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Category Task Force Discussion. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource. Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik: Random House
Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. This page was last edited on 30 October , at December Learn how and when to remove this template message.
We must distinguish between the relation of reference, which holds between a proper name and the object it refers to, such as between the name
'Earth', and the planet Earth , and the relation of 'falling under', such as when the Earth falls under the concept planet. But according to Frege, a
common term does not refer to any individual white thing, but rather to an abstract Concept Begriff. Already in the Begriffsschrift important
preliminary theorems, for example a generalized form of law of trichotomy , were derived within what Frege understood to be pure logic. Frege
matriculated at the University of Jena in the spring of as a citizen of the North German Confederation. Moreover, 'meaning' captures Frege's early
use of Bedeutung well, [22] and it would be problematic to translate Frege's early use as 'meaning' and his later use as 'reference', suggesting a
change in terminology not evident in the original German. This article or section possibly contains previously unpublished synthesis of published
material that conveys ideas not attributable to the original sources. For the river in Germany, see Sinn river. His original purpose was very far from
answering general questions about meaning; instead, he devised his logic to explore the foundations of arithmetic, undertaking to answer questions
such as "What is a number? The reference or "referent", German: For example, someone other than Richard Nixon , e. The one truly new principle
was one he called the Basic Law V: Frege studied at a gymnasium in Wismar and graduated in This early theory of meaning explains how the
significance or reference of a sentence its truth value depends on the significance or reference of its parts. And both point to the power that the
sense-reference distinction does have i. Abbe was more than a teacher to Frege: Bell', Analysis 40 pp. He and McDowell both take the line that
Frege's discussion of empty names, and of the idea of sense without reference, are inconsistent, and that his apparent endorsement of descriptivism
rests only on a small number of imprecise and perhaps offhand remarks. Second, sentences which contain proper names that have no reference
cannot have a truth value at all. This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk
page. A Reply to Dr. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts , without removing the technical details. Essays on the
Philosophical and Foundational Work of G. From Frege to Wittgenstein: Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. The term
'reference' has been the most widely adopted, but this fails to capture the meaning of the original German 'meaning' or 'significance' , and does not
reflect the decision to standardise key terms across different editions of Frege's works published by Blackwell. The system of the Grundgesetze
entails that the set thus characterised both is and is not a member of itself, and is thus inconsistent. Frege's notion of sense is somewhat obscure,
and neo-Fregeans have come up with different candidates for its role. Thus Russell's theory of descriptions was conflated with Frege's theory of
sense, and for most of the twentieth century this 'Frege-Russell' view was the orthodox view of proper name semantics. Yet the sentence
'Odysseus was set ashore at Ithaca while sound asleep' obviously has a sense, even though 'Odysseus' has no reference. Hintikka, Synthese
Library, D. He never published a philosophical monograph other than The Foundations of Arithmetic , much of which was mathematical in content,
and the first collections of his writings appeared only after World War II. For example, 'Aristotle' can be understood as "The pupil of Plato and
teacher of Alexander," or by some other uniquely applying description. Frege opened the Appendix with the exceptionally honest comment: The
talk page may contain suggestions. Frege's published philosophical writings were of a very technical nature and divorced from practical issues, so
much so that Frege scholar Dummett expresses his "shock to discover, while reading Frege's diary, that his hero was an anti-Semite. Later, in his
Basic Laws of Arithmetic vol. In his theory of descriptions , Bertrand Russell held the view that most proper names in ordinary language are in fact
disguised definite descriptions. The thought remains the same whether or not 'Odysseus' has a reference. Aretaic turn Australian realism
Communitarianism Ordinary language philosophy Philosophical logic Philosophy of language Philosophy of science Postanalytic philosophy.
Frege's proposed remedy was subsequently shown to imply that there is but one object in the universe of discourse , and hence is worthless
indeed, this would make for a contradiction in Frege's system if he had axiomatized the idea, fundamental to his discussion, that the True and the
False are distinct objects; see, for example, Dummett , but recent work has shown that much of the program of the Grundgesetze might be
salvaged in other ways:. Most of these axioms were carried over from his Begriffsschrift , though not without some significant changes. By contrast,
the sense or "Sinn" associated with a complete sentence is the thought it expresses. The distinction can be illustrated thus: Frege developed his
original theory of meaning in early works like Begriffsschrift 'concept script' of and Grundlagen 'foundations of arithmetic' of Having exhibited this
possibility, Frege's larger purpose was to defend the view that arithmetic is a branch of logic, a view known as logicism: Bertrand Russell, just
when the printing of this volume was nearing its completion. This article has multiple issues. University of Michigan Press. Please improve this by
adding secondary or tertiary sources. Bedeutung of a proper name is the object it means or indicates bedeuten , its sense is what the name
expresses. Descriptions such as 'the President of the U. His Begriffsschrift , eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen
Denkens [ Concept-Script: