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Bismillah
And this is the topic of my presentation today. In next 18-20 minutes, I Flt
Lt Muhammad Nafees will make an effort with the aim To apprise the
house about Human Trafficking, its victims, affected countries and efforts
by Pakistan to reduce this curse.
Introduction:
It is not possible for any human being unto Allah had given him The Book and Wisdom
And Nabuwah (Prophet hood) That he should afterwards have said unto mankind: Be
slaves of me instead of Allah
Saying of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) is narrated in Sahih Al-Bukari:-
They (salves and servants) are your brothers, and Allah has put them under your
command. So the one under whose hand Allah has put his brother, should feed him of
what he eats, and give him dresses of what he wears, and should not ask him to do a
thing beyond his capacity. And if at all he asks him to do a hard task, he should help
him therein
Definition:-
The recruiter gains the victims trust and then sells them for labor or to a
pimp. Sometimes this is a boyfriend, a neighbor, or even a family member.
The trafficker is the one who controls the victims. Making the victim
fearful through abuse, threats, and lies the trafficker gains power over
his/her victim.
Victims of trafficking
Across the globe, people irrespective of their age and gender are
victims of Human Trafficking. As per the global survey conducted by United
Nation Office on Drugs & Crime, out of the detected victims, more than two
out of three were women constituting 55-60% of total victims. Children
come on second number comprising 27% of total victims. One out of three
detected children was boy and two were girls. Women and girls combined,
make about 75%. 14-18% detected victims were men.
Forms of Exploitation:-
Here is the world map showing few of the routes being used for
Human trafficking across the globe.
Countries shown in red color are major sources of human
trafficking. They include Mauritania, Thailand, Russia & China along
with India, Pakistan, Mexico and Brazil.
Countries shown in blue color are the major destinations. They
include USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, Greece and Turkey.
Statistical Data:-
(3) Over seven percent of the total number of people enslaved in the
world are from the Russia and Eurasia region, reflecting forced labor in
construction, manufacturing, domestic work, agriculture, and fishing within
the region, and in construction, agriculture, and manufacturing in Eastern
and Western Europe.
(4) In Sub-Saharan Africa, complex patterns of migration, fuelled by a
lack of economic opportunity, conflict and climate related disasters, force
millions of migrants to travel from rural areas to cities as refugees, stateless
or displaced persons, and economic migrants. Similar factors compel
migrants to seek opportunities in more prosperous African nations, such as
South Africa and Kenya, or further abroad in Europe and the Gulf. Nigeria
and Ethiopia are major source countries for migration overseas.
(5) The Middle East is a destination for men and women from Asia and
Sub-Saharan Africa who travelled to the region with promises of well-
paying job contracts. A significant number of migrant workers have been
subjected to forced labor involving expensive recruitment fees, illegal
confiscation of identity documents, withholding of salaries and physical,
psychological and sexual abuse in the workplace.
(3) Haiti is the least developed country in the Americas, where poverty
has contributed to use of the restavk system. many restavk children
experience exploitation in the home of their caretakers, including forced
domestic service, and chronic verbal, physical, and sexual abuse
(4) Qatar is a destination for exploitation of men and women from Asia
who travel to the Gulf nation with promises of well-paid jobs. Figures
indicate up to 90 percent of the Qatari population are foreigners. 1.356%
victims in the world are from Qatar.
(5) Indias modern slavery challenges are immense. Across Indias
population of over 1.2 billion people, all forms of modern slavery, including
inter-generational bonded labour, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and
forced marriage, exist.
International Mafia:-
Russian Mafia:-
According to the most wanted persons list, Daud Ibrahim is the 3rd most
wanted criminal in the world. He is the underworld don of India. According
to an Indian reporter, Daud Ibrahim is living in Karachi. Sources also show
involvement of political parties in organized crimes in Karchi.
Government Response
(5) A separate database shall be created for the registration and use of
information collated in the course of the investigation of crimes related to
human trafficking.
Protection of Victims:-
Establishing shelters for the protection and other needs of the
trafficking victims in order to provide safety, access to independent advice
and counseling, medical health and rehabilitation from trauma, while giving
special attention to security of the victims, confidentiality and privacy.
These shelters will also be provided the linkage to facilitating the
victims future reintegration. Secure accommodation shall have the
following facilities:-
Properly secured building with appropriate living conditions
Access to telephone
Access to medical care and psychological counseling
Possibility of legal assistance
Opportunity to have a translator; and a separate place for
conversation
Ensuring confidentiality of information about the person placed in the
accommodation
Referral Mechanism
Analysis:-
(2) Victims are most commonly trafficked into forced labor, forced sex
work and forced domestic work.
(3) About 35.8 million are victims of human trafficking across the globe
and are living in some form of modern day slavery.
(4) Traffickers prey for those who dream for better future. Victims can be
men, women and children made vulnerable from lack of money or
opportunities from work or study.
(5) Victims are forced to work long hours and live in inhumane conditions
with little or no pay. Threats & physical violence are used against them.
Victims suffer from physical and emotional abuse, rape & even death.
(6) Women account for 55-60 per cent of all trafficking victims detected
globally; women and girls together account for about 75 per cent.
(7) Twenty-seven per cent of all victims detected globally are children. Of
every three child victims, two are girls and one is a boy.
(8) Trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation accounts for 49 per
cent of all trafficking cases detected globally, while trafficking for forced
labor accounts for 43 per cent. The share of detected cases of trafficking
for forced labor has doubled over the past four years.
(10) Domestic trafficking accounts for 27 per cent of all detected cases of
trafficking in persons worldwide, 24% were trafficked interregionally and
about 50% were trafficked across the borders within their region of origin.
(11) The Middle East is the region reporting the greatest proportion of
victims trafficked from other regions (70 per cent).
(12) 71% victims of modern day slavery are from ten countries.
Recommendations:
Conclusion:
To Conclude
Bill:-
A bill is essentially a proposal to make a new law. Ordinarily, it is in the form of a
document that outlines what the proposed law is to be AND what the policy behind such
a law is.
Act:-
The bill is presented to the legislature (law making body) where it will be debated
on, alterations made (if necessary) and voted on. If the majority of the house of the
legislature (or houses, where there is more than one house) vote in favor of such a bill
to be made into law - the bill is said to have been 'passed in the house/houses'.
If the Parliament passes a bill, it is sent to the President of India for his assent. If
he assents to it, the bill becomes an Act. In case of the bill passed by the state
legislature, it is sent to the Governor of the state concerned. If the governor assents to
the bill, it becomes an Act for the state which passed it.
Rule:-
Legal enforcement of an act is called Rule. Rules are the guidelines for
implementation of an act.
Ordinance:-
sometimes, the legislature of the Union (or the State concerned) is not in session
and there is a need to make a legislation (Act) to deal with some contingency which
cannot wait. In such cases, the government sends a proposal to the President or
Governor, and if they approve of it, it becomes an Ordinance. Legally, an ordinance is
the equivalent of an Act; but is not passed by the legislature. It is a temporary law till its
expiry or till it is repealed or till it is approved by the legislature (after which it becomes
an Act).