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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
www.casa.gov.au/manuals/store.htm
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Part 1 Overview
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Part 1 - Overview
How ADS-B Works
Avionics Overview
ATC System Overview
Upper Airspace Program Overview
ADS-B Services Overview
Transition Strategy
Avionics Requirements
Applying for ADS-B Services
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Ground Station
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Avionics Overview
In most installations today, ADS-B transmissions are a
function of the aircrafts transponder(s). Only transponders
with the appropriate software, and connections to the GPS
receiver (and FMS if so fitted) can transmit ADS-B data.
ADS-B transmissions are automatically activated when the
transponder is activated.
Selection of IDENT provides
an identification indication in
the ADS-B message.
Selection of Standby Mode
inhibits ADS-B transmissions
as well as SSR interrogation Indicative only
replies.
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Avionics Overview
Some future ADS-B installations may not share controls with
the SSR transponder, meaning that independent operation of
the two systems may be required.
Indicative only
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Avionics Overview
The ADS-B transmitter autonomously broadcasts various
aircraft parameters every half-second which may include:
Flight Identification (flight number callsign or call sign)
ICAO 24-bit Aircraft Address (globally unique airframe code)
Position (latitude/longitude)
Position Integrity/Accuracy (GPS horizontal protection limit)
Barometric and Geometric Altitudes
Vertical Rate (rate of climb/descent)
Track Angle and Ground Speed (velocity)
Emergency Indication (when emergency code selected)
Special Position Identification (when IDENT selected)
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Existing
Combined RadarRadar Coverage
and ADS-B Coverage
30,000 feet
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Transition Strategy
The transition to nationwide ADS-B services is being
conducted in 3 stages over a 24 month period.
Stage 1: ADS-B Operational Trial COMPLETED
28.06.06
An operational trial of ADS-B services for a limited number
of airline and general aviation aircraft was conducted near
Bundaberg in Eastern Queensland.
The trial was used to gain operational and technical
experience in the new technology.
ADS-B services were available only to operators of aircraft
authorised to participate in the trial.
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Transition Strategy
Stage 2: Limited ADS-B Services Current Stage
The progressive rollout of ADS-B ground stations across
Australia commenced on 28 June 2006 and will continue
until nationwide coverage is achieved in 2008.
Limited ADS-B services are being introduced in selected
geographic areas as ground stations are brought online.
The geographic areas in which ADS-B services are being
provided during this stage will be defined in an AIP
Supplement and updated by NOTAM.
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Transition Strategy
ADS-B services during Stage 2 of the transition include:
ADS-B data used in the application of procedural separation
- ADS-B used to monitor procedural separation standards
- Identification and altitude verification based on ADS-B derived data
- Automatic position reporting (pilot position reports not required)
Within ATS surveillance system coverage, identified aircraft receive
priority over non-identified aircraft as per AIP ENR 1.4. para 10.1(j)
Automated flight monitoring and safety alerting
- Route and altitude conformance monitoring
- Dangerous area infringement warning
- ADS-B derived conflict alerting
Radar-like traffic advisories
- between ADS-B equipped aircraft only
VFR flight following upon request
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Transition Strategy
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Transition Strategy
ADS-B services during Stage 3 of the transition include:
Radar-like surveillance services within ADS-B coverage
- 5 Nm minimum separation distance between ADS-B equipped aircraft
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Avionics Requirements
A small number of ADS-B installations do not meet the
requirements for ADS-B derived air traffic services in
Australia.
Because of this, aircraft operators who wish to take
advantage of ADS-B services must confirm that aircraft
avionics meet standards specified by the Australian Civil
Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) as part of an ADS-B
operations authorisation process .
For more information, see draft Advisory Circular 21-45 at:
http://rrp.casa.gov.au/archive/timelines/07_021.asp
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In order to ensure that we only provide services to approved aircraft, aircraft operators
need to advise Airservices if any of the following events occur:
1. If any changes are made to the avionics for any approved aircraft (for example, the
replacement of equipment (e.g. transponder or MMR/GPS Receiver) with another part
that does not have an identical part number).
2. If your approved aircraft is sold or reregistered.
3. If you take delivery of new airframes, or retrofit any existing aircraft and would like
to gain approval for them to also receive ADS-B services.
Part of the approval process also requires all crew operating ADS-B approved aircraft
to have undertaken appropriate training and are familiar with ADS-B operations in
Australia. Aircraft Operators should ensure that all new crew have received relevant
ADS-B training prior to operating approved ADS-B equipped aircraft.
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
End of Part 1
This concludes Part 1 of the Airservices Australia ADS-B flight operations
information package. For more information on the ADS-B Project, visit the
ADS-B website at www.airservicesaustralia.com/adsb.
www.airservicesaustralia.com/pilotcentre/projects/adsb/feedback.asp
(Direct link if connected to the internet)
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
:
-YHBA0116
-EET/YBBB0009 REG/VHABC SEL/MQBF OPR/ABACUS AIRLINES PER/C NAV/RNP10 GPSRNAV
RMK/ADSB RMK/TCAS EQUIPPED ACARS EQUIPPED )
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(FPL-ABC123-IS
-B738/M-SDHIRWZ/S
-YSSY0105
Indicative only
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In-flight: Identification
Approved aircraft operating in an ADS-B service environment
will be identified using the same techniques used in radar
identification. The phrase IDENTIFIED is used for both ADS-
B and radar identification.
Some avionics installations may have a separate control
panel for ADS-B and SSR functions. Therefore, the phrase
SQUAWK IDENT will continue to be
used in radar coverage with the
phrase TRANSMIT A-D-S-B IDENT
used in ADS-B coverage.
ABACUS ONE TWENTY THREE,
TRANSMIT A-D-S-B IDENT
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
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Phraseology
With the following exceptions, the phraseologies defined for
radar in AIP GEN 3.4 - 5.13 will be used in the provision of
ADS-B services.
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Phraseology
Circumstance Radar Phraseology ADS-B Phraseology
To request an aircrafts ADVISE TRANSPONDER ADVISE ADS-B
SSR or ADS-B CAPABILITY CAPABILITY
capability
To advise the aircrafts TRANSPONDER ADS-B TRANSMITTER
SSR or ADS-B (ALPHA, CHARLIE or (TEN NINETY DATALINK)
capability SIERRA etc. as shown or
in the Flight Plan) ADS-B RECEIVER
Or (TEN NINETY DATALINK)
NEGATIVE or
TRANSPONDER
NEGATIVE ADS-B
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Phraseology
Circumstance Radar Phraseology ADS-B Phraseology
To request reselection RE-ENTER MODE S RE-ENTER
of FLT ID* AIRCRAFT ADS-B AIRCRAFT
IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATION
To request the SQUAWK [(code) AND] TRANSMIT ADS-B IDENT
operation of the IDENT IDENT
feature*
To request termination STOP SQUAWK STOP ADS-B
of SSR transponder or [TRANSMIT ADS-B ONLY] TRANSMISSION
ADS-B transmitter [SQUAWK (code) ONLY]
operation*
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Phraseology
Circumstance Radar Phraseology ADS-B Phraseology
To request SQUAWK CHARLIE TRANSMIT ADS-B
transmission of ALTITUDE
pressure altitude*
To request termination STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE STOP ADS-B ALTITUDE
of pressure altitude WRONG INDICATION TRANSMISSION
transmission due to [(WRONG INDICATION
faulty operation* or reason)]
* Note that some ADS-B installations may not provide for entry of Flight ID,
transmission of IDENT or isolation of pressure altitude by the pilot. Most
ADS-B installations share controls with the SSR transponder, meaning that
independent operation of the two systems is not possible. If it is not possible
to comply with a particular instruction simply advise ATC and request
alternative instructions.
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Emergencies
Selection of an emergency transponder code, e.g. 7600,
automatically generates an emergency indication in the ADS-
B message, however, many transponders only transmit a
generic ADS-B emergency indication.
That means the specific type of emergency, e.g.
communications failure, may not be conveyed to controllers
in an ADS-B environment for some avionics installations.
Emergencies
Selection of an emergency transponder code, e.g. 7600,
automatically generates an emergency indication in the ADS-
B message, however, many transponders only transmit a
generic ADS-B emergency indication.
That means the specific type of emergency, e.g.
communications failure, is not always conveyed to controllers
in an ADS-B environment.
EMG
The controller may ABC123 M
330 330 46
receive only a generic
EMG indication Indicative only
regardless of the code
selected.
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Emergencies
Due to the emergency processing limitations of many ADS-B
transmitters, the following procedure shall apply.
If an emergency indication is received from an aircraft in ADS-B
airspace and the flight crew does not verbally communicate the
nature of the emergency, the controller will initiate procedures
for suspected unlawful interference.
Phraseology: <call sign> CONFIRM SQUAWKING ASSIGNED
CODE
If no response from the pilot is received within a reasonable
time, the controller will assume the possibility of unlawful
interference.
Note: Some transponders cannot transmit an ADS-B IDENT
(SPI) while an emergency transponder code is selected.
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ADS-B Upper Airspace Program
Conclusion
This concludes Part 2 of the Airservices Australia ADS-B flight operations
information program. For more information on the ADS-B Project, visit the
ADS-B website at www.airservicesaustralia.com/adsb .
www.airservicesaustralia.com/pilotcentre/projects/adsb/feedback.asp
(Direct link if connected to the internet)
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