Trends, Network and Critical Thinking

in the 21st Century

SUMMARY

IN QUARTER 1, IT COVERS HOW THE NETWORKED WORLD/SOCIETY

CAME TO BE, DISCOVERING GLOBAL TRENDS AND FADS AND LEARNING HOW
TO ACCEPT AND REJECT EACH EMERGING PATTERN, AND LOOKING INTO
TECHNOLOGY'S ENABLING, EMANCIPATING AND ENSLAVING
DIMENSIONS. IN QUARTER 2, THE LEARNER UNDERSTANDS THE MEANING
AND DIMENSIONS OF DEMOCRACY. THE LEARNER UNDERSTANDS HOW ICT
ENSLAVES, EMANCIPATES, AND EMPOWERS INDIVIDUALS. THE LEARNER
UNDERSTANDS THE PARALLELISM BETWEEN NEURAL AND SOCIAL
NETWORKS.
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APPLICATION

Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking (TNCT) in

the 21st century subject provides area of knowledge
where deep understanding is required, it will help us
to discover and differentiate relationships between
causes and consequences. This subject may also be
applied in facing challenges addresses by the world
today. With this subject, the learners will be able
to perform competently and accurately. It offers
interesting topics that we can apply in real life
situations. We will learn many skills that we can use
for daily living. By studying this subject, we will
become aware of what is happening around us. We
will have an idea on how to become a productive
citizen and how to stand against social issues and
concerns.
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SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 2017

NEURAL AND SOCIAL NETWORKS

Neural networks (also referred to as connectionist systems) are a computational

approach, which is based on a large collection of neural units (AKA artificial neurons),
loosely modeling the way a biological brain solves problems with large clusters of
biological neurons connected by axons. Each neural unit is connected with many others,
and links can be enforcing or inhibitory in their effect on the activation state of
connected neural units. Each individual neural unit may have a summation function
which combines the values of all its inputs together. There may be a threshold function
or limiting function on each connection and on the unit itself: such that the signal must
surpass the limit before propagating to other neurons. These systems are self-learning
and trained, rather than explicitly programmed, and excel in areas where the solution
or feature detection is difficult to express in a traditional computer program.
Neural networks typically consist of multiple layers or a cube design, and the signal path
traverses from front to back. Back propagation is where the forward stimulation is used to
reset weights on the "front" neural units and this is sometimes done in combination with
training where the correct result is known. More modern networks are a bit more free flowing
in terms of stimulation and inhibition with connections interacting in a much more chaotic
and complex fashion. Dynamic neural networks are the most advanced- in that they
dynamically can, based on rules, form new connections and even new neural units while
disabling others.
The goal of the neural network is to solve problems in the same way that the human brain
would, although several neural networks are more abstract. Modern neural network projects
typically work with a few thousand to a few million neural units and millions of connections,
which is still several orders of magnitude less complex than the human brain and closer to
the computing power of a worm.

SOCIAL NETWORKS

A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as

individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between
actors. The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the structure
of whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the patterns observed in
these structures. The study of these structures uses social network analysis to identify local
and global patterns, locate influential entities, and examine network dynamics.
Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field
which emerged from social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. Georg
Simmel authored early structural theories in sociology emphasizing the dynamics of triads
and "web of group affiliations". Jacob Moreno is credited with developing the
first sociograms in the 1930s to study interpersonal relationships. These approaches were
mathematically formalized in the 1950s and theories and methods of social networks became
pervasive in the social and behavioral sciences by the 1980s. Social network analysis is now
one of the major paradigms in contemporary sociology, and is also employed in a number of
other social and formal sciences. Together with other complex networks, it forms part of the
nascent field of network science.
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INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

The twenty-first century has been characterized as the information age. No

doubt, one of the greatest achievements of this age has something to do with
the technology, especially the increasing power of communications. ICT is
providing an extra-ordinary opportunity to hone our critical thinking and
problem-solving skills. communication skills, creativity and innovation.
How has ICT positively affected the life of the members of the society or
the digital citizens? The following can serve as an example:
Education Many educators are already using and infusing technology as a
teaching-learning pedagogy through the use of different platforms.
Business Most entrepreneurs are making use of the internet and different
social networking sites to promote their businesses and products.
Government In the Philippines, many transactions with government offices
are now possible and available online. Application for birth certificates,
passport, NBI and like are maximized by some Filipinos.
Computers, e-mail, internet, fax machines, mobile phones are only among
the information communication tools that can be considered an integral part of
work activities in almost all companies or institutions in the Philippines and
abroad. The development and access of different technologies like wireless
networking and mobile devices significantly transformed user into content
producers.
ICT and Global Networks
With ICT in our schools, learners are not only consumers but content
creators as they write, edit, publish, participate, co-create and collaborate with
others through the use of technologies. ICT hastens global and democratic
network across the planet. The Internet is an apparatus for causal connection
as well as open spaces where individuals can voice out their issues. ICT can
generate global social awareness through social network sites. Social
networking sites also facilitate the mobilization of grassroot movements and
advocates especially among the younger generation. ICT promotes social
development by sharing knowledge, fostering cultural activity, increasing
democratic participation, and enhancing social cohesion. Technological
advances have improved life and brought the worlds people closer.
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DEMOCRATIC INTERVENTIONS
"Democracy is one of the most important principles for a better world. In its truest sense,
a democracy is a community in which all members have an equal say in the running of
that community. Unfortunately in reality, democratic societies have fallen short of this
ideal. Nevertheless, because of its very nature, once a democracy is established, its
citizens can work together to make their society more and more democratic, if they
choose to do so." Robert Alan Silverstein

POLITICAL CORRUPTION
There is an increase disenchantment of the state of society in our
globalized world. In a study about democratic participation in different
countries in the globe, 44 out of 47 countries that took part in the study
asserted that the conditions of a good society were not met (Barry Knight:
2002, p. 107)
Undemocratic practices breed social ills that haunt societies in the planet.
Dissatisfaction of citizens with their governments include: a. failure to meet
their basic needs that create profound insecurities,b. failure to protect them
from the sweeping winds of economic change where they lose their customs
and traditions, andc. failure to involve its citizens in its policies and programs.
Basic Needs
Failure to meet basic needs is a common complaint among many societies
in the world today. There was a growing gulf between rich and poor droving
the former to extra-legal activities such as theft and prostitution.
Association
Undemocratic practices undermine the traditional bonds of family and
kinship threatened by the pressures of work, urbanization and migration. The
distancing of government concerns from the lives of ordinary people
weakened customary forms of accountability and led to a highly corrupt, self-
seeking, inefficient, and partisan state.
Participation
Citizens play they part by (1) engaging in collective action to perform
voluntary work with others in order to tackle problems and (2) participating in
political processes to play an active role in relation to the state in order to
ensure that the state opened itself up to the influence of citizens.