THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAMTHE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM NEW EDITION PREPARED BY A NUMBER OF LEADING ORIENTALISTS EDITED BY C. E, BOSWORTH, E. van DONZEL, B. LEWIS anp Cu. PELLAT ASSISTED BY F. Tu. DIJKEMA AND Mus S. NURIT UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ACADEMIES VOLUME V KHE—MAHI REGI0, os LEIDEN E. J. BRILL 1986EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Members: CC, Bere, C, E. Bosworrn, J. T. P. ox Brurys, Ct. Camen, A. Dias Farnana, E. van Donzer, ret, E. Garcia Gomez, A. K.S. Lanston, G. Lecowre, T. Lewrcxt, B, Lewis, Fr, Meter, Cx, Pewiat, F. ROSENTHAL, F. RUNDGREN, A. L. Upovircs, F. C. WIEDER. Associated members: layr AL-Asnt, A, S, BAZ Ansan, HaLit INatctk, [prauim MADKouR, S, H. Nasr, M. Taunt, E. Tyaw, The preparation of this volume of the Encyclopaedia of Islam was made possible in part through grants from the Research Tools Program of the National Endow- ment for the Humanities, an independent Federal Agency of the United States Government, and from Mr, Gerald L. Parsky. ‘The articles in this volume were published in double fascicules of 128 pages, the dates of publication being: 1979: Fascs. 79-80, p. 1-128 1983: Fases. 89-92, p. 641-896 1980: Fascs. 81-84, p. 129-384 1984: Fases. 93-04, p. 897-1024 198t: Fascs. 85-86, p. 385-312 1985: Fass. 95-98, p. 1025-1263, 1982: Fascs. 87-88, p. 513-640 ISBN 90 04 07839 3 Copyright 1986 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands, All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the Editors. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDSAUTHORS OF ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME For the benefit of readers who may wish to follow up an individual contributor's articles, the Editors have decided to place after each contributor’s name the numbers of the pages on which his signature appears Academic but not other addresses are given (for a retired scholar, the place of his last known academic appointment). In this list, names in square brackets are those of authors of articles reprinted or revised from the first edition of this Encyclopaedia or from the Skorter Encyclopaedia of Islam. An asterisk after the name of the author in the text denotes an article reprinted from the first edition which has been brought up to date by the Editorial Committee; where an article has been revised by second author his name appears in the text within square brackets after the name of the original author. Insaw Annas, American University, Beirut. 553. Z. Apramanowicr, University of Cracow. 723, 767. Aziz AuMAD, University of Toronto. 6. S, Magnut ANMAD, University of Kashmic, Srinagar. 938. M. Monre Axtere, University of Istanbul. 297, 837. J.P. Auata, Paris, 252. MARIE M, ALEXANDRESCU-Dersca BuLcart, Uni- versity of Bucarest. 278 Hamp Atcar, University of California, Berkeley. 41, 301, 486, 1222, UJ. ALLAN, London] 684. J.W. ALLAN, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. 357 A. ALPARStAN, University of Istanbul. 225, P. A. Anprews, University of Cologne. 60r, 637, 1220, 1261, R. Anwatpez, University of Paris. 99, 513, 579, 64, 844, 894, 1263. [T. W. Arsoun}. 353, 549, 1230. ‘Asp AL-KaRiM AL-Asiitan, University of Damascus. 2257. the tate E. Asuror, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 557, 967. NunMan ATASOY, University of Istanbul. 19, 76. M. Arman Att, Aligach Muslim Unive A.S, Ariva, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. 95. LPR. Basixcer, Munich]. 32, 171, 283, J.-L. Bacout-Grammowt, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris. 32, 35. Eva Baz, University of Tel-Aviv. 17, 18, 993 M. A. Baxwit, University of Jordan, Amman. 594. (W. Barriouo, Leningrad). 24, 31, 136, 247, 300, 314, 384, 397, 400, 852. {R. Basser, Algiers). 367, 379, 540. M. Cavip Baysuw, University of Istanbul. 273. A. F, L, BEESTON, University of Oxford. 120. [M, Ben Cuewes, Algiers). 345, 373. $17, 807. R. Bewcnenes, Paris. 1030. Mow M. BERWAxD, Centre National de la Recherche Sclentifique, Paris, 242. [H. Bevenipor). 74. A, Bixex, Hamburg. 776. B. Binneaum, University of Toronto. 836. A.D, H. Btvar, University of London. 223, 237 W. Byiaxwax, Uppsala. 770. J. R. Bracksurs, University of Toronto. 1242. A. J. E. Boprosticen, University of California, Los “Angeles. 539. (Ty. ve Boer, Amsterdam). 579. ‘the late Tu. Bors, Paris. 147, 447, 470, 479, 486. B. J. Bovawp, Oegstgeest, Netherlands. 715. A. Bowesaxxen, University of California, Los Angeles. 322, 841, 902, P.N. Borarav, Centre National de la Recherche ‘Scientifique, Paris. 5, 246, 270, 953. J. Boscu-ViLA, University of Granada, 587, 632, 683. CE. Boswonrx, University of Manchester. , 31, 37. 46, 47, 48, 59, 75, 102, 108, 182, 184, 243, 247, 251, 264, 280, 283, 287, 312, 353) 357; 359s 360, 361, 364, 375, 378, 385, 389, 391, 392; 497, 498, 301, 502, 52%, 539, 542, 55%, 581, 631, 649, 656, 685, 692, 698, 765, 769, 859, 897, 939, 954, 1028, 1156, 1258, 1259. Cx, Bouvanta, University of Tunis. 498. G. Buwentxs, University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia. 547. the late J. A. Boyer, University of Manchester. 300, 376, 498. (H. H. Brau). 331 Yu. Brecet, Hebcew University, Jerusalem. 274, 582. Manta L. Britt, Paris. 24. [C. Brocxeumann, Halle]. 584. K. L. Brown, University of Manchester. 761. J.T. P. DE Bruiyx, University of Leiden. 167, 176, 583, 835, 1027, 1105. (F. Boat, Copenhagen). 1256. R. Butter, Columbia University, New York. 1157. RM. Burkett, University of London. 576, 646. J. Burton-Pace, Church Knowle, Dorset. 233, 785, 859, 1258, Cu. CamBX, University of Paris, 22, 73, 104, 254, 272, 821, 865, 1029, 1150. J.Caumann,” Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris. 372, 665, 676. G. Camrs, University of Aix-en-Provence. 757. the late M. CaNaRD, University of Algiers. 106, 820. Menwen Cavugodiu, University of Istanbul. 116. Nuwav M. Cetin, University of Istanbul. 694. P. Cuateta, University of Madrid. 377, 782. D. Cusvancitr, University of Paris. 798. J. W. Cuwrox, Princeton University. 649, 97 D, Comes, University of Paris. 525. (G. S. Couax, Paris). 652, t203, 1207. RCoawevin, Académie’ des Sciences 4'Outre-Mer, Paris. 253, 279, 281, 287, 753 [A. Cour, Constantine). 49, 528. Paraicta Crone, Oxtord. 23. F. Dacnraott, University of Tunis. 1244. the late L.. Cu. Dawats, Paris. 228. A.-M, Detcamurs, Paris, 23, 25, 127, 639. the late G. DeverDvy, Paris. 655, A. Dias Fartnita, Institute of African and Oriental Languages, Lisbon, 367. A. Dierntcrt, University of Gattingen. 252, 787, 820, 1168, LE, Diez]. 296. F, Tu. DijkENA, Leiden. 225. Hiexem-Dyair, University of Tunis. 351 B. Dyuepjzv, University of Sarajevo, 32.vI AUTHORS E. van Donzat, Netherlands Institute for the Near East, Leiden. 809. A. J. Dazwes, University of Leiden. 763. W. Eaotetox, Department of State, Washington. 1214. R.M. Eatox, University of Arizona, Tucson. 550. R. ¥, Estep, University of Sydney. 369, 514. A. Etaven, University of Tunis. 916. N. Euissteve, University of Lyons. 125, 593, 898, 922, 927. the late L. P. Euwett-Surton, University of Edin- burgh. 201, $02, 657, 819, 839. J. van Ess, University of Tubingen. 385, 936. T. Faup, University of Strasbourg. ror, 235, 399, 693, 860. Ravan Fanwant, Kabul. 73. [H. G. Farmer], 937. Supalva Fanognt, Middle East Technical University, ‘Ankara. 1171. (G. Ferman, Paris}. 945. ©. V, Fixpiey, Ohio State University, Columbus. 1086. K. Fiscuer, University of Bonn. 549. H. J. Fisuer, University of London. 359, the late H. Fueisce, Université St-Joseph, Beirut. 643. BAxsara FLemminc, University of Leiden. 28, 194, 65%) 1206, A. D. W. Fornzs, University of London. 588, 771, 847, 849, 8$0, 852, 938, 1123. G.S. P, FrexMan-Grenvitte, Sheriff Hutton, Yorks. 105, 107, 223, 247, 278, 656, 1032, 1158. F, Gannteut, University of Rome. 710. J-C. Garci, University of Aix-en-Provence. 99, 515, 519. L, Gaxper, Paris. 238. H. Gaunt, University of Tubingen. ro, 593. E, Geitwee, University of London. 715. I. Géauts, University of Haifa, 127. the late S. D. Gorrers, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. 339. M. Tavvim GoxaILoM, University of Istanbul. 263, 269. L. Gouvin, University of Aix-en-Provence, 221. G. Goopwin, London, 256, 274, 366. ‘the inte H., L, GortscHatx, Salzburg. 953. A.G. Goutp, University of California, Los Angeles. 284. ©. Grawar, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 299, 344- R. Grauutcx, University of Freiburg-im-Breisgat 1029. W. J. Griswotp, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. 729. [A. Gromsann, Academy of Sciences, Vienna]. 715 3451 39%, 895- A. H. pr Groot, University of Leiden. 248, 250, 2853, 309, 678, 764. U. Bassaann, University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau. 50 55- Anput-Haot Hatnt, Meshed. 25, 62, 311, 1088, 1090. ‘A. Havj-Satan, University of Algiers. 806, 917. H. Hawn, University of Tubiogen. $27, the late L. Hamm, College de France, Paris, 39. A. Y.aL-Hassan, University of Aleppo. 973. J. A. Havwoon, Lewes, Sussex. 204, 962, 1107. G. Hazat, Academy of Sciences, Budapest. 126, 136, 373 [B. Hutier, Budapest]. 234, 714, 813, 833. ©, J. Heywoop, University of London. 40, 271, 313. D. R. Hit, Great Bookham, Surrey. 530, 862, 973- R. Hicewseanb, University of Edinburgh. 1154. M, Hinos, University of Cambridge. 1164. P.M, Hout, Dryden Spinney, Kirtlington. 70, 73, 595) 1253. [E. Howtomawn, Brussels). 369. (J. Hoxovire, Frankfort]. 275. (Ce, Huanr, Paris), 246, 247, 256, 509, 647. J.0, Hunwicx, Northwestern University, Evan- ston. 395, 1166. the late HR. Loris, University of Bordeaux. 6r. S, M. Imamupprm, University of Dacca. 785. C,H. Iusex, University of Manchester. 250, 507, 838. H. Inaucix, University of Chicago. 35, 566, 883. Su. IwavaTuLtas, University of the Panjab, Lahore. 44. Faure 12, Bogazigi University, Istanbul, 197, 264, 27%, 283y 359; 367, 710, 73%. P. Jackson, University of Keele. 546, 588, 590. K. Jaoutcne, Centre National de ‘la Recherche Scientifique, Paris. 527. M.A, JazaveRt, University of Texas, Austin. 1099. RC. Jenotvos, University of Ilinois, Urbana. 719, 173 A.H, Jouws, Australian National University, Can- berra, 205, 433, 526, J. Jouwver, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Btudes, Paris. 123. F, ox Jonc, University of Utrecht. 285, 546, 949. AppatLan S. Juma, Dhahran. 40. G. H. A. Juywnony, The Hague. $72. Gy. KAupy-Naoy, Budapest. 1024, J.B, Ketiy, London. 71, 184, 509, 538. H. Kexwepy, University of St, Andrews. 1239. D. K, Kenscawt, 384, M, Kies, Castricum, 788; 774, 776, 826+ D. A. Kine, University of Frankfort, 88. M. J. Kister, Hebrew University, Jerusalesa. 80, 318 J. Knarrert, University of London. 177, 206, 963. IT. Kowarsxt, Cracow]. 275. UU. H. Kwawers, Leiden). 147, 176, 281, 356, 538, 64%, 729 835, 1231. P, Kuntrzscu, University of Munich. 543, 1025. R. J. L rex Laaw, Amsterdam. 759. M. Laxnpar, Rabat. 53. Aww K, S, Lampton, Kirknewton, Northumberland. 44, 166, 171, 876. UH. Lasers, Beirut]. 632. J.M, Lanpau, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. 570, 1079, 1101, D. M. Lano, University of London. 724. the late H. Laousr, Collége de France, Paris. 10. J, Lassner, Wayne State University, Detroit. $66. J. D. Latuas, University of Edinburgh. 362. B. Lawrence, Duke University, Durham. 1210, 1230. 0. N, H. Leaman, Liverpool Polytechnic, 834. (G. Levi pewta Vipa, Rome}. 362, 520, 526, 763. [E. LévieProvencar, Paris]. 707, 632, 1008, 1203, 1209, 1240, 1246, N. Levrziow, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. 279. T. Lewicxs, University of Cracow. 654, 697, 698, 1022, 1165, 1183, 1230. D, P. Lirrus, MeGill’ University, Montreal, $72, D. M. MacEor, University of Cambridge, 502. D.N. MacKenzie, University of Gdttingen, 480. K. S, MeLacutay, University of London, 888. K. MePuerson, Western Australian Institute of Technology, Bentley. 648. W. Mapetuno, University of Oxford. 27, 65, 363, 434, 1033, 1238, Netherlands. 266, 535, 725,T. MAyDA, University of Warsaw. 753. G. Maxprst, University of Pennsylvania, Philadel- phia, 234, 388, 1134. L, Martinez Marrts, University of Barcelona, 951. R. Mauwy, University of Paris. 387, 651. M. Metwecke, University of Hamburg, 286. Irkwe Méurxorr, University of Strasbourg. 644. A. Meivixcen, Uppsala, x12, [Tw. Menzxt]. 210, 644. A. Mérap, University of Lyons. 597, 722. Ji. Mictox, Geneva. 18. M. Mines, University of California, Santa Barbara, 583. [V. Minors, London}. 289, 297, 464, 497, $54 604, 617, 646, 657, 714, 819, 826, 828, 829, 832, 1171. A. MonAstA, University of Toulouse, 707. (J. H. Morprwann, Bertin]. 534. B, 0, Moran, University of London. 300, 554, M. Monowy, University of California, Los Angeles. 185, 946, 1118, 1213, H, Morter, University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau. 379. R, Murputy, Columbia University, New York. 985. T. Nacet, University of Bonn. 176, 181, 500. E, Neuaaver, University of Frankfort. 937. R Nevwaxy, Department of State, Washington 1214. A.C, NieMEtjeR, Eindhoven. 7. H. T. Norris, Uriversity of London, 892. M, OcaRa Jimenez, University of Cordova, 220, 512, 994, 1008, 1010. R. S, O'FauEY, University of Bergen. 268. the late C, Oxnowtu, University of Istanbul. 45, 53, 103) 144. SOLANGE Ory, University of Aix-en-Provence. 218. the late R, Panet, Tibingen. 129. J. D. Pearson, Cambridge. 432. (J. Pepersex, Copenhagen]. 1134. Ci. Pettat, University of Paris. 3, 20, 43, 71, 118, 187, 297, 373, 375, 438, 505, $25, $28, 529, 342, $81, $86, 610, 640, 710, 1029, 1103, 1221, 1223. J. R, Perry, University of Chicago. 835, 2240. D. Prices, Brown University, Providence. 131. X. De PLawnot, University of Paris. 589, 647. (M. Pursswer, Jerusalem). 499, 55%. L, Poowawata, University of California, Los Angeles. 815. Hassaweix Rasie, University of Cairo. 864. Muxtpur Rau@ax, Oakland University, Rochester, MI. 345, 615, 1033, 1136. R. RasweD, Centre National de la Recherche Scienti- fique, Paris. 123, (W. H, Rassers). 310, 1155. H. A. Reep, University of Connecticut, Storrs. 678. B. Retwert, University of Zurich, 902, 1026. 1M. REKAYA, University of Toulouse. 70. G. Rewrt, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California, 63. R.C. Reve, University of Oxford. 35, 263. the tate J. Revouman, University of Warsaw. 767. M. E. J, RIcnaRnson, University of Manchester. 68. the latéS. A.A. Rizvi, Australian National University, Canberra, 644, 690, 1240. the late U. Rizerraxo, University of Palermo. 105, F.C. R, Rosixsow, Royal Holloway College, Egham. 781, 803, 1082. J.M. Rocens, British Museum, London. 298, 682. F. Rosentmat, Yale University, New Haven. 110, 122, $74, 616. G. Rotrer, University of Hamburg. 381. M. J. Rustera pe Eratza, University of Madrid. 1109. J.SADAN, University of Tel-Aviv. 509, 798, 1259. J. Saum, University of Rabat. 978. J. Sansé, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Tenerife. 47. ‘Mausup Sax, London. g2r. R. M. Savory, University of Toronto, 29, 63 66, 81, 103, 124, 245, 397, 437 (J. Scuacnr, New York]. 180, 732, 810. ©. ScHUMANN, University of Hamburg. 310, $40, 786, 1155. R. Seuuiter, University of Frankfort. 174, 175, 208, 71. (C. F. Seypoto, Tubingen}. 512, 994- UxsvLa Sezorx, Frankfort. 948. C. Suackx, University of London. 611. TRPAN SMAMtD, Georgetown University, Washington, 120, 632, 634, M. Suanox, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. 3, 803. S.J. Saw, University of California, Los Angeles, ste A, Suttoam, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. 234, 646. LH. Stooigut, Muslim University, Aligarh. 887. SUSAN A, SKILLITIR, University of Cambridge. 67. G. R. Suita, University of Dutham. 602, 895, 954, 12421245, P, Smoon, University of Amsterdam. 935, 1212. the late Hanna Sourwaroe, University of Hamburg. 682, 824. D. SouRvEL, University of Paris. 398. Jantwe Sovrvet-Tromane, University of Paris. 2:6. ‘he late O. Spies, Bonn. 1122. B. Sruten, University of Hamburg. 143. J. Stewart-Roninsox, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 958, 1028. N.A.STILMAN, State University of New York, Binghamton. 7, 236, 374 750, 813. ‘Yeoroa K. STLMAN; State University of New York, Binghamton. 744, 747, 750. (M. Strec, Jena]. 811, 946. [R. Srrorusanx, Hamburg). 1242, ‘Appus Susnax, Asiatic Society, Calcutta. 31, 635, 839. UH. Sure, Zurich). 566. the late F. Taxscunun, Minster. 173. M. Tatar, University of Tunis. 52, 518, 1161, 1247. ‘Atpa Trot, University of Tripoli, Libya. 896. G. Troureau, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris. 121, 242, 567, 955. A. L. Unovrret, Princeton University. 130. M. Utewann, University of Tubingen. 90, 107, 115, 567. the late G. Vaso, Paris. 833, P, J. Varixtonss, University of London. 4. P. Vénux, Institut National des Langues et Civilisa- tions Orientales, Paris. 945. J. Verwet, University of Barcelona, r1r0. Ch. Vias, University of Aix-en-Provence. 193, F. S. Vapat, University of Texas, Arlington. 436. Manta J. VIGUERA, University of Madrid. 393, 498. Fa, Viet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi- que, Paris. 9, 134, 391, 652, 1230. J.D. J. Waanpensurs, University of Utrecht. 366, 1094. J. R. Wats, University of Edinburgh. 5. W. Montcomery Warr, Dalkeith. rot, 116, 435, 445, 895, 998. B. M. Werscuen, University of Hamburg, 166, A.T. WetcH, Michigan State University, Lansing. 429, t102, C, Wewpsxt, University of California, Santa Bar- bara. 830. Eastvir LA. J. Wensinex, Leiden). 4, 22, 41,75, 83, 395, 396, 437, 698. G. E. Wuexter, Epsom, Surrey. 28. G. M. Wickens, University of Toronto. 956. (E. Wieoemann, Erlangen}, 357, 397,537, 548, 1169. {G. Wrer, Paris). 386. RB. Winper, New York University, New York. 1007. M. WivrEa, University of Tel-Aviv, 915, AUTHORS R, Wraaw, University of Oregon, Eugene. 2, 8, 55, 81, 264, 285, 498, 579, 618, 730. M. E. Yarr, University of London. 1080. M. J. L. Youne, University of Leeds. 514, 860, (G. Yvan, Algiers). 352, 532, $97, 1010, 1184, 1196. E. A. Zacuanianou, Montreal. 268. H. Zarnant, University of Paris. 207. A. H. Zanninxoow, University of Tehran. 605. UK. V. Zertenstten, Uppsala. 437.ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA VOLUME I P, 972, A-BALADHURI, add to Bibliography: Khalil Athamina, The sources of al-Baliidhwri’s Ansa alashraf, in JSAJ'y (1984), 237-62. VOLUME II P18, GAGHANIYAN, add fo Bibliography: C. E. Bosworth, The rulers of Chaghiniyan in early Islamic times, in Iran, Jnal. of the Brit. Inst. of Pers. Studies, xix (1983), 1-20. P.75%, DADALOGHLU, add to Bibliography: KD. Wannig, Der Dichter Karaca Offan, Studien tur tit schen Liebeslyrih, Freiburg i.Br. 1980. (Studien 2ur Sprache, Geseh. und Kultur d. Turkvolker, i). P. 571%, DJUDDA, see now G.R. Hawting, The origin of Jedda and the problem of al-ShuSayba, in Arabica XxxxXi (1984), 318-26, who finds no sound evidence that Diudda existed in pre-Islamic times or that the exact location of its predecessor as the port of Makka, alShufayba, can be pinpointed with any certainty. P. 585*, DJUGHRAFIYA, |. 5,, instead of 56/1166 read 561/116 P. 7219, EXISTENGE, 10 référence add and Awnyva. P, 840%, FATHPOR-SIKRI, add 40 Bibliography S. A. A. Rizvi and V. J. A. Flynn, Fathpur-Sikri, Bombay 1975. VOLUME 111 P, 227%, at-HARRA, add to Bibliography: M. J. Kister, The Battle of the Harra, Some socio-economic aspects, in Studies in memory of Gaston Wiet, ed. M. Rosen-Ayalon, Jerusalem 1977, 33-49. P, 679%, IBN ‘ABD au-ZABIR, ll, 19-14 from bottom, instead of the sentence beginning He composed the Renealogy of al-Hakim |. read He composed the genealogy of al-Hikim, which was confirmed by the hadi, and read it in the assembly of dignitaries; he also composed the ‘ahd of al-Nasir KalawOn gn], see Kalkashandi, Sub al-aShé, x, 116 ft. VOLUME 1V Pivt 1.24, instead of J. W. Aten . .. 1105 read (J. ALLAN, London], 1105 1. 29 from below, insiead of Princeton University read Hebrew University, Jerusalem P.xt, —snsiead of Taeschner ... Gotha 1926 read Taeschner, Wegenets = Franz Taeschner, Das anatotische Wegenetz nach osmanischen Quellen, 2 vols., Leipzig 1924-6. P. 118%, ISHBILIYA, add fo Bibliography: Cronica del Moro Rasis, ed. D. Catalin and Maria Soledad de Andrés, Madrid 1974, 91-6, 305°6; Ibn Hazmn, Djamharat alsansdb, Cairo 1962, index; Tbr al“ Khatib, Amal, index. P. 137%, AL-ISKANDARIYYA, add f0 Bibliography: Numerous pieces of information about the working of the port of Alexandria are given in the Minhady of al-MalsheGmi, in the parts translated and comment- ‘ed upon by Cl. Cahen, Douanes et commerce dans les ports méditerrandens de U'Egypte méditvale, in JESHO (1963), reproduced in idem, Makizimiyyat, Leiden 1978. Furthermore, the author called al-Nuwayri, Mubammad b. Kasim, author of the Zimdm al-a‘ldm, should be clearly distinguished from his homonym, the celebrated author of the Nikdya.The Iimdm, written in regard to the attack. ‘on Alexandria by Peter of Cyprus in 1367 and from which come the extracts studied in the articles ‘of Combes cited in the Bibl,, has now been edited by A.S. Atiya in 4 vols, in the Haydarabad Series, 2088-72. P. 322%, KA‘BA, add to Bibliography: G. R. Hawting, “We were not ordered with entering it but onty with circumambulating it." Hadith and figh on entering the Ka‘ba, in BSOAS xlvii (1984), 228-42, P. 471%, KALAM, add to Bibliography: C. E. Bosworth, A medieval Islamic prototype of the fountain-pem?, in JSS xxvi (1981), 229°34. P, 501%, At-KALL, |. 1, instead of 189 read 289 Il, to-t2, instead of from memory . .. into account read from memory in his new home, or he made critical observations ané commentaries, following the ‘Irak tradition which he knew, upon. 1. 25 from below, after 1392/1972 add (cf. MMA‘ xx/2 (1974), 49-130) P. 546%, KANNANDR, add fo Bibliography: G. Bouchon, Mamale de Cananor, un adversaire de U Inde portue aise (1507-1528), Hautes études islamiques et orientales d'histoire comparée 7, Paris 1975. P. 599%, KARADJA OGHLAN, add fo Bibliography: K.-D. Wannig, Der Dichter Karaca Oglan. Studien tur tirkischen Liebeslyrik, Freiburg i.Br. 1980. (Studien zur Sprache, Gesch. und Kultur d. Tirk+ valker, i). P. 733, KASRAWI TABRIZI, add to Bibliography: E. Jung, Ahmad Kasrawi. Ein Beitrag sur Ideen- ‘geschichte Persiens im 26. Jahrhundert, Diss. phil. Freiburg i.Br. 1976. P. 757%, KATIB, |. 24, instead of M. Kanter read M, Carter P. 772%, KATRAN, |. 35 from below, instead of xeBla, read xeBpla; instead of kaariya read kadrivs P. 814%, KAY KA’US b. ISKANDAR, last para and Bibl. Five completely independent Old Ottoman versions of the Kabis-ndma have in fact survived, the best known of which is that of Merdjiimek Abmed (9.0:]. The version at Kazan in 1882, 1889, ete. (and not in 1298/2880-1) is not by this last Ottoman author, but is a version in what is called by H. F. Hofman (Turkish literature, a bio- bibliographical survey, Section TIT, Part x v 6, p. 65) “Old Tatar", possibly via an Ottoman inter- mediary.