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http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1039860
analogs have differential effects on physiological 6.Stein Hallan, Rene de Mutsert, Sven Carlsen,
function, which could be classified by the activity. Friedo W. Dekker, Knut Aasard, and Jostein
Nutritional Vitamin D25 can be supplemented by oral Holmen. Obesity, Smoking, and Physical Inactivity
intake of vitamin D rich or fortified diets is non as Risk Factors for CKD: Are Men More Vulnerable?
biological active form such as ergo calciferol, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2006; 47(3) :
cholecalciferol and traditionally the active forms, 396-405.
1,25(OH)2D, known as hormone are calcitriol and 7.Paul E. Stevens, Adeera Levi. Evaluation and
alfacalcidol. More recently, four Vitamin D analogs Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of
have been introduced in the nephrology area and play the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
an increasingly important role in CKD treatment 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline Annals of Internal
which is doxercalciferol, paricalcitol, oxacalcitriol Medicine, 2013; 158(11):825-830.
and falecalcitriol. [8] 8.Nan Zhu, Jialin Wang, Lijie Gu, Ling Wang &
Better management of CKD can slow the progression Weijie Yuan. Vitamin D supplements in chronic
of CKD, prevent complications, and reduce kidney disease Renal Failure, 2015; 37(6): 917-924.
cardiovascular-related outcomes. Early referral to a 9.Laura C. Plantinga, ScM; L. Ebony Boulware,
nephrologist has been shown to improve outcomes Josef Coresh,Lesley A. Stevens, Edgar R. Miller III,
for those who progress to end-stage renal disease. [9] Rajiv Saran, Kassandra L. Messer, Andrew S.
Aerobic exercise in hemodialysis patients has been Levey, Neil R. Powe. Patient Awareness of Chronic
reported to enhance insulin sensitivity, improve lipid Kidney Disease Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168(20):
profile, increase hemoglobin, increase strength, 2268-2275.
decrease blood pressure, and improve quality of life. 10.Irfan Moinuddin, David J. Leehey. A Comparison
[10] of Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training in
Patients With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease
CONCULSION: Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 2008;
This study revealed that that most commonly 15(1):83-96.
observed stage of chronic kidney disease was end
stage renal disease. Calcium channel blockers and
insulin was most commonly prescribed drugs for
hypertensive and diabetic patients with chronic
kidney disease. CKD leads to complications such as
anemia, bone disorders & hyperphosphatemia, to
manage these complications vitamin D supplements,
erythropoietin therapy & phosphate binders were
most commonly prescribed.
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