PLD Presentation

Pressure Limiting Driver (PLD)
Discharge Pressure Control

Suction Pressure Control
June 9 2009
Mark Evans Clarke Fire Protection Products

Justin Strousse Clarke Fire Protection Products
Overview
Discharge Pressure Control
Causes
C off System
S t Over-Pressure
O P
NFPA 20 2003/2007 Approved

pp Methods for
Controlling System Over-Pressure
Variable
Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control
Control Language
Defined in NFPA 20 2003/2007
Graphs
G h reviewing
i i h how V
Variable
i bl SSpeed
dDDrivers
i control
t l
system over-pressure
Benefits of using Variable Speed Drivers

Causes of
System Over-Pressure
Over Pressure
Variable
V i bl S Suction
ti P Pressure
Pump
p Pressure Curve Rise to Shutoff
Engine Speed Increase to Shutoff

commonly referred to as Droop
Droop
Variable
Suction Pressure
Systems are designed for a minimum supply pressure
when typically the water pressure is much higher.
During a 24 hour period demand for water fluctuates.
Over time new consumers, feeder branches and/or

water pumps are added or removed from the municipal
system.
Regions which get water from mountain sources have

seasonal fluctuations.
Note: A fire can occur at anytime; not
necessarily at the design suction pressure.
Pump Curve
Pressure Rise to Shutoff
Pumps are allowed to have up to 140% rise in pump
pressure from rated pressure
The higher the rise in shut off pressure, the less

amount of horsepower is needed to obtain the rated
pressure
The higher the rise in shut off pressure, the greater

the chance of over pressurizing the sprinkler system
system.
Speed Increase
to Shutoff
When the load or horsepower demand is reduced on
either a Diesel Engine or an Electric Motor, the driver
speed increases.
This increase in speed is known as Slip for an
Electric Motor and Droop for a Diesel Engine.
-NFPA 20 allows a 10% droop
droop.
One of the Affinity Laws state that pump pressure
varies by the square of the speed. The increase in
rpm, due to reduced load at no-flow, could over-
pressurize the sprinkler system.
Note: At 1760 rpm, a 10% increase in
speed results in a 21% increase in pressure.
System Pressure
Supply pressure is generally the highest at
shut-off where the p
pumppppressure and engine
g
droop are the greatest. All 3 factors must be
taken into account to prevent over
pressurization.
pressurization
Controlling Sprinkler System
Over Pressure
Over-Pressure
NFPA 2003/2007 Approved Options:
1) Break Tank
Requirements-
-An automatic fill
May reduce the overall reliability
-More floor space
Adds significant cost to the installation.
Over Pressure
Over-Pressure
2) Ground Storage Tank
Requirements-
-Sized to meet the total fire flow requirement
Adds Significant cost to the installation
-Physical Space
May not have room on property
Over Pressure
Over-Pressure
3) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control
Requirements-
-Device on Engine
-Sensing Line
-Pressure Relief Valve
-Additional visible and audible alarm on the controller
Variable Speed Approved
2003/2007 Edition of NFPA 20
Variable Speed Definition
3.3.45 (2003) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control

(VSPLC). A speed control system used to limit the total
discharge pressure by reducing the pump driver speed
from the rated speed
speed.
3.3.55 (2007) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control.

A speedd control
t l system
t used
d tto limit
li it th
the ttotal
t l di
discharge
h
pressure by reducing the pump driver speed from the
rated speed.
Variable Speed is recognized as a Solution
to system Over-pressure
5.7.4.3 (2003) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control

5.7.6.3 (2007) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control
5.7.4.3.1 (2003) Variable speed pressure limiting control

drivers, as defined in this standard, are acceptable to meet
the requirements of 5.7.4.1
5.7.6.3.1 (2007) Variable speed pressure limiting control

drivers, as defined in this standard, are acceptable to limit
system
y pressure.
p
Variable Speed is recognized as a Solution
to system Over-pressure
5.7.4.1
5 7 4 1 (2003) The
Th nett pump shutoff
h t ff (churn)
( h ) pressure
plus the maximum static suction pressure, adjusted for
elevation,, shall not exceed the pressure
p for which the
system components are rated.
5.7.6.1
5 7 6 1 (2007) The
The net pump shutoff (churn) pressure
plus the maximum static suction pressure, adjusted for
elevation, shall not exceed the pressure for which the
system
t components t are rated.
t d
Pressure Relief Valves and System Over-pressure
Over pressure
5.7.4.2
5 7 4 2 (2003) Pressure
Pressure relief valves shall not be used
as a means to meet the requirements of 5.7.4.1
5.7.6.2
5 7 6 2 (2007) Pressure
Pressure relief valves and pressure
regulating devices in the fire pump installation shall not
be used as a means to meet the requirements of
5.7.6.1
Pressure Relief Valves and System
y Over-pressure
p
5.18.1.3 (2003) Where a variable speed pressure

limiting control driver is installed
installed, a pressure relief valve
shall be installed.
5.18.1.1
18 1 1 (2007)
(200 ) Where
Wh a diesel
di l engine
i fifire pump iis
installed and where a total of 121 percent of net rated
shutoff ((churn)) pressure
p p
plus the maximum static suction
pressure, adjusted for elevation, exceeds the pressure
for which the system components are rated, a pressure
relief valve shall be installed
installed.
Requirements for Variable Speed Pressure Limiting
11.2.4.2.3 (2003) In the event of a failure of the

pressure limiting control system, the engine shall be fully
functional with the governor defined in 11.2.4.1.
(Governor regulates
(G l t the
th engine
i speedd within
ithi a
10% range between shutoff and maximum load)
11.2.4.2.3
11 2 4 2 3 (2007) In
In the event of a failure of the
pressure limiting control system, the engine shall be fully
functional with the governor defined in 11.2.4.1.
Example
The next group of slides will show how variable

suction can affect the sprinkler system pressure
pressure.
The graphs are general examples. Specific jobsite

d t may vary from
data f this
thi example.
l
Typical System Performance W/ Pressure Limiting Driver (PLD)
Typical Pump Performance - 1500 GPM, 125PSI, 2100 RPM
250
200
Pressure (PSI))
150
100 Pump Curve
50
0 2200
p Speed (RPM)
Pump Speed 2000
1800
Pump
1600
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
w/ Design Suction Supply Pressure Curve and Discharge Pressure Curve
250
PSI)
Pressure (P 200 Discharge Pressure -
1 0
150
100 Pump Curve

Design Suction
Pressure Curve
50
0 2200
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

Pump Speed
1800
1600
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
Sprinkler
p System
y is designed
g for 1500 GPM @ 145 PSI
(125 PSI Pump + 20 PSI Suction = 145 PSI)
w/ Max Suction Supply Pressure Curve and Discharge Pressure Curve
Discharge Pressure -
250 Max Suction Pressure
SI) 200
Pump
Pressure (PS
150
100
50
Max Suction
0 2200
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
Pump 2000
1800
1600
P
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
Sprinkler System Pressure vs Flow with an additional

suction pressure variation of 55 PSI.
(This gives 75 PSI total suction pressure.)
Discharge Pressure Curves
250
Max Suction Pressure
SI)
Pressure (PS 200
150
100
50 Design Suction
S Pressure
0 2200
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
Pump Speed 2000
1800
1600
P
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
Discharge pressure curves based upon minimum
and maximum suction pressure at design flow
rate.
t Pressure
P varies
i from
f 145 PSI tto 200 PSI
PSI.
Discharge Pressure Curves w/ 175 PSI System Pressure Limit
250 Max S
M Suction
ti Pressure
P
PSI)
Pressure (P 200 Over Pressure Region 175 PSI Pressure Limit
150
100 Discharge Pressure -

Design Suction Pressure
50
0 2200
RPM)
Pump Speed 2000
Pump Speed (R
1800
1600
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
Based upon a system designed for a 175 PSI max

working pressure, the yellow region shows the
system Over-Pressure region as suction
pressure increased from 20 PSI to 75 PSI.
Max Discharge Pressure Curve Up To 1500 GPM w/ PLD Off
w/ PLD Off
PSI)
Pressure (P 200
1 0
150
175 PSI Pressure Limit
100
50
0 Pump Speed 2200
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

1800
1600
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
Shows system pressure from 0 GPM to 1500 GPM.

This is the region of the system pressure that
exceeds the PLD set point of 175 PSI. This slide
shows normal system pressure vs flow and RPM
with the PLD turned Off.
System Performance 1200 - 1500 GPM w/ PLD On
Max S
M Suction
ti Pressure
P
250 w/ PLD Off
200
SI)
Pressure (PS
150
PLD On
50
Pump Speed PLD

0 Off 2200
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
2000
1800
Pump Speed PLD
On
1600
P
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
This slide shows the PLD at work. At 1500 GPM system pressure
begins to be trimmed
trimmed .
Note: Pump Speed vs Flow Curve the pump speed drops
to accomplish this pressure trimming.
250
w/ PLD Off
PSI)
Pressure (P 200
1 0
150
PLD On
50
Pump Speed PLD

Off
0 2200
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

1800
Pump Speed PLD
On
1600
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
With the flow reducing to 900 GPM.

Note: The PLD continues Trimming pressure as
speed continues to reduce.
Max S
M Suction
ti Pressure
P
250
w/ PLD Off
SI)
Pressure (PS 200
150
PLD On
50
Pump Speed PLD

0 Off 2200
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
2000
1800
Pump Speed PLD
On
1600
P
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)

Note: The PLD continues Trimming pressure as
speed continues to reduce.
Max S
M Suction
ti Pressure
P
250 w/ PLD Off
200
SI)
Pressure (PS
150
PLD On
50
Pump Speed PLD

Off 2200
0
ump Speed (RPM))

2000
1800
Pump Speed PLD
On
Pu
1600
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)

Note: Pressure Trimming is maintained by speed
reduction.
System Performance Up To 1500 GPM w/ PLD On
250
w/ PLD Off
SI)
Pressure (PS 200
150
PLD On
50
Pump Speed PLD

0 Off 2200
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
2000
1800
Pump Speed PLD
On
1600
P
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
With flow now reduced to shut-off (0 GPM).

Note: Pressure Trimming and speed reduction
curves.
Complete System
250 w/ PLD Off
SI)
Pressure (PS 200 175 PSI Pressure Limit
150
PLD On
50
Pump Speed PLD

0 Off 2200
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
2000
1800
Pump Speed PLD
On
1600
P
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
Previous slides show system pressure with VSD

with 75 PSI suction pressure at < rated GPM
GPM.
Complete System
250 w/ PLD Off
SI)
Pressure (PS
200 Over Pressure Region 175 PSI Pressure Limit
150
100 Discharge Pressure -

Design Suction Pressure Discharge Pressure -
50
PLD On
Pump Speed PLD
0 Off 2200
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
2000
1800
Pump Speed PLD
On
1600
P
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow (GPM)
Control of over pressure depending upon suction

pressure.
PLD Benefits
Pressure Limiting
g Drivers ((PLD)) will Prevent Sprinkler
p
System Over-Pressure due to:
Variable Suction Pressure

High Pump Shut-Off Pressure
Engine Droop
PLD Benefits
No device in the main supply

pp y line with p
potential
obstructions to the water flow.
Saves design time by not having to review multiple

engine/pump combinations, to confirm shut off pressure
will NOT exceed the system pressure.
Reduces quantity of pressure control valves on high

rise applications
pp by
y capping
pp g the maximum p pressure sent
to the sprinkler system.
PLD Benefits
Enables yyou to use p

pumps
p with steeper
p shut off curves
requiring less horse power to potentially reduce the
engine/pump cost.
Eliminate routine discharge of excess water during

weekly tests
Mechanical vs Electronic PLD
Discharge Control
Mechanical Engine
g
Pressure settings of 100, 170 or 240 psi
Engine has droop
Electronic Engine
Factory Set any control pressure between 100 and 350
psi for precise pressure control
Engine has 0% droop
No water discharge from pressure sensing line during
operation
Pressure Limiting Driver
Applications
Pumps
p using g municipal
p water with a p
pressure rating
g of
125 psi or higher.
Facilities that requires 2 sources of water.
One pump used for multiple buildings.
A large pressure difference between the static suction
pressure and residual suction pressure.
Electronic Pressure Limiting
Driver Applications
High
g Rise Application-
pp
Capable of 350 psi allowing the engine to protect

the maximum rating of the riser
riser.
Reduce the amount of pressure reducing valves on

th upper floors
the fl off a building.
b ildi
Can be Factoryy Set to a specific

p calculated
pressure to allow for 100 psi on the roof while
preventing system over pressure.
Electronic Pressure Limiting
Driver Applications
Replacement
p Pump
p Sets
Protect Underground Loop.
Protect older sprinkler systems by using the engine

to reduce the maximum pressure.
Summary
PLD Discharge Control
Pressure Relief Valves are no longer
g allowed to be
used to control sprinkler system over-pressure.
The PLD is an effective way of controlling system over

over-
pressure by reducing the rpm of the driver according to
the 2003/2007 NFPA 20 regulations.
Overview
Suction Pressure Control
Causes of Suction Under-Pressure
Variable Speed Suction Limiting Control Language

Defined in NFPA 20 (2010 Draft)
Graphs reviewing how Pressure Limiting Drivers

control
t l suction
ti under-pressure
d
Need for Suction
Pressure Control
Local water companies
p typically
yp y require
q a minimum
suction pressure to be maintained.
Causes of Suction
Under Pressure
Under-Pressure
During
g a 24 hour p
period demand for water fluctuates.
Over time new consumers, feeder branches and/or water

pumps are added or removed from the municipal system.
Regions which get water from mountain sources have

seasonal fluctuations
fluctuations.
Excessive water demand beyond 150% of rated flow or

demand beyond design point
point.
Suction Variable Speed Draft
2010 Edition NFPA 20
3.3 General Definitions ((2007))
NFPA 20 par. 3.3 Variable Speed Suction Limiting

Control A speed control system used to maintain a
Control.
minimum positive suction pressure at the pump inlet by
reducing the pump driver speed while monitoring
pressure in
i th
the suction
ti piping
i i ththrough
h a sensing
i liline.
5.15.9 Low Suction Throttling
g Valves ((2007))
NFPA 20 par. 5.15.9.1 Low suction throttling valves or

variable speed suction limiting controls for pump driver
that are listed for fire pump service and that are suction
pressure sensitive shall be permitted where the authority
having jurisdiction requires positive pressure to be
maintained on the suction piping.
5.14.9 Devices in Suction Piping
p g ((2007))
NFPA 20 par. 5.14.9.2 (2) Where the authority having

jurisdiction requires positive pressure to be maintained
on the suction piping, a pressure-sensing line for low
suction pressure control, specifically listed for fire pump
service,
i shall
h ll b
be permitted
itt d tto b
be connected
t d tto th
the
suction piping.
Example
The next group of slides will show how variable

suction can affect the sprinkler system pressure
pressure.
The graphs are general examples.

S
Specific
ifi jjobsite
b it ddata
t may vary ffrom thi
this example.
l
Suction Pressure Limiting Device
For
Typical 1500 GPM Horizontal Split Case Pump System Performance
System Design Point
250
Sprinkler System Pressure - 2100 RPM Rated Speed
2370 GPM M Max Fl
Flow R
Rate
t att
20 PSI Minimum Suction Pressure
200
Design Point
150
essure (PSI)
Typical
Pump System
100 Curve Minimum Design Suction
Supply Pressure
50
Pre
0 20 PSI Minimum Suction

Pressure Set Point
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

2100 RPM
Rated Speed
1500
P
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow
System flow design point 1500 GPM at 175 PSI

Typical warehouse with 45 ft elevation to the sprinkler grid.
Water company requires 20 PSI minimum suction pressure.
For
Flow Increases
250
Sprinkler
p System
y Pressure - 2100 RPM Rated Speed
p
2370 GPM M Max Fl
Flow R
Rate
t att
200
150
Minimum Design
essure (PSI)
Suction Supply
Pressure Operating Point
100
50 20 PSI Minimum Suction

Pre
Pressure Set Point
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

2100 RPM
Rated Speed
1500
P
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow
System flow 2370 GPM at 120 PSI at 20 PSI minimum suction

pressure as additional sprinkler heads open
open.
Minimum suction pressure could occur under
150% of rated flow.
For
Engine Speed Reduced To Maintain Minimum Suction Pressure
250
2370 GPM M Max Fl
Flow R
Rate
t att
200
150 PLD On
Minimum Design PLD Off

essure (PSI)
Suction Supply 1900 RPM

Pressure
100
Operating Point Suction
Pressure Below
Set Point
50
Pre
20 PSI Minimum Suction
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

1900 RPM
2100 RPM
Rated Speed
1500
P
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow
As additional sprinkler heads open, suction pressure tries to

reduce below 20 PSI
PSI, but engine speed is reduced to 1900 rpm to
maintain 20 PSI suction pressure.
Flow is maintained at 2370 GPM at 100 PSI.
For
Engine Speed Reduced To Maintain Minimum Suction Pressure
250
2370 GPM M Max Fl
Flow R
Rate
t att
200
150 PLD On

essure (PSI)
Suction Supply 1900 RPM

Pressure
100 1700 RPM
Suction
Operating Point
Pressure Below
20 PSI Minimum Suction Set Point
50
Pre
Pressure Set Point
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

1900 RPM
2100 RPM
1700 RPM
Rated Speed
1500
P
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow

reduce below 20 PSI
For
Engine Speed Reduces To Maintain Minimum Suction Pressure
250
2370 GPM M Max Fl
Flow R
Rate
t att
200
150 PLD On
Minimum
Mi i D
Design
i PLD Off
essure (PSI)
Suction Supply
1900 RPM
Pressure
100 1700 RPM
1500 RPM Suction

Pressure Below
20 PSI Minimum Suction Operating Point Set Point
50
Pre
Pressure Set Point
PM)
2000
Pump Speed (RP

1900 RPM
2100 RPM
1700 RPM
Rated Speed
1500 RPM 1500
P
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow

reduce below 20 PSI
For
Engine Speed Reduces To Maintain Minimum Suction Pressure
250
Sprinkler
p System
y Pressure - 2100 RPM Rated Speed
p
2370 GPM Max Flow Rate at
200
PLD On
150
Suction Supply
essure (PSI)
1900 RPM
Pressure
100 1700 RPM
1500 RPM Suction

1300 RPM Pressure Below
Set Point
50 20 PSI Minimum Suction Operating
p g Point
Pre
Pressure Set
S Point
M)
Pump Speed (RPM
2000
1900 RPM
2100 RPM
1700 RPM
Rated Speed
1500 RPM 1500
1300 RPM Minimum Speed
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Flow

reduce
d b
below
l 20 PSI
PSI, but
b t engine
i speed d is
i reduced
d d tto 1300 rpm tto
PLD Suction Calculator
Will be available on the www.Clarkefire.com web

site.
Produce a curve showing minimum discharge

pressure, maximum flow rate, based upon the
minimum suction pressure.
PLD Benefits
Reduces water flow to maintain minimum suction

pressure so water is available to the sprinkler
system.
No valve in-line with water supply.
S
Substitute ffor break tank. More economical.
Designed
g to p
protect water supply
pp y when the number
of open sprinkler heads exceed the design criteria.
Summary
PLD Suction Control
PLD and suction control valve both control p
pressure
while maintaining the same flow.
PLD send a signal to diesel controller if minimum

pressure (rpm) is obtained.
Added Benefitf Both Discharge control and Suction

S
control can be provided on one engine.
VSD Benefits
Thank You

PLD Presentation

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Pressure Limiting Driver (PLD)

Discharge Pressure Control

Mark Evans Clarke Fire Protection Products

NFPA 20 2003/2007 Approved

Benefits of using Variable Speed Drivers

Engine Speed Increase to Shutoff

During a 24 hour period demand for water fluctuates.

Over time new consumers, feeder branches and/or

Regions which get water from mountain sources have

The higher the rise in shut off pressure, the less

The higher the rise in shut off pressure, the greater

2) Ground Storage Tank

3) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control

3.3.45 (2003) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control

3.3.55 (2007) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control.

5.7.4.3 (2003) Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control

5.7.4.3.1 (2003) Variable speed pressure limiting control

5.7.6.3.1 (2007) Variable speed pressure limiting control

5.18.1.3 (2003) Where a variable speed pressure

11.2.4.2.3 (2003) In the event of a failure of the

The next group of slides will show how variable

The graphs are general examples. Specific jobsite

100 Pump Curve

100 Pump Curve

Pump Speed (RP

Sprinkler System Pressure vs Flow with an additional

100 Discharge Pressure -

Based upon a system designed for a 175 PSI max

0 Pump Speed 2200

Pump Speed (RP

Shows system pressure from 0 GPM to 1500 GPM.

Pump Speed PLD

Pump Speed PLD

Pump Speed (RP

With the flow reducing to 900 GPM.

Pump Speed PLD

With the flow reducing to 600 GPM.

Pump Speed PLD

ump Speed (RPM))

With the flow reducing to 300 GPM.

Pump Speed PLD

With flow now reduced to shut-off (0 GPM).

Pump Speed PLD

Previous slides show system pressure with VSD

100 Discharge Pressure -

Control of over pressure depending upon suction

Variable Suction Pressure

No device in the main supply

Saves design time by not having to review multiple

Reduces quantity of pressure control valves on high

Enables yyou to use p

Eliminate routine discharge of excess water during

Capable of 350 psi allowing the engine to protect

Reduce the amount of pressure reducing valves on

Can be Factoryy Set to a specific

Protect Underground Loop.

Protect older sprinkler systems by using the engine

The PLD is an effective way of controlling system over

Variable Speed Suction Limiting Control Language

Graphs reviewing how Pressure Limiting Drivers

Over time new consumers, feeder branches and/or water

Regions which get water from mountain sources have

Excessive water demand beyond 150% of rated flow or

NFPA 20 par. 3.3 Variable Speed Suction Limiting