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Importance of secondary metabolites;
Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial
pigments and phytochrome); Plant move-
ments; Photoperiodism and flowering,
vernalization, senescence; Growth sub-
stances their chemical nature, role and
applications in agri-horticulture; Growth
indices, growth movements; Stress phys-
iology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit
and seed physiology; Dormancy, storage
and germination of seed; Fruit ripening
its molecular basis and manipulation.
5. Ecology and Plant Geography:
Concept of ecosystem; Ecological fac-
tors; Concepts and dynamics of commu-
nity; Plant succession; Concept of bios-
phere; Ecosystems; Conservation;
Pollution and its control (including phy-
toremediation); Plant indicators;
Environment (Protection) Act.
Forest types of India - Ecological and
economic importance of forests,
afforestation, deforestation and social
forestry; Endangered plants, endemism,
IUCN categories, Red Data Books;
Biodiversity and its conservation;
Protected Area Network; Convention on
Biological Diversity; Farmers Rights and
Intellectual Property Rights; Concept of
Sustainable Development;
Biogeochemical cycles; Global warming
and climatic change; Invasive species;
Environmental Impact Assessment;
Phytogeographical regions of India.
CHEMISTRY
PAPER - I
1. Atomic Structure:
Heisenbergs uncertainty principle,
Schrodinger wave equation (time inde-
pendent); Interpretation of wave function,
particle in one-dimensional box, quantum
numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions;
Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
2. Chemical Bonding:
Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic com-
pounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle;
covalent bond and its general character-
istics, polarities of bonds in molecules
and their dipole moments; Valence bond
theory, concept of resonance and reso-
nance energy; Molecular orbital theory
(LCAO method); bonding in H2+, H2,
He2+ to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, and CN;
Comparison of valence bond and molec-
ular orbital theories, bond order, bond
strength and bond length.
3. Solid State:
Crystal systems; Designation of crystal
faces, lattice structures and unit cell;
Braggs law; X-ray diffraction by crystals;
Close packing, radius ratio rules, calcula-
tion of some limiting radius ratio values;
Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl and CaF2;
Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric
defects, impurity defects, semi-conduc-
tors.
4. The Gaseous State and Transport
Phenomenon:
Equation of state for real gases, inter-
molecular interactions and critical pheno-
mena and liquefaction of gases,
Maxwells distribution of speeds, inter-
molecular collisions, collisions on the wall
and effusion; Thermal conductivity and
viscosity of ideal gases.
5. Liquid State:
Kelvin equation; Surface tension and sur-
face energy, wetting and contact angle,
interfacial tension and capillary action.
6. Thermodynamics:
Work, heat and internal energy; first law
of thermodynamics.
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy
as a state function, entropy changes in
various processes, entropyreversibility
and irreversibility, Free energy functions;
Thermodynamic equation of state;
Maxwell relations; Temperature, volume
and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G,
Cp and Cv D and E; J-T effect and inver-
sion temperature; criteria for equilibrium,
relation between equilibrium constant
and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst
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heat theorem, introductory idea of third
law of thermodynamics.
7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase dia-
gram for a pure substance; phase equi-
libria in binary systems, partially miscible
liquidsupper and lower critical solution
temperatures; partial molar quantities,
their significance and determination;
excess thermodynamic functions and
their determination.
8. Electrochemistry:
Debye-Huckel theory of strong elec-
trolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law
for various equilibrium and transport
properties.
Galvanic cells, concentration cells; elec-
trochemical series, measurement of
e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel
cells and batteries.
Processes at electrodes; double layer at
the interface; rate of charge transfer, cur-
rent density; overpotential; electro-analyt-
ical techniques: Polarography, amperom-
etry, ion selective electrodes and their
uses.
9. Chemical Kinetics:
Differential and integral rate equations for
zeroth, first, second and fractional order
reactions; Rate equations involving
reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain
reactions; branching chain and explo-
sions; effect of temperature and pressure
on rate constant; Study of fast reactions
by stop-flow and relaxation methods;
Collisions and transition state theories.
10. Photochemistry:
Absorption of light; decay of excited state
by different routes; photochemical react-
ions between hydrogen and halogens
and their quantum yields.
11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:
Absorption from gases and solutions on
solid adsorbents, Langmuir and B.E.T.
adsorption isotherms; determination of
surface area, characteristics and mech-
anism of reaction on heterogeneous
catalysts.
12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:
Metal ions in biological systems and their
role in ion transport across the mem-
branes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-
uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferre-
doxins.
13. Coordination Compounds:
(i) Bonding theories of metal complexes;
Valence bond theory, crystal field theory
and its modifications; applications of the-
ories in the explanation of magnetism and
electronic spectra of metal complexes.
(ii) Isomerism in coordination com-
pounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordi-
nation compounds; stereochemistry of
complexes with 4 and 6 coordination
numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear
complexes; trans effect and its theories;
kinetics of substitution reactions in
square-planer complexes; thermodynam-
ic and kinetic stability of complexes.
(iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and
reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate
anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal
nitrosyl compounds.
(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems,
synthesis, structure and bonding in metal
olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and
cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordina-
tive unsaturation, oxidative addition reac-
tions, insertion reactions, fluxional mole-
cules and their characterization;
Compounds with metal-metal bonds and
metal atom clusters.
14. Main Group Chemistry:
Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and
cyclic phosphazene, silicates and sili-
cones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur
nitrogen compounds, noble gas com-
pounds.
15. General Chemistry of f Block
Elements:
Lanthanides and actinides; separation,
oxidation states, magnetic and spectral
properties; lanthanide contraction.
PAPER - II
1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding:
Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes,
azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.
2. (i) Reaction Mechanisms: General
methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of
study of mechanism of organic reactions:
isotopic method, cross-over experiment,
intermediate trapping, stereochemistry;
energy of activation; thermodynamic con-
trol and kinetic control of reactions.
(ii) Reactive Intermediates: Generation,
geometry, stability and reactions of carbo-
nium ions and carbanions, free radicals,
carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
(iii) Substitution Reactions: SN1, SN2
and SNi mechanisms; neighbouring group
participation; electrophilic and nucle-
ophilic reactions of aromatic compounds
including heterocyclic compoundspyr-
role, furan, thiophene and indole.
(iv) Elimination Reactions: E1, E2 and
E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2
reactionsSaytzeff and Hoffmann;
pyrolytic syn elimination Chugaev and
Cope eliminations.
(v) Addition Reactions: Electrophilic
addition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic
addition to C=0, C=N, conjugated olefins
and carbonyls.
(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements:
(a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beck-
mann, BaeyerVilliger, Favorskii, Fries,
Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-
Meerwein rearrangements.
(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen conden-
sation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel,
Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner,
Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions;
Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensat-
ions; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup
synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski,
Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and
Reformatsky reactions.
3. Pericyclic Reactions:
Classification and examples; Woodward-
Hoffmann rules electrocyclic reactions,
cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2]
and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5]
FMO approach.
4. (i) Preparation and Properties of
Polymers: Organic polymerspolyethy-
lene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride,
teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and nat-
ural rubber.
(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins,
DNA and RNA.
5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:
OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2,
NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4,
NaBH4, n-BuLi and MCPBA.
6. Photochemistry:
Photochemical reactions of simple organ-
ic compounds, excited and ground states,
singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I
and Type II reactions.
7. Spectroscopy:
Principle and applications in structure
elucidation:
(i) Rotational: Diatomic molecules; iso-
topic substitution and rotational constants.
(ii) Vibrational: Diatomic molecules, lin-
ear triatomic molecules, specific frequen-
cies of functional groups in polyatomic
molecules.
(iii) Electronic: Singlet and triplet states;
NoS* and SS*o transitions; application
to conjugated double bonds and conju-
gated carbonylsWoodward-Fieser rules;
Charge transfer spectra.
(iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H
NMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and
spin-spin interaction and coupling con-
stants.
(v) Mass Spectrometry: Parent peak,
base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty
rearrangement.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
PAPER I
1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of
Materials and Structural Analysis:
1.1 Engineering Mechanics:
Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors,
Concept of Force, Concept of particle and
rigid body. Concurrent, Non Concurrent
and parallel forces in a plane, moment of
force, free body diagram, conditions of
equilibrium, Principle of virtual work,
equivalent force system.
First and Second Moment of area, Mass
moment of Inertia.
Static Friction.
Kinematics and Kinetics:
Kinematics in Cartesian Co-ordinates,
motion under uniform and nonuniform
acceleration, motion under gravity.
Kinetics of particle: Momentum and
Energy principles, collision of elastic bod-
ies, rotation of rigid bodies.
1.2 Strength of Materials:
Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic con-
stants, axially loaded compression mem-
bers, Shear force and bending moment,
theory of simple bending, Shear Stress
distribution across cross sections, Beams
of uniform strength.
Deflection of beams: Macaulays method,
Mohrs Moment area method, Conjugate
beam method, unit load method. Torsion
of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns,
Eulers Rankines and Secant formulae.
1.3 Structural Analysis:
Castiglianios theorems I and II, unit load
method of consistent deformation applied
to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-
deflection, moment distribution,
Rolling loads and Influences lines:
Influences lines for Shear Force and
Bending moment at a section of beam.
Criteria for maximum shear force and
bending Moment in beams traversed by a
system of moving loads. Influences lines
for simply supported plane pin jointed
trusses.
Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and
fixed arches, rib shortening and tempera-
ture effects.
Matrix methods of analysis: Force
method and displacement method of
analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid
frames.
Plastic Analysis of beams and frames:
Theory of plastic bending, plastic analy-
sis, statical method, Mechanism method.
Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of iner-
tia, product of inertia, position of Neutral
Axis and Principle axes, calculation of
bending stresses.
2. Design of Structures: Steel,
Concrete and Masonry Structures:
2.1 Structural Steel Design:
Structural Steel: Factors of safety and
load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded
joints and connections. Design of tension
and compression member, beams of built
up section, riveted and welded plate gird-
ers, gantry girders, stancheons with bat-
tens and lacings.
2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry
Structures:
Concept of mix design. Reinforced
Concrete: Working Stress and Limit State
method of designRecommendations of
I.S. codes Design of one way and two
way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and
continuous beams of rectangular, T and L
sections. Compression members under
direct load with or without eccentricity,
Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining
walls.
Water tanks: Design requirements for
Rectangular and circular tanks resting on
ground.
Prestressed concrete: Methods and sys-
tems of prestressing, anchorages,
Analysis and design of sections for flex-
ure based on working stress, loss of pre-
stress.
Design of brick masonry as per I.S.
Codes
3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel
Flow and Hydraulic Machines:
3.1 Fluid Mechanics:
Fluid properties and their role in fluid
motion, fluid statics including forces act-
ing on plane and curved surfaces.