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(AUTOCAD - Part III)

OBJECTIVES

General Objectives

To know where to locate and how to invoke the draw commands.

Specific Objectives

At the end of the unit you will be able to:

draw Lines using each of the options ;

draw Circles using each of the options ;
draw Arcs using each of the options ;
create Ellipses using the Axis End Method, the center method and the Arc method ;
create Plines with width and combined of lone and arc segments ;
use Donut to create circles with width.
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INPUT

4.0 DRAW COMMAND

Draw commands create objects. An object is the smallest component of a drawing. The draw commands
listed immediately below create simple objects and are discussed in this unit. Simple objects appear as
one entity.

Line, Circle, Arc, Ellipse, Pline, Polygon, Donut

Normally, there are three methods that can be used to access draw commands. We can use either the
draw toolbar, command window or pull-down menu ( Figure 4.0.1 ).

Draw Toolbar Pull-Down

Menu

Command
Window

Figure 4.0.1
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4.1 DRAWING LINE

This is the fundamental drawing command. Use the line command to construct a line from one endpoint
to the other. One or several line segments can be drawn with the line command. You can specify the
endpoints of lines using two-dimensional or three-dimensional coordinates.

The LINE command can be initiated using any of the following methods ( Figure 4.1.1 ) :

i. Select Draw | Line from the Menu Bar

ii. Click the Line button on the Draw Toolbar

iii. Type the command line ( or LINE ) at the Command Window

Figure 4.1.1
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When you initiate the Line command, AutoCAD requests you to specify a From point (starting point) and
To Point (ending point). These requests are displayed in the Command Window. Most Command requires
a few steps to complete. The Command Window tells you which step you are currently at. The Command
Window also displays the option available to you for each of the command that you initiate.

There are 2 ways of specifying the From Point :

i. By using the mouse to point to the location and clicking the left mouse button.
ii. By using the Command Line and entering the coordinates of the point (coordinates x,
coordinates y).
There are 3 ways of specifying a To Point :
i. By using the mouse to point to the location and clicking the left mouse button.
ii. By using the Command Line and entering the coordinates of the point (coordinates x,
coordinates y).
iii. By using the Command Line and entering the length of the line, and the angle of the line in
relation to the From Point ( @ length < angle ).
There are several methods to draw lines. They are :

a) Absolute coordinates

The format to use is as follows :

coordinates x, coordinates y
Example ( Figure 4.1.2 ) ;
Command : LINE From point : 100, 100 P1
To point : 150, 100 P2
To point : 150, 150 P3
To point : 100, 150 P4
To point : C ( key-board = C) P1 = P5

Every data entry must be validated by null response (enter or

space bar)
Figure 4.1.2

b) Relative coordinates

The format to use is as follows :

@ add coordinates x, @ add coordinates y
The ampersand ( @ ) are used to denote the
location ( last point ).

Example ( Figure 4.1.3 );

Command : LINE From point : pick P1

To point : @50,0 P2
To point : @0,50 P3
To point : @-50,0 P4
To point : c ( key-board = c ) P1 = P5

An absolute coordinate must always be given at the From Figure 4.1.3

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point .

c) Relative polar coordinates

90o
135o 45o
The format to use is as follows :
@ length < angle
The ampersand ( @ ) and the Less-Than ( < ) are
used to denote the location and the angle 180o 0o
components respectively.

Example ( Figure 4.1.5 );

Command : LINE From point : pick P1 225o 315o
To point : @50<0 P2 270o
To point : @50<90 P3
To point : @50<180 P4
To point : c ( key-board = c ) P1 = P5 Figure 4.1.4

<270 = <-90

Figure 4.1.5

Option of the LINE command

a. CLOSE

The CLOSE option ( key-board : c ) closes a polygon

( minimum of three sides ) when all segments are drawn in
the same command sequence.

Figure 4.1.6
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b. UNDO

The UNDO option ( key-board : u ) allows the user to

undo the last segment drawn without ending the
command procedure.

Example ;
Command : LINE From point : 50,50 P1
To point : @50<0 P2
To point : @50<0 P3
To point : u ( key-board = u ) back to P2
To point : @50<90 P3
To point : @50 <180 P4 Figure 4.1.7
To point : @50<270 ( or close ) P1 = P5
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ACTIVITY 4A

Construct one-view drawing of the following figures using the LINE command along with Absolute,
Relative and Polar Coordinate modes.

Figure 4.1.8

Purpose

This tutorial is designed to allow you to construct a one-view drawing of the Template using the Absolute,
Relative and Polar Coordinate modes. See Figure 4.1.8. The Direct Distance mode can also be used to
perform this exercise.

System Settings
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Use the current default settings for the limits of this drawing, (0,0) for the lower left corner and (12,9) for
the upper right corner. Use the GRID command and change the grid spacing from 1.0000 to 0.25 units.
The grid will be used only as a guide for constructing this object. Do no t turn the SNAP or Ortho
commands on.

Layers

Create the following layers with the format :

Name Color Linetype

Object White Continuous

Suggested Commands

The LINE command will be used entirely for this tutorial in addition to a combination of coordinate
systems. The ERASE command could be used although a more elaborate method of correct ing a
mistake would be to use the LINE-UNDO command to erase a previously drawn line and still stay in the
LINE command. The OSNAPFROM mode will also be used to construct lines from a point of reference.
The coordinate mode of entry and the direct distance mode will be used throughout this tutorial exercise.
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FEEDBACK TO ACTIVITY
4A

Step #1

Begin this tutorial exercise with the LINE command and draw the outer perimeter of the box. One method of
constructing the box is to use an absolute coordinate point followed by polar coordinates using the following
prompt sequence and the illustration in Figure 4.1.9 as guides.

Command : LINE
From point : 2,2
To point : @6<0
To point : @3<90
To point : @6<780
To point : @3<270
To point : ( Press ENTER to exit this command )

Figure 4.1.9

An alternative mode is to use the Direct Distance mode. Since the box consists of horizontal and vertical lines,
Ortho mode is first turned on; this will force all movements to be in the horizontal or vertical directions. To
construct a line segment, move the cursor in the direction the line is to be drawn in and enter the exact value of
the line. The line is drawn at the designated distance in the current direction of the cursor. Repeat this procedure
for the other lines that make up the box, as shown in Figure 4.1.10.
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Command : ORTHO
ON/OFF <OFF> :ON

Command : LINE
From point : 2,2
To point : ( Move the cursor to the right and
enter a value of 6.00 units)
To point : (Move the cursor up and enter a
value of 3. 00 units)
To point : (Move the cursor to the left and enter a
value of 6. 00 units)
To point : C (To close the shape)

Figure 4.1.10

Step #2

The next step will be to draw the stair step outline of the template using the LINE command again. However we
first need to identify the starting point of the template. Absolute coordinates could be calculated but in more
complex objects this would be difficult. A more efficient method would be to use the Osnap-From mode along with
the Osnap-Intersection mode to start the line relative to another point. Use the following prompt sequence and
Figure 4.1.11 as guides to perform this operation.

Command : LINE
From point: From Base point : Int of (Pick the intersection at "4")
<Offset> : @1.00,0.50

Figure 4.1.11

The relative coordinate offset value begins a new line at a distance of 1.00 units in the "X" direction and 0.50 units
in the "Y" direction. Continue with the LINE command to construct the stair step outline as shown in Figure 4.1.12.
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To point : @4.00<0
To point : @2.00<90
To point : @1.00<180
To point : @0.75<270
To point : @1.50<180
To point : @0.75<270
To point : @1.50<180
To point : @0.50<270
To point : (Press ENTER to exit
this command)

Figure 4.1.12

An alternative step would be to use the Osnap-From and Osnap-Intersect modes in combination with the Direct
Distance mode to construct the inner stair step outline (see Figure 4.1.13). Again, the Direct Distance mode is a
good choice to use on this object especially since all the lines are either horizontal or vertical. Use the following
command sequence to construct the object with this alternative method.

Command : LINE
From point: From
Base point : Int of (Pick the intersection at "A" in Figure 4.1.11)
<Offset> : @1.00,0.50
To point : (Move the cursor to the right and enter a value of 4.00 units)
To point : (Move the cursor up and enter a value of 2.00 units)
To point : (Move the cursor to the left and enter a value of 1.00 units)
To point : (Move the cursor down and enter a value of 0.75 units)
To point : (Move the cursor to the left and enter a value of 1.50 units)
To point : (Move the cursor down and enter a value of 0.75 units)
To point : (Move the cursor to the left and enter a value of 1.50 units)
To point : C (To close the shape)

Figure 4.1.13

Step #3
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The completed problem is shown in Figure 4.1.14. The dimensions may be added at a later time upon the request
of your instructor.

Figure 4.1.14

SELF-ASSESSMENT 4A

Instructions for Exercise 4.1 through 4.3 :

Supply the appropriate absolute, relative and/or polar coordinates for these figures in the matrix that
follows each object.

Exercise 4.1
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Exercise 4.2
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Exercise 4.3

Instructions for Exercise 4.4 through 4.7 :

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Construct one-view drawings for the following figures using the LINE command along with coordinate or
direct distance modes.

Exercise 4.4

Exercise 4.5

Exercise 4.6
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Exercise 4.7

FEEDBACK TO
SELF-ASSESSMENT 4A
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4.2 DRAWING CIRCLE

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The CIRCLE command has many options, which include center, radius, center, diameter; two points;
three points; tangent, tangent, radius; tangent, tangent, tangent.
There are three ways of initiating the Circle Command ( Figure 4.2.1 ). They are:

i. Select Draw | Circle from the Menu Bar

ii. Click the Circle button on the Draw Toolbar

iii. Type the command circle ( or CIRCLE ) at the Command Window

Figure 4.2.1

You can create Circle objects using several methods. These methods are embedded within the Circle
Command itself in the form of Command Options. These command options are listed in the sub-menu
when you select Draw | Circle on the menu bar.
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The Circle command options are :

i. Center and Radius

This is the classical method. The first point defines the center of the circle, the second one the radius.

Example ( Figure 4.2.2) ;

Command : _circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius) pick
Specify Diameter radius of circle or [Radius] : r
Specify radius of circle Radius / <Diameter> : 20

Specifying the Center Point of the circle :

i. By using the mouse to point to the location and clicking the left mouse button
ii. By using the command Line and entering the coordinates of the point in the x, y format

Specifying the Radius of the circle :

i. By using the mouse to point and left click at the location of the edge of the circle
ii. Enter the coordinates of the edge of the circle at the Command Line prompt.
iii. Enter the radius length and angle value in the @ length < angle format at the Command Line prompt. This method
is superfluous because the length (value) of the radius is constant through all angle values.
iv. Enter the value of the radius at the Command Line prompt.

If you want to use the previous radius value, you just press the Enter key, or else, you would have to specify the new radius

b. Center and Diameter

After the center for the circle has been defined, the diameter can be given.

Example( Figure 4.2.3 ) ;

Command : _circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius) pick
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : d
Specify diameter of circle Diameter / <Radius> : 40

When you specify the diameter of the circle, it would draw a circle with radius half the length of the diameter.

Center and Radius Center and Diameter

Figure 4.2.2 Figure 4.2.3

c. 2 Points ( 2P )
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With this option, the user can specify two points constituting the endpoints for the diameter of the circle.

Example ( Figure 4.2.4 ) ;

Command : CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : 2P
Specify first end point of circle's diameter : pick 1 P1
Specify second end point of circle's diameter : pick 2 P2

P2

P1 P3
P1 P2

Figure 4.2.4
Figure 4.2.5

d. 3 Points ( 3P )

This option allows the user to define the circle by specifying three points on its circumference.

Example ( Figure 4.2.5 ) ;

Command : CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : 3P
Specify first end point of circle's diameter : pick 1 P1
Specify second end point of circle's diameter : pick 2 P2
Specify third end point of circle's diameter : pick 2 P3

e. Tangent, Tangent And Radius ( TTR )

This allows the user to define two tangential points, and then the radius of the circle.
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Tangent-Tangent-Radius Mode - Method # 1:

This mode is very powerful when constructing a circle tangent to two entities. Illustrated below is an application on
the use of the TTR mode to construct a circle tangent to two line segments. Study the prompt below to create this
type of circle.

Example ( Figure 4.2.6 ) ;

Command: CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : TTR
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle : pick 1 P1
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle : pick 2 P2
Specify radius of circle : 40

P2

P1

R40

Figure 4.2.6

Tangent-Tangent-Radius Mode : Method # 2:

Illustrated below is an application of using the Circle TTR mode to construct a circle tangent to the line segment on
another circle. Study the prompt below to create this type of circle.

Example ( Figure 4.2.7 ) ;

Command: CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : TTR
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle : pick 1 P1
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle : pick 2 P2
Specify radius of circle : 40

P2

P1
R40

Figure 4.2.7
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Tangent-Tangent-Radius Mode : Method # 3:

Illustrated below is an application on the use of Circle TTR mode to construct a circle tangent to another two
circles. Study the prompt below to create these this types of circles.

Example ( Figure 4.2.8 ) ;

Command: CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : TTR
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle : pick 1 P1
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle : pick 2 P2
Specify radius of circle : 20

R20
P1

P2

Figure 4.2.8

4.3 DRAWING ARC

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An arc is defined as a curved line that describes a portion of the circumference of a circle. There are 3 ways to
initiate the Arc Command ( Figure 4.3.1) . They are:

i. Select Draw | Arc from the Menu Bar

ii. Click the Arc button on

the Draw Toolbar

iii. Type the command arc ( or ARC ) at the Command Window

Figure 4.3.1
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You can create Arc objects using several methods. These methods are embedded within the Arc Command itself in
the form of Command Option, which are listed in the sub-menu when you select Draw | Arc on the menu bar.
The Arc command options are :

a. 3 Points

With this method, three points define the Start point of the arc, a Second 3P
point that the arc passes through, and the arcs Endpoint.

Example ( Figure 4.3.2 ) ;

Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center] : pick 1 1
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End] : pick 2 2
Specify end point of arc : pick 3 3

You may use the keyboard and specify the coordinates, or you may use the
mouse to defining any of these 3 points.

Figure 4.3.2

b. Start Point, Center, End Point ( S, C, E )

Center refers to the Center point of the circle of which the arc is a part.

Example( Figure 4.3.3 ) ;

Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center] : pick 1 ( start )
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _c Specify center point of arc: pick 2 ( center )
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length] : A ( end )
Specify included angle : 90

SCE SCA

Figure 4.3.3 Figure 4.3.4

c. Start Point, Center, Included Angle ( S, C, A )

Requires specifying the Start point and the Center of the arc first, and then specifying the Included Angle.

Example( Figure 4.3.4 ) ;

Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center] : pick 1 ( start )
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _c Specify center point of arc : pick 1 ( center )
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: _a Specify included angle : 270 ( angle )
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d. Start Point, Center, Length Of Chord ( S, C, L )

Requires specifying the Start point and the Center of the arc first, and then specifying the Length of chord.

Example ( Figure 4.3.5);

Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center] : pick 1 A
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: _c Specify center point of arc : pick 2 B
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: _l Specify length of chord: 2.5

SCL

Figure 4.3.5

e. Start Point, End Point, Radius ( S, E, R )

Allows specifying both the Start and the End point of the arc. The arc will automatically be calculated when you
specify the included radius.

Example( 4.3.6 );
Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center] : pick 1 A
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: e
Specify end point of arc : pick 2 B
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: _r Specify radius of arc: 1

SER

Figure 4.3.6

f. Start Point, End Point, Included Angle ( S, E, A )

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Requires specifying the Start point and the End point of the arc first, and then specifying the included angle.

Example( 4.3.7 ) ;
Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center] : pick 1 A
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: e
Specify end point of arc : pick 2 B
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Length of Chord/<Endpoint>]: Angle
Included angle: 90

SEA

Figure 4.3.7

g. Start Point, End Point, Starting Direction ( S, E, D )

The direction is tangent to the start point.

SED

Figure 4.3.8

h. Center, Start Point, End Point ( C, S, E )

The options include start, center, end but the are not in the same order.

end
start

center

Figure 4.3.9
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i. Center, Start Point, Included Angle ( C, S, A )

The options include start, center, angle. However, they are not in the same order.

angle

start

center

Figure 4.3.10

d. Center, Start Point, Length Of Chord ( C, S, L )

This is similar to the start, center and length option but not in the same order. Length means length of chord.

center

start

Length

Figure 4.3.11
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4.4 DRAWING ELLIPSE

There are three ways to initiate the Ellipse Command. They are:

i. Select Draw | Ellipse from the Menu Bar

ii. Click the Ellipse button on

the Draw Toolbar

iii. Type the command ellipse ( or ELLIPSE ) at the Command Window

Figure 4.4.1
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An Ellipse is one object. There are three methods of creating Ellipse In AutoCAD.:
i. Specify one axis and the end of the second
ii. Specify the center and the ends of each axis
iii. Create an ellipse arc

The Ellipse command options are :

a. Axis End

This default option requires Picking three points as indicated in the command sequence above.

Figure 4.4.2

b. Rotation

If the rotation option is used with the Axis End method, the following syntax is used:

<Other axis distance>/Rotation : R

Rotation around major axis : Pick or (value)

Rotation = 45

Figure 4.4.3

The specified angle is the number of degrees the shape is rotated from the circular position.
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c. Center

With many practical application, the center point of the ellipse is known, and therefore the center option should
be used.

Command : ellipse
Arc/Center/<Axis endpoint1> : C
Center of ellipse : Pick or (coordinates)
Axis endpoint : Pick or (coordinates)
<Other axis distance>/Rotation : Pick or (coordinates) ( This distance is measured
perpendicularly from the established axis )

The Rotation option appear and can be invoked after specifying the Center first Axis endpoint.

Figure 4.4.4

d. Arc

Use this option to construct an elliptical arc ( partial ellipse ). The procedure is identical to the Center option
with the addition of specifying the start and endpoint for the arc.

Command : ellipse
Arc/Center/<Axis endpoint 1>: a
<Axis endpoint 1>/center : pick or (coordinates)
Axis endpoint 2 : pick or (coordinates)
<Other axis distance>/Rotation : pick or (coordinates)
Parameter/<start angle>: Pick or (angular value)
Parameter/Included/<end angle> : Pick or (angular value)

Figure 4.4.5
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The ELLIPSE command approximates an ellipse by drawing a polyline composed of short arc segments.

a. Ellipse by axis and eccentricity

One method of drawing an ellipse is to choose the default options :

P3

Example ; P1

< Axis endpoint 1 > / Center : P1

Axis endpoint 2 : P2
< Other axis distance > / Rotation : P3

P2

Figure 4.4.6

b. Ellipse by axis and rotation

Example ;
P2
< Axis endpoint 1 > / Center :
Axis endpoint 2 : P1
R P2
Rotation around major axis : For rotation

The rotation can be from 0 to 89.4

degrees.

P1

Figure 4.4.7

c. Ellipse by center and two axes

Example ; P3

C For center
Center of ellipse : P1
Axis endpoint : P2 P1
Other axis distance : P3

P2

Figure 4.4.8
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d. Ellipse by center, one axis and rotation

Example ;

C For center
Center of ellipse : P1
Axis endpoint : P2
R P1
Rotation around major axis : For rotation

The rotation can be from 0 to 89.4

degrees.

P2

Figure 4.4.9

ACTIVITY 4B
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Activity 1

i. Draw a circle with the center point and the radius as shown in Figure 4.2.9.

Figure 4.2.9

ii. Draw a circle with the center point and the diameter as shown in Figure 4.2.10.

Figure 4.2.10
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Activity 2

i. You are required to draw an arc with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.3.12 by using the Tree
Point ( 3P ).

Figure 4.3.12

ii. You are required to draw an arc with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.3.13 by using Start,
Center, Endpoint, ( S,C,E ) and Center, Start, Endpoint ( C,S,E ).

Figure 4.3.13

iii. You are required to draw an arc with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.3.14 by using Center,
Start, Angle ( C,S,A ).

Figure 4.3.14
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iv. Draw an arc as shown in Figure 4.3.15 using Start, Center, Length ( S,C,L ) and Center, Start,
Length ( C,S,L ).

Figure 4.3.15

v. Draw an arc as shown in Figure 4.3.16 using Start, Endpoint, Radius ( S,C,L ).

Figure 4.3.16
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Activity 3

i. You are required to draw the ellipse as shown in figure 4.4.17 by using Axis and Distance.

Figure 4.4.17

ii. You are required to draw the ellipses as shown in figure 4.4.18 by using Center, Axis and
Distance.

Figure 4.4.18
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FEEDBACK TO ACTIVITY
4B

Activity 1

i. Follow the sequence below to draw the circle using the center point and the radius method.

a. Type 'Circle' or `C' (as shortcut) at the command prompt or click Circle on the command menu or
click command button to execute circle command.
Command : Circle
b. Specify center point, O : pick
c. Specify circle radius : 18

Figure 4.2.11

ii. Follow the sequence below to draw the circle by using center and diameter.
a. Type 'Circle' or `C' (as shortcut) at the command prompt or click Circle on the command menu or
click command button to execute circle command.
Command : Circle
b. Specify center point, O : pick
c. Specify circle diameter : 18

Figure 4.2.12
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Activity 2

i. Follow the sequence below to draw the arc using the Tree Point ( 3P ).

a. Type 'Arc' or `A' (as shortcut) at the command prompt or click Arc on the command menu or
click command button to execute arc command.
Command : Arc
b. Specify center point, 1 : pick
c. Specify second point ,2 : pick
d. Specify end point, 3 : pick

Figure 4.3.17

ii. Follow the sequence below to draw the arc using Start, Center, Endpoint, ( S,C,E ) and Center, Start,
Endpoint ( C,S,E ).

a. Type 'Arc' or `A' (as shortcut) at the command prompt or click Arc on the command menu or
click command button to execute arc command.
Command : Arc
b. Specify center point, 1 : pick
c. Specify second point ,2 : pick
d. Specify end point, 3 : pick

Figure 4.3.18
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iii. Follow the sequence below to draw the arc using Center, Start, Angle ( C,S,A ).

a. Type 'Arc' or `A' (as shortcut) at the command prompt or click Arc on the command menu or
click command button to execute arc command.
Command : Arc
b. Specify center point, 1 : pick
c. Specify second point ,2 : pick
d. Specify end point, 3 : pick

Figure 4.3.19

iv. Follow the sequence below to draw the arc using Start, Center, Length ( S,C,L ) and Center, Start,
Length ( C,S,L ).

a. Type 'Arc' or `A' (as shortcut) at the command prompt or click Arc on the command menu or
click command button to execute arc command.
Command : Arc
b. Specify center point, 1 : pick
c. Specify second point ,2 : pick
d. Specify end point, 3 : pick

Figure 4.3.20
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v. Follow the sequence below to draw the arc using the Start, Endpoint, Radius ( S,C,L ).

a. Type 'Arc' or `A' (as shortcut) at the command prompt or click Arc on the command menu or click
command button to execute arc command.
Command : Arc
b. Specify center point, 1 : pick
c. Specify second point ,2 : pick
d. Specify end point, 3 : pick

Figure 4.3.21
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Activity 3

i. Follow the sequence below to draw the ellipse by using Axis and Distance.

a. Type 'Ellipse at the command prompt or click ellipse on the command menu or click command
button to execute ellipse command.
Command : Ellipse
b. Specify center point, 1 : pick
c. Specify second point ,2 : pick
d. Specify end point, 3 : pick

Figure 4.4.12

ii. Follow the sequence below to draw the ellipse by using Center, Axis and Distance.

a. Type 'Ellipse at the command prompt or click ellipse on the command menu or click command
button to execute ellipse command.
Command : Ellipse
b. Specify center of ellipse : Specify a point (1)
c. Specify endpoint of axis : Specify a point (2)
d. Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation] : Specify a distance by entering a value or locating a
point (3), or enter r.

Figure 4.4.13

Distance to Other Axis

Defines the second axis as the distance from the center of the ellipse, or midpoint of the first axis, to the point you
specify.
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SELF- ASSESSMENT 4B

You have successfully accomplished the drawing exercises for lines, rectangles, circles,
ellipse and arcs. Draw the pattern in Figure 4.4.15 using the suitable Draw Commands.

Figure 4.4.15

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4.5 DRAWING POLYLINE

Polilyne is similar to individual line segment except that a polyline may consist of besides the segments
and still be considered as a single entity. Width may also be assigned to a polyline compared to regular
line segment, which makes polylines perfect for drawing border and title block. Study both command
sequences below for using the Pline command.

Example( Figure 4.5.1 ) ;

Command : Pline
From point : ( Select a point at A )
Current line-width is 0.0000
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: ( Mark a point at A )
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: Width
Starting width <0.0000>: 0.10
Ending width < 0.0000> : ( Strike Enter to accept default )
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: ( Mark a point at B)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: ( Mark a point at C)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: ( Mark a point at D)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: ( Mark a point at E)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: ( Strike Enter to exit this command)

C D
B

A E

The four segment represent one

polyline entity.

Figure 4.5.1
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Example ( Figure 4.5.2 ) ;

Command : Pline
From point : ( Select a point at A )
Current line-width is 0.0000
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: @1.00<0( to B )
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: @2.00<90 ( to C)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: @0.50<0( to D)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: @0.75<90( to E)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: @0.75<180( to F)
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<endpoint of line>: Close

Figure 4.5.2
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4.6 DRAWING POLYGON

The polygon command is used to construct a regular polygon. Polygons are defined by the radius of
circle which classifies the polygon as either being inscribed or circumscribed. Polygons consist of a
closed polyline entity with width set to zero. The following prompt sequence is used to construct an
inscribed polygon with the illustration as a guide.

Example ( Figure 4.6.1 ) ;

Command : Polygon
Number of sides : 6
Edge/<Center of polygon>: ( Select a point at A )
Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle ( I/C ) : Inscribed
Radius of circle : 1.00

Figure 4.6.1

The following prompt sequence is used to construct a circumscribed polygon with the illustration as a
guide.

Example ( Figure 4.6.2 ) ;

Command : Polygon
Number of sides : 6
Edge/<Center of polygon>: ( Select a point at A )
Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle ( I/C ) : Circumscribed
Radius of circle : 1.00

Figure 4.6.3
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A polygon may be specified by locating the endpoints of one of its edges. The polygon is then drawn in a
counterclockwise direction. Study the illustration and the prompt sequence below for constructing a
polygon by one of its edges.

Example ( Figure 4.4.5 ) ;

Command : Polygon
Number of sides : 6
Edge/<Center of polygon> : Edge
First endpoint of edge : ( Select a point at A)
Second endpoint of edge : ( Select a point at B )

Figure 4.6.4
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4.7 DRAWING DONUT

Use the Donut command to construct a filled-in circle. This entity actually resembles a polyline. The
illustration below is an examples of a donut with an inside diameter of 0.50 units and an outside diameter
of 1.00 units. When placing Donut in a drawing, the multiple option is automatically invoked. This means
you can place as many donuts as you like until another command is selected from one of the three menu
areas or a Cancel or CTRL-C is issued.

Example ( Figure 4.7.1 ) ;

Command : Donut
Inside Diameter<0.50> : ( Strike Enter to accept the default )
Outside Diameter<1.00> : ( Strike Enter to accept the default )
Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut )
Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut or strike Enter to exit this command )

0.50

1.00

Figure 4.7.1

Set the inside diameter of a donut to a value of zero ( 0 ) and an outside diameter to any other values to
construct which is represented by dot.

Command : Donut
Inside Diameter<0.50> : 0
Outside Diameter<1.00> : 0.25
Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut )
Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut or strike Enter to exit this command )

4.8 DRAWING SOLID

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The Solid command allows the user to create a fill in area of quadrilateral or triangular shapes. Two
endpoints or intersections are picked as a starting edge of the solid. Two additional endpoints or
intersections complete the opposite edge of the solid. Study the following prompt sequence and the
illustration for creating a solid.
Example ( Figure 4.8.1 ) ;
Command : Solid
First point : ( Select the intersection at A )
Second point : (Select the intersection at B )
Third point : ( Select the intersection at C )
Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at D )
Third point : ( Strike Enter to exit this command )

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Figure 4.8.1

It is important to note how the second solid edge is selected. Instead of the third point being selected
diagonally from the second point as in the illustration, it was selected adjacent to the second point. This
created the hourglass shape familiar to first-time users of the Solid Command.
Example ( Figure 4.8.2 ) ;
Command : Solid
First point : ( Select the intersection at A )
Second point : (Select the intersection at B )
Third point : ( Select the intersection at C )
Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at D )
Third point : ( Strike Enter to exit this command )

(A) (B)

(D) (C)

Figure 4.8.2
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Solid edges may be continuously selected as in the illustration below. The key is that the third point is
picked opposite or diagonally from the second point. Follow the prompt sequence below to create this
type of multiple solid.

Example ( Figure 4.8.3 ) ;

Command : Solid
First point : ( Select the intersection at A )
Second point : (Select the intersection at B )
Third point : ( Select the intersection at C )
Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at D )
Third point : ( Select the intersection at E )
Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at F )
Third point : ( Select the intersection at G )
Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at H )
Third point : ( Strike Enter to exit this command )

(C) (E)

(A) (D) (F)

(A) (A) (B) (H) (G)

(A)

Figure 4.8.3
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ACTIVITY 4C

In this exercise, you are required to use the POLYGON, RECTANGULAR, DONUT, and ELLIPSE command to
draw whirlpool fixture. Try the following steps to complete your exercise.

Creating Rectangular
1. From the File menu, choose New.
2. Choose the Start From Scratch button, under the Select Default Setting list, select Metric,
then choose OK.
3. From the Draw menu, choose Rectangular
4. Enter 0,0 at the First corner : Command Prompt. Then press ENTER.
5. Enter 96,60 at the Other corner : Command prompt.
6. Enter 2,29 at the First corner : Command Prompt.
7. Enter 10,31 at the Other corner : Command Prompt. Then press ENTER.
8. From the View menu, choose Zoom, then choose Extents.

Using the ELLIPSE command

1. To draw an Ellipse, enter el at the command prompt.
2. Enter 5,30 at the Arc/Center/<Axis endpoint 1>: Command prompt. Then press ENTER.
3. Enter 91,30 at the Axis endpoint 2 : Command prompt, then press ENTER .
4. Enter 25 at the <Other axis distance>/Rotation : Command prompt. Then press ENTER.

Using the POLYGON command

1. From the Draw menu, choose POLYGON.
2. At the Number of sides <4> : Command prompt, enter 6, then enter 3,24 at the
Edge/<Center of Polygon> : Command prompt.
3. Enter i for inscribed, then enter 2 for radius. Press ENTER twice.
4. At the Number of sides <4> : Command prompt enter 6, then enter 3,36 at the
Edge/<Center of Polygon> : Command prompt.
5. Enter i for inscribed, then enter 2 for radius. Then press ENTER.

Using the DONUT command

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1. From the Draw menu, choose DONUT.

1. At the Inside Diameter : Command prompt, enter 2.5.
2. Enter 10 at the Outside diameter : Command prompt.
3. At the Center of doughnut : Command prompt, enter 48,30. Then press ENTER.

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