Wood armer method

Method for design of reinforcement for concrete shells.

Wood Armer is useful because it allows moment triads from grillages (Mx, My, Mxy) to be transformed into
simple bending moments in two directions for reinforcement design. This is important because the twisting
moment Mxy can be significant. [1]

An alternative to Wood Armer is the method of Denton and Burgoyne, see 'The assessment of reinforced
concrete slabs', SR Denton and CJ Burgoyne, 'The Structural Engineer', Volume 74, Number 9, May 1996.
This is useful where the reinforcement is already known e.g. in a existing bridge slab.

Discussion:

http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=24256

for overview of armor equation for skew reinforcement (local axis is different to reinf provided)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOpc7wXsnwM

1. Displacement compatibility between the plane stress component of one element and
the plate bending component of an adjacent element which is at an angle to the first
(see the following figure) is achieved by the elements. This compatibility requirement
is usually ignored in most flat shell/plate elements.

2. The out of plane rotational stiffness from the plane stress portion of each element is
usefully incorporated and not treated as a dummy as is usually done in most
commonly available commercial software.

3. Despite the incorporation of the rotational stiffness mentioned previously, the

elements satisfy the patch test absolutely.

4. These elements are available as triangles and quadrilaterals, with corner nodes only,
with each node having six degrees of freedom.

5. These elements are the simplest forms of flat shell/plate elements possible with corner
nodes only and six degrees of freedom per node. Yet solutions to sample problems
converge rapidly to accurate answers even with a large mesh size.
 6. These elements may be connected to plane/space frame members with full
displacement compatibility. No additional restraints/releases are required.

7. Out of plane shear strain energy is incorporated in the formulation of the plate bending
component. As a result, the elements respond to Poisson boundary conditions which
are considered to be more accurate than the customary Kirchoff boundary conditions.

8. The plate bending portion can handle thick and thin plates, thus extending the
usefulness of the plate elements into a multiplicity of problems. In addition, the
thickness of the plate is taken into consideration in calculating the out of plane shear.

9. The plane stress triangle behaves almost on par with the well known linear stress
triangle. The triangles of most similar flat shell elements incorporate the constant
stress triangle which has very slow rates of convergence. Thus the triangular shell
element is very useful in problems with double curvature where the quadrilateral
element may not be suitable.

10. Stress retrieval at nodes and at any point within the element.

11. Element aspect ratio should not be excessive. They should be on the order of 1:1, and
preferably less than 4:1.

12. Individual elements should not be distorted. Angles between two adjacent element
sides should not be much larger than 90 and never larger than 180.

Local to Global moments :

https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-
staad/w/structural_analysis_and_design__wiki/32092/global-moments-in-plates

SSI

Overview of Soil-Structure Interaction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXQdfM7oth4

CEEN 545 - Lecture 22 - Introduction to Soil Structure Interaction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDQsUmvS76A

Converting surface to plate

https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-
staad/w/structural_analysis_and_design__wiki/32215/how-can-i-convert-surface-elements-to-plate-
elements

plate,solid or member?

https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-
staad/w/structural_analysis_and_design__wiki/8445/member-plate-and-solid-which-one-to-use

optimum mesh size

https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-
staad/w/structural_analysis_and_design__wiki/30292/optimum-plate-mesh

Use of Von mises stress .. What is its significance?

http://www.learnengineering.org/2012/12/what-is-von-mises-stress.html

Which is suitable for slab Surface mesh or plate ? surface mesh!

https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-
staad/w/structural_analysis_and_design__wiki/30710/should-i-use-a-single-plate-or-a-mesh-of-
plates-for-modeling-slabs-in-staad-pro

Informaitive lecture on mohr circle

http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/01/principal-stress-plane-mohr-circle.html

Applying dynamic load in staad

https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-staad/f/ram-staad-forum/142268/machinery-
vibration-velocity

Elastic & Plastic mat

https://communities.bentley.com/products/ram-
staad/w/structural_analysis_and_design__wiki/29301/difference-between-elastic-mat-and-plate-
mat