Test-paper Nr.

4 Name_____________________
V-I Date___________________
I. Read the text and do the after text-reading activities:
There is a famous expression in English: "Stop the world, I want to get off!" This expression refers to a feeling
of panic, or stress, that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again.
'Stress' means pressure or tension. It is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too
much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make
the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. It can lead to
asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect
the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide
range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have
panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little
problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a
glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness
and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often
develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating disorders, such as anorexia, are
sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental
health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the emotions. Untreated, it may
eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our
feelings, and our minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
Choose the best answer for each question (8 points)
1. Which of the following is not a common problem caused by stress?
a) physical problems b) anecdotal problems c) mental problems d) emotional problems
2.According to the essay, which of the following parts of the body does not have physical problems caused by
stress. a) the arms b) the stomach c) the lungs d) the heart
3.Which of the following show how stress can affect the emotions?
a) it can make people feel nervous b) it can cause panic attacks
c) it can make people feel elated d) it can make people feel angry
4.Which of the following can result from long-term stress?
a)bliss b) depression c) alcoholism d) whimsy
5. Choose the best answer to explain how alcoholism is caused by stress.
a)alcohol is used to relieve stress b)alcohol is popular
c)alcohol is a chemical d)alcohol is similar to medicine
6. Which of the following is not caused by long-term stress?
a)bloating b)addiction c)anorexia d)alcoholism
7. Stress can affect the respiratory system by __________.
a)causing stomach problems b) causing asthma c)a loss of carbon dioxide d)causing breathing problems
8. Symptoms of emotional stress include __________.
a) feeling joyous b) feeling hungry c) feeling thirsty d) feeling tired
II. Match the words with their definitions: (10 points)
1. hopelessness a sign or signal that shows that there is something wrong with the body
2. moody the power to change or affect someone or something
3. anxious to make larger or bigger
4. digest nervous
5. overreact to behave too strongly in a situation
6. addiction a strong and harmful need to regularly have something or do something
7. influence to have little or no hope
8. reduce changing attitude or feeling suddenly and often
9. symptom to make smaller
10. increase to process food that you have eaten into a simpler form in the body
III.Find synonyms for the following words in the text: (4 points)
a)make less painful---------- to shout-----
b) worried--------- evident-------
IV. Complete each sentence by choosing the best ending. (10 points)
1.Untreated stress a) of health problems in modern life.
2.Stress effects the heart b)such as making people feel angry, moody, or nervous.
3.Problems with the respiratory system c)numerous
4.Stress can affect the stomach d)the respiratory stystem.
5.Stress is one of the most common causes e)variety of serious mental illnesses
6.Addictions often develop as a result of an f)may result in mental illness.
7.Stress can affect g)resulting in stomach aches and problems digesting food.
8.The physical effects of stress are h)can cause asthma.
9.Stress can cause mood changes i)by causing an increase in pulse rate and high blood pressure.
10.Long term stress can create a j)overuse of alcohol or drugs
V. Add the right suffixes , make nouns and complete the sentences: (11 points)
1.The interviewer asked me about my strengths and ____________________ (WEAK)
2.My friends gave me a lot of ___________________when I was worried about my driving test. (ENCOURAGE)
3.The company has made lots of to their _________________________internet services. (IMPROVE)
4.Winning the race was an amazing _______________________ for my daughter. (ACHIEVE)
5.People can experience____________________at many times during their lives, and for many reasons. (LONELY)
6.Everyone will tell you that______________________ is the best way to keep prices down (COMPETE).
7.He definitely has the __________________ to become a professional tennis player (ABLE).
8.The _____________________ of the plane was delayed because of fog around the airport (DEPART).
9.You should care about your ________________________ when you go to the interview (APPEAR).
10.We had to get special ________________________to leave early (PERMIT).
11.As the best man, he had to make a ___________________ at the wedding (SPEAK)
VI. Fill in with the definite article where necessary: (20 points)
Hi John, I arrived in ______USA last Monday. We left ____ Rome, flew over _____ Alps and made a quick stop in ____
London. There we went shopping at _______ Harrods, visited______Tower of London and enjoyed a sunny afternoon
in ______ Hyde Park. On the following day we left for _____ New York. _______ time on board wasn't boring as there
were two films to watch on ______ monitor. _____ people on ______ plane were all _____ Italian. Before we landed
at ______ JFK airport, we saw ______ Statue of Liberty, ______ Ellis Island and _______ Empire State Building. ______
hotel I stayed in was on ______ corner of _____ 42nd Street and______ 5th Avenue. I don't like _____ hotels very much,
but I didn't have _____ time to rent an apartment.

1.Sara went to the shops in ________Oxford Street.

2.Dad walked over a bridge across__________ River Thames.
3. We went to ________Globe Theatre on Saturday.
4._______Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska.
5.She lives near _______Lake Windermere.
6.Have you visited _______Long Island?
7.Prince Charles is________ Queen Elizabeth's son.
8._______ Browns are going to the play with us.
9.Have you been to _______Vietnam Memorial?
10.We went to_________ Louvre and saw beautiful pictures.
11.I read some news in _________ Guardian.
12.James is from_________ Republic of Ireland.
13.Our ship crossed_________ Atlantic in 7 days.
14.What are you doing on ________Valentines Day?
15.Bill Gates founded _______Microsoft.
16.He applied to ______Cambridge university.
17._________NATO ambassadors met to discuss the situation.
VII. Complete the letter with a suitable word or words. Sometimes no word is required and sometimes more
than one answer may be possible. (12 points)
Dear All,
Well, here I am in Spain in (1) _________ first week of my stay. Im very well, and slowly but surely I
(2) ______ used to being away from home. Life is very different here and (3) ____________ things seem a
bit strange to me, but all in all Im quite happy.
My host family are very nice.The parents, Juan and Elena, are so kind and supportive. They (4) __________
always __________ if Im OK and offering advice and help.They have two sons near my age,Felipe and
Enrique. Felipe is very talkative, while his brother is quite (5) ____________ , but they are (6) ___________ good
fun. Fortunately, (7) ___________ of the boys speak much English, so I have to speak Spanish all day(8) _______.
Elena is a brilliant cook and Im trying lots of different types of food. I wish you (9) _____________ here to
taste them too. But the one (10) _____________ that Im not (11) ___________ to yet is meal times. They seem to
eat(12) _________ meal two or three hours later than we (13) ____________ at home, so when I sit down to
eat,Im starving !
I havent had (14) ___________ opportunity to explore the city much, but Im sure I will when I have a few
hours to (15) ____________ . Santander is (16) _________ port on (17) ____ north coast of Spain and has some
beautiful countryside around it. Juan and Elena take a trip to (18) ____________ seaside every week a bit like we
(19) ___________ when I was little and have said I can go with them next time. School is fine and Im learning a
lot. Im getting more confident in Spanish, but I did have(20) _______________ in my stomach the first time I had
to ask for something in a shop. Quite a lot of the people in my class are more advanced than me, though, so I wish I
(21) ________________ a bit more Spanish before coming. (22) ____________ I find most difficult is
understanding people when they talk quickly, but they are all very patient.
Ive got some homework to do now, so Ill have to go. Write to me soon, though Id rather you(23)________
phone because it makes me homesick! Lots of love. Emily
PS. Please dont worry about me. Im fine and Im quite enjoying (24) ___________ being in England its a real
adventure!
VIII. Write a coherent 150-180 word text expressing your attitude on anger. Use the words given and relate
the topic to your own experience. (25 points)
( Happiness , life, hopefully, deal with, healthy, experience, human emotion, control our anger , aggressive
behavior, to handle the situation, loss of control, to admit facts, choice, peers, parents.)
Where teenagers are judged by others of the same age group

In the small city of Odessa, western Texas, local judicial authorities have reinterpreted the old legal principle
that offenders should be tried by a jury of their peers. Odessa's "Teen Court" is one of over a thousand such courts
in the USA, where teens themselves are responsible for trying and sentencing teenage offenders.

The idea of "teen courts" has been around in the USA for many years. It was in the 1980s in Odessa that the
Teen Court was first suggested. Realizing that many teenage offenders were alienated by a justice system
organized and controlled by people of a different generation, the court in Odessa decided to let offenders opt to be
tried by other teenagers.
Many thousands of teens have since been tried by their peers in Odessa, and almost all agree that it was the right
thing to do. Statistics confirm this, as rates of recidivism among teens tried in different Teen Courts are under 5%
(compared to up to 50% with normal courts).
Odessa's Teen Court is one of many now operating in the state of Texas, which in 1990 became the first
American state to establish a state-wide organization to develop teen courts. Until the 1990s, the number of new
courts increased slowly; but since the millennium, hundreds more cities all across the USA have seen that the
system works, and have introduced it in their own community. In 2007, the idea crossed the Atlantic, with the
opening of the first teen court in England, in Preston, Lancashire.

Teen courts operate in just the same way as a real court, the major difference being that the only professional in
the process is the judge. Run by volunteers, the court sits every Tuesday evening under the control of a local judge,
also a volunteer; proceedings are conducted as in a real court, with teenagers taking the roles of
prosecution and defense: a panel of teens sits as jury, and it is they who propose the sentence they consider to be
appropriate.
While there is no possibility of an Odessa teen jury fining an offender or sending him or her to prison, there is a
range of punishments available, including community service, driving classes, counseling and also jury service in
the Teen Court. The range of sentences available reflects the type of offenses referred to the court, minor misdeeds
such as traffic violations, (including speeding), fighting, vandalism and intoxication. Furthermore, the Court only
has the right to judge other teens who have (a) decided to plead guilty, and (b) agreed to be tried by their peers.
Most other Teen Courts that have been set up operate with similar restrictions, though some, more
controversially, have been given powers to determine guilt or innocence in certain cases, and even recommend
detention.

Teens who opt for trial by the Teen Court, thinking that it will be a soft option, are generally surprised. A Los
Angeles teen jury recently sentenced 14-year old Michael C. to 600 hours (!) of community service for stealing a
car stereo. Judge Jamie Corral, presiding, reduced the sentence to 200 hours, but Michael still had to spend a lot of
his free time for six months doing community service as a gardener at Abraham Lincoln High School. "I didn't
expect them to be so hard on me, but I deserved it," he said afterwards.
In 2015, there are well over 1000 teen courts in operation across the United States, and the number is increasing
month by month. Teens, judges and community leaders all agree that the system is good, and especially good at
stopping young offenders going any further down the road to a life of crime. Evidence shows that young offenders
are much more receptive to warnings and reprimands and punishments delivered by their peers, than to those
delivered by "the authorities".
Finally, it is not only teens who are benefitting from the Teen Court. In Odessa, teenage offenders have now
contributed over 100,000 hours of community service to the city and to volunteer organizations since the Teen
Court was first set up, something that has not gone unnoticed by local residents.

WORDS
offender: minor criminal
- to try: to judge
- peer: person of similar situation
deprive of : take away something
- enshrined: included - alienated : marginalized - recidivism:
reoffending, committing the same crime again)
- prosecution: lawyers who accuse
- fine: impose a financial punishment - guilty: opposite of "innocence" -

Student worksheet

America's Teenage Courts

Word search: Find words or expresions in the text which mean

:.
final warning
to take something away from someone
choose
six
a penalty ordered by a court
the act of damaging property
established
people living nearby
up to the present time
a reason for living

http://linguapress.com/advanced/wall-street.htm

Verbs and verb forms : put the verbs back into the correct form, without consulting the original article

The idea of "teen courts" has (be) _____ around in the USA for many years. It was in the 1980s in Odessa that the Teen
Court was first (suggest)____________. (Realize) ____________ that many teenage offenders were (alienat) ____________
by a justice system (organize) ____________ and (control) ____________ by people of a different generation, the court in
Odessa (decide)____________ to let offenders opt (try) _________________ by other teenagers.
......
Odessa's Teen Court is one of many now (operate) ____________in the state of Texas, which in 1990 (become)
____________ the first American state (establish) _________________ a state-wide organization (develop) ____________
teen courts. Until the 1990s, the number of new courts (increase) _______________ slowly; but since the millennium,
hundreds more cities all across the USA (see) _____________ that the system (work) _______ , and (introduced)
_________________ it in their own community. In 2007, the idea (cross) ___________ the Atlantic, with the (open)
___________ of the first teen court in England, in Preston, Lancashire.

Teachers section : Using this article in class

1 Words: This text contains a good selection of the basic vocabulary of the law court. Have students pick out all the legal
vocabulary, and explain it where necessary. Note that the word "process" does not have any specific legal meaning. It does
not mean "trial".
Words to find: judicial, legal, offender, offense, try, sentence, rights, principles, law, jury, to judge, justice system,
recidivism, court, judge, jury, prosecution, defense, sentence, to fine, to plead guilty, to determine guilt or innocence,
detention.

2 Word search answers:

final warning (ultimatum)
to take something away from someone (deprive)
choose (opt)
six (half a dozen).
a penalty ordered by a court (sentence)
the act of damaging property (vandalism)
established (set up)
people living nearby (local residents)
up to the present time (so far)
a reason for living (a purpose in their lives)

3 Article structure: This article is divided into 4 sections. Have students determine the three breaks. What are the four
different sections?
(Paras 1-3, introduction: paras 4-6 zoom in on Odessa ; paras 7-9, development of the core subject. Para. 10-12 :
conclusion (appreciation).)

4 Synopsis: have students reduce each of the above-determined sections to a single sentence of at least 30 words

5 Free expression: have students say, in about 400 words, why they think the Teen Court system is good or bad.

6 Role Play: Conduct sessions of the teen court in class. You will need the following roles.
An offender ("Johnny" has "borrowed" a car for an evening / Janice (16) was drunk in the town center / Steve drove his
motorbike too fast in the town center / Martha was caught picking a big bunch of flowers in a public garden.... or use your
imagination!)
 A presiding judge (or two)
One or two lawyers for the defense
One or two prosecuting lawyers.
Two witnesses (one for prosecution, 1 for defense)
A jury of two or three.

Procedure: Divide class into groups of four, and get each group to imagine details of a supposed offense, and write them
down. In due course, each group will present its scenario to the class, and the best one(s) will be selected as role plays.
Remember, this Teen Court cannot determine guilt and innocence. Its aim is to determine the seriousness of the offense,
to see if there are mitigating circumstances, and pass judgement in function.
Teams of 5 to 8 students should then prepare the role play, after distributing the roles (except the jury, who will be
selected from a different group). For maximum authenticity, prosecution (+ witness), defense (+witness) and judges should
prepare their roles separately.
After allowing sufficient time for preparation, conduct a session of the teen court in class. Allow 15 to 20 minutes per case
longer if it really gets going well!

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This teaching resource is copyright Linguapress 2015.
Revised 2015 . Originally published in Spectrum, the Advanced level English newsmagazine.
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