 kW Wood chip boiler from Isely
| 29
Torrefied chips in the input bin
| 30
Main combustion results (30 kW)
Less pollutant emissions on the two domestic boilers compared to raw

fuel
Total particulates emissions: - 10%
CO emissions 40 to - 94%
HC emissions 39 to -85%
Similar combustion properties as for standard wood chips
Pollutant emissions
Thermal efficiency
|
economy tests
| 32
Mass balance for 500 kg/h output. Input moisture = 30%
| 33
Energy balance for 500 kg/h output. Input moisture = 30%
| 34
Profitability projections for a 500kg/h plant
45.0% 16.00
40.0% 14.00
Internal Rate of Return
35.0%
12.00
Pay back time
Pay back time (years)

Internal rate of return
30.0%
10.00
25.0%
8.00
20.0%
6.00
15.0%
4.00
10.0%
5.0% 2.00
Raw biomass price (CHF/ton dry)

0.0% 0.00
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
IRR (3.4 ct/kWh) IRR (4.2 ct/kWh) IRR (5.1 ct/kWh) Pay-back (years) Pay-back (years) Pay-back (years)
- Investment costs (without buildings) : 2,2 Millions CHF (100% own funding)
- Lifetime 15 years
- Selling price or torrefied chips (out of plant): 3.4, 4,2 and 5,1 ct/kWh
| 35
Next steps
GRT is the sole owner of the Torplant technology
Improvements to the plant for better overall efficiency
Combustion tests at customer locations:

District heating (chips & pellets)
Gasification
Industrial heating (pulverised fuel)
On-going search for one or several demonstration sites
|
Conclusion
GO LOCAL !
A new intermediate energy carrier that can be traded to replace fossil

fuels
Valorise local and renewable resources in order to:

reduce energy import dependency
reduce fossil and nuclear energy
create or maintain local jobs
The basis for advanced CHP and small/medium scale gasification

systems
| 37
Acknowledgements
Mark McCormick, Cyril Mahmed, Isabelle
Monney, Olivier NDoki, Julien Ropp, HEIG-VD
Boris Correa, Justyna Eaves, Claire Tansley,
Granit Technologies and Engineering SA
Mario Vgeli, Jan Herzog, Martin Schmid
Oekozentrum
State of Vaud
5th Central European Biomass Conference, Graz, 20th January 2017 jean-bernard.michel@heig-vd.ch | 38

Presentation - Clean A Ir 2017 - JBM Slides

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13th International Conference on Energy for a

Clean Environment, July 2-6, 2017, So Miguel, Azores, Portugal

Torrefied woody residues as a substitute fuel:

Ms TANSLEY Claire2, Dr CORREA Boris2

Mr SATTLER Michael3 , Mr VGELI Mario3

Only 64% of annual growth is harvested

Forest wood Wood from Others:

High efficiency fuel and with a constant calorific value

Hydrophobic fuel, enabling external storage

Reduced transport costs

Reduced grinding costs

Reduced carbon footprint

Seasonal storage & tradability

2012-2015: studies, design and

2011-2013: torrefaction tests

2008-2010: combustion tests

2005-2009: Pilot 50 kg/h

For one unit of mass Torgas combustion for

1 Dry mass 0.3 M 0.7 M

Official inauguration by two state councellers

Many press articles and 2 TV news reports

Jacqueline de Quattro Anne-Catherine Lyon Jean-Bernard

Seven runs: 17 to 42 hours, continuous operation

Mass loss: 21% to 32% (about 8-10% energy loss)

High heating value of products: 20.6-21.7 MJ/kg increase of 5-8 %

Meet ISO/TS 17225-8

Tempertatures (C), flow rates

1.50 y = 1.9452x + 0.1697 23.00

HCV (dry, MJ/kg)

1.50 H/C = 1.6834x + 0.2906

HCV (dry, MJ/kg)

1.10 HCV = -13.142x + 29.006 20.00

Less pollutant emissions on the two domestic boilers compared to raw

Total particulates emissions: - 10%

Similar combustion properties as for standard wood chips

Pay back time (years)

Raw biomass price (CHF/ton dry)

GRT is the sole owner of the Torplant technology

Improvements to the plant for better overall efficiency

Combustion tests at customer locations:

On-going search for one or several demonstration sites

A new intermediate energy carrier that can be traded to replace fossil

Valorise local and renewable resources in order to:

The basis for advanced CHP and small/medium scale gasification

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