Tutorial Additional Compressible Flows

Question 1

A gas with R = 300 J/kg/K and k =1.3 passes through a Laval nozzle. The Mach number
at the throat is 1 and the throat area is 0.1 m2. If the reservoir pressure and temperature
are 600 kPa and 3000 K, respectively, and the exit Mach number is 2.5, determine (a) the
area at the exit, (b) the exit pressure, (c) the exit velocity, and (d) the mass flow rate.

Question 2

Superman is traveling faster than a speeding bullet. In fact, he is traveling at 10 times the
speed of sound in the ambient atmosphere (temperature 15C at 101 kPa). Estimate the
maximum temperature on his head (stagnation temperature). Also, determine the
maximum pressure on his head, taking into consideration the normal shock wave standing
in front of him.

Question 3

Throat
Test section
Reservoir M1 = 1

0 1 2 3 4
Shock wave

Pitot tube
A blow-down supersonic wind tunnel (see above) is supplied with air from a large
reservoir as shown. The Mach number in the test section is M2 = 2, and the pressure is
below atmospheric so that a shock wave is formed just at the exit. The pressure at Point 3
immediately behind the shock is 101 kPa.

(a) Find p0, p1, p2, and M3.

(b) A Pitot tube is placed in the exit jet as shown. What is the pressure p4? Why is p4
< p0?
Normal Shock Waves Laval Nozzle
k +1
p2 1 + kM 12
= 1 1 + ( k 1) 2 M 2( k 1)
2
A
p1 1 + kM 22 =
k
A M ( k + 1) 2
pt1 p1 1 + ( k 1) 2 M 1 k 1
2
Mach Number Relationships
=
pt 2 p2 1 + ( k 1) 2 M 22 k 1 2
=
Tt T 1 + M

T2 1 + ( k 1) 2 M 1
2 2
= k ( k 1)
T1 1 + ( k 1) 2 M 22 k 1 2
=
pt p 1 + M
2
M 22 =
( k 1) M 12 + 2 1 ( k 1)
2kM 12 ( k 1) k 1 2
t = 1 + M
2
Question 4

Carbon dioxide (R= 189 J/kg/K, k = 1.3) flows through a Laval nozzle. A normal shock
wave occurs in the expansion section where the Mach number is 2 and the cross-sectional
area is 1 cm2. The exit area is 1.5 cm2. The total pressure before the shock wave is 400
kPa. Find the area at the throat and the exit pressure.

Question 5

Air (R = 287 J/kg/K, k = 1.4) at 800 kPa and 20C exhausts through a truncated nozzle
with an area of 0.6 cm2 to a back pressure of 100 kPa. Calculate the flow rate.