Smarandache curves according to Sabban frame for Darboux vector of Mannheim

partner curve
Sleyman enyurt, Yasin Altun, and Ceyda Cevahir

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1833, 020024 (2017); doi: 10.1063/1.4981672

View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4981672
View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apc/1833/1
Published by the American Institute of Physics
 Smarandache curves According to Sabban Frame for
Darboux vector of Mannheim Partner Curve
Suleyman Senyurt 1,a) , Yasin Altun1,b) and Ceyda Cevahir1,c)
1
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
a)
Corresponding author: senyurtsuleyman@hotmail.com
b)
yasinaltun2852@gmail.com
c)
Ceydacevahir@gmail.com

Abstract. In this paper, we investigated special Smarandache curves belonging to Sabban frame drawn on the surface of the sphere
by Darboux vector of Mannheim partner curve. We created Sabban frame belonging to this curve. It was explained Smarandache
curves position vector is consisted by Sabban vectors belonging to this curve. Then, we calculated geodesic curvatures of this
Smarandache curves. Found results were expressed depending on the Mannheim curve.

Introduction and Preliminaries

A regular curve in Minkowski space-time, whose position vector is composed by Frenet frame vectors on another
regular curve, is called a Smarandache curve [8]. K. Taskopru, M. Tosun studied special Smarandache curves accord-
ing to Sabban frame on S 2 [9]. Senyurt and Calskan investigated special Smarandache curves in terms of Sabban
frame for fixed pole curve and spherical indicatrix and they gave some characterization of Smarandache curves [1, 2].
Senyurt et al. investigated special Smarandache curves according to Sabban frame for the curve drawn on the surface
of the sphere by the unit Darboux vector of Bertrand partner curve and this gave some characterization of Smaran-
dache curves [10]. Let : I E 3 be a unit speed curve denote by {T, N, B} the moving Frenet frame. For an arbitrary
curve E 3 , with first and second curvature, and respectively, the Frenet formulae is given by [5]

T 0 = N, N 0 = T + B, B0 = N (1)

the vector W is called Darboux vector defined by

W = T + B.
1
If we consider the normalization of the Darboux C = W we have, sin = and cos =
kWk kWk kWk
and
C = sin T + cos B (2)
where (W, B) = , [4]. Let and 1 be the C -class differentiable two curves and T 1 (s), N1 (s), B1 (s) be the Frenet
2

vectors of 1 . If the binormal vector of the curve 1 is linearly dependent on the principal normal vector of the curve
, then () is defined a Mannheim curve and (1 ) a Mannheim partner curve of (), [3, 6, 7]. The relations between
the Frenet vectors we can write

T 1 = sin T + cos B, N1 = cos T + sin B, B1 = N (3)

and the curvature and torsion we get

1 = 0 , 1 = . (4)
kWk

II. International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences

AIP Conf. Proc. 1833, 020024-1020024-5; doi: 10.1063/1.4981672
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1503-4/$30.00

020024-1

where = = constant. Let : I S 2 be a unit speed spherical curve. We can write
2 + 2
(s) = (s), t(s) = 0 (s), d(s) = (s) t(s), [9] (5)

{(s), t(s), d(s)} frame is expressed the Sabban frame of on S 2 . Then we have equations,

0 (s) = t(s), t0 (s) = (s) + g (s)d(s), d0 (s) = g (s)t(s), [9]. (6)

where g is expressed the geodesic curvature of the curve on S 2 which is

g (s) = ht0 (s), d(s)i [9]. (7)

Smarandache curves According to Sabban Frame for Darboux vector of Mannheim

Partner Curve
Let (C1 ) be a unit speed spherical curve on S 2 . Then we can write

C1 = sin 1 T 1 + cos 1 B1 , TC1 = cos 1 T 1 sin 1 B1 , C1 TC1 = N1 . (8)

where (C1 , B1 ) = 1 . Then from the equation 6 we have the following equations of (C1 ) are
kW1 k kW k
C1 0 = TC1 , TC0 = C1 + C TC1 , (C1 TC1 )0 = 10 TC1 . (9)
1 1 0 1 1
From the equation 7, we have the following geodesic curvature of (C1 ) is
kW1 k
g = hTC0 , C1 TC1 i = g = . (10)
1 1 0

Definition 1 Let (C1 ) be a spherical curve on S 2 . C1 and TC1 be unit vector belonging to (C1 ). In this case, 1 -
Smarandache curve can be defined by
1
1 (s) = (C1 + TC1 ). (11)
2
Theorem 2 The expression according to the Mannheim curve of geodesic curvature belonging to 1 -Smarandache
curve is
1 1 1 
g1 = 
5 1 2 + 23 , (12)
2 + 12 2
where coefficients are
1  kWk 0 2 + 2
= p (13)
02 + kWk2 0
and
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 = 2 + , 2 = 2 3 2 4 0 , 3 = 2 + 3 + 2 0 (14)
2 0
Proof. Substituting the equation 8 into equation 11 we obtain
1  
1 (s) = (sin 1 + cos 1 )T 1 + (cos 1 sin 1 )B1 . (15)
2
If equation 11 derivative is taken, we can write
1 0 (cos 1 sin 1 ) kW1 k 0 (cos 1 + sin 1 )
T 1 = T1 + p N1 1p B1 . (16)
21 02 + kW1 k2 21 02 + kW1 k2 21 02 + kW1 k2
p

020024-2
Considering the equations 15 and 16 we get
kW k(cos 1 + sin 1 ) 1 0 kW1 k(cos 1 + sin 1 )
1 T 1 = q1  2 T 1 q  2 N1 + q  2 B1 . (17)
2kW1 k2 + 4 1 0 2kW1 k2 + 4 1 0 2kW1 k2 + 4 1 0

If equation 16 derivative is taken, where coefficients are

!0
kW1 k 0 kW1 k kW1 k 0
!2
kW1 k 2 kW1 k 4 kW1 k 3
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
kW1 k kW1 k kW1 k kW1 k
1 = 2 + , 2 = 2 3 , 3 = 2 + + (18)
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

impending T 0 1 is, we reach

 4  4  4
1 0 2(1 sin 1 + 2 cos 1 ) 3 1 0 2 1 0 2(1 cos 1 2 sin 1 )
T 0 1 =   2 2 T 1
+   2 2 N1
+   2 2 B1 (19)
kW1 k2 + 1 0 kW1 k2 + 1 0 kW1 k2 + 1 0

From the equations 17 and 19, g1 geodesic curvature according to Mannheim partner curve of the 1 is
1  kW k kW1 k 
g1 =   kW k 2 5 0 1 0 2 + 23 .
1
(20)
2 + 10 ) 2 1 1
1

From the equations 3 and 4, Sabban apparatuses according to Mannheim curve of the 1 -Smarandache curve are
(0 + kWk) sin 0 kWk (0 + kWk) cos
1 (s) =
p T p N+ p B,
20 2 + 2kWk2 20 2 + 2kWk2 20 2 + 2kWk2
p
(0 kWk) sin kWk2 + 0 2 cos (0 + kWk)
T 1 (s) = p T p N
kWk2 + 0 2 1 + 22 kWk2 + 0 2 1 + 22
p
kWk2 + 0 2 sin (kWk 0 ) cos
+ p B,
kWk2 + 0 2 1 + 22
p
(kWk 0 ) sin 2 kWk2 + 0 2 cos 0 + kWk
1 T 1 (s) = p T+ p N
2 + 42 kWk2 + 0 2 2 + 42 kWk2 + 0 2
p
(kWk + 0 ) cos + 2 kWk2 + 0 2 sin
+ p B,
2 + 42 kWk2 + 0 2
1 1 1 
g1 = 
5 1 2 + 2 3 ,
2 + 12 2

where
1 1 0  kWk 0 2 + 2
= = p
kW1 k 02 + kWk2 0
impending coefficients are
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 = 2 + , 2 = 2 3 2 4 0 , 3 = 2 + 3 + 2 0
2 0
Definition 3 Let (C1 ) be a spherical curve on S 2 . C1 and C1 TC1 be unit vector of (C1 ). In this case, 2 - Smaran-
dache curve can be defined by
1
2 (s) = (C1 + C1 TC1 ). (21)
2

020024-3
Theorem 4 The expressions according to the Mannheim curve of Sabban apparatuses belonging to 2 -
Smarandache curve are
p p
kWk sin 0 2 + kWk2 cos 0 0 2 + kWk2 sin + kWk cos
2 (s) = p T+ p N+ p B,
20 2 + 2kWk2 20 2 + 2kWk2 20 2 + 2kWk2
0 sin kWk 0 cos
T 2 (s) = p T p N+ p B,
kWk2 + 0 2 kWk2 + 0 2 kWk2 + 0 2
p p
kWk sin kWk2 + 0 2 cos 0 kWk2 + 0 2 sin kWk cos
2 T 2 (s) = p T p N+ p B,
2kWk2 + 20 2 2kWk2 + 20 2 2kWk2 + 20 2
1+
g2 (s) = , (22)
1
Proof. The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.

Definition 5 Let (C1 ) be a spherical curve on S 2 . TC1 and C1 TC1 be unit vector of (C1 ). In this case, 3 -
Smarandache curve can be defined by
1
3 (s) = (TC1 + C1 TC1 ). (23)
2

Theorem 6 The expressions according to the Mannheim curve of Sabban apparatuses belonging to 3 -
Smarandache curve are
p p
0 sin kWk2 + 0 2 cos kWk kWk2 + 0 2 sin + 0 cos
3 (s) = p T+ p N+ p B,
20 2 + 2kWk2 20 2 + 2kWk2 20 2 + 2kWk2
p
kWk2 + 0 2 cos (0 + kWk) sin kWk 0
T 3 (s) = p T+ p N
2 + 2 kWk2 + 0 2 2 + 2 kWk2 + 0 2
p
kWk2 + 0 2 sin (kWk + 0 ) cos
+ p B,
2 + 2 kWk2 + 0 2
p
(2kWk 0 ) sin kWk2 + 0 2 cos 20 kWk
3 T 3 (s) = p T+ p N
4 + 22 kWk2 + 0 2 4 + 22 kWk2 + 0 2
p
(2kWk 0 ) cos + kWk2 + 0 2 sin
+ p B,
4 + 22 kWk2 + 0 2
1
g3 (s) =
 
5
25 41 4 42 + 4 43 , (24)
(2 + 2 ) 2

where coefficients are

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
41 = + 2 3 + 2 0 , 42 = 1 3 2 2 4 0 , 43 = 2 2 4 + 0 . (25)

Proof. The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.

Definition 7 Let (C1 ) be spherical curve on S 2 . C1 , TC1 and C1 TC1 be unit vector of (C1 ). In this case, 4 -
Smarandache curve can be defined by

1
4 (s) = (C + TC1 + C1 TC1 ). (26)
3 1

020024-4
Theorem 8 The expressions according to the Mannheim curve of Sabban apparatuses belonging to 4 -
Smarandache curve are

(0 + kWk) sin 0 2 + kWk2 cos 0 kWk 0 2 + kWk2 sin + (0 + kWk) cos

p p
4 (s) = T+ p N+ B,
30 2 + 3kWk2 30 2 + 3kWk2 30 2 + 3kWk2
p p

  p
( 1)0 kWk sin kWk2 + 0 2 cos 0 + ( 1)kWk
T 4 (s) = p T+ p p N
2(1 + 2 ) kWk2 + 0 2 2(1 + 2 ) kWk2 + 0 2
p

p  
kWk2 + 0 2 sin kWk + (1 )0 cos
+ p B,
2(1 + 2 ) kWk2 + 0 2
p

p
((2 )kWk (1 + )0 ) sin (21) kWk2 + 0 2 cos (2 )0 + (1 + )kWk
4 T 4 (s) = p T+ p N
6 6 + 62 kWk2 + 0 2 6 6 + 62 kWk2 + 0 2
p
((2 )kWk + (1 + )0 ) cos + (2 1) kWk2 + 0 2 sin
+ p B,
6 6 + 62 kWk2 + 0 2
(24 5 )1 (5 + 4 )2 + (25 4 )3
g4 (s) = 5
, (27)
4 2(1 + 2 ) 2
where coefficients are
1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1  1
1 = 2+4 4 2 +2 3 +2 0 2 1 , 2 = 2+2 4 2 +2 3 2 4 0 1+ , 3 = 2 4 2 +4 3 2 4 + 0 2

(28)

Proof. The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.

REFERENCES
[1] A.T. Ali, International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, 2, 30-36 (2010).
[2] A. Calskan and S. Senyurt, Gen. Math. Notes, 31(2), 1-15 (2015).
[3] A. Calskan and S. Senyurt, International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, 1, 1-13 (2015).
[4] W. Fenchel, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 57, 44-54 (1951).
[5] H.H. Hacsalihoglu, Differential geometry(in Turkish), Academic Press Inc. Ankara, 1994.
[6] H. Liu, F. Wang, Journal of Geometry, 88(1-2), 120-126 (2008).
[7] K. Orbay and E. Kasap, International Journal of Physical Sciences, 4(5), 261-264 (2009).
[8] M. Turgut and S. Ylmaz, International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, 3, 51-55 (2008).
[9] K. Taskopru and M. Tosun, Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matematica 3 Srie. 32(1), 51-59 (2014).
[10] S. Senyurt,Y. Altun, C. Cevahir, AIP Conference Proceedings 1726, 020045,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945871, 2016.

020024-5