Design of simply supported composite beam

1. Loadings
At construction stage: DL/IL
At composite stage: DL/IL
Superimposed dead load is:
- Dead load when designing
- Imposed load when calculating deflection and stresses.

2. Material properties and dimensions

Concrete strength fcu (N/mm2) 40N/mm2
Steel strength py (N/mm2)
Stud diameter (mm), height (mm), as-welded height h (mm)
Metal deck Overall slab depth Ds (mm)
Depth of the deck profile Dp (mm)
Thickness of decking tp (mm)
Strength of decking fd (from 250N/mm2 500N/mm2)
Average trough width br(mm)
Spacing of each trough (mm)

3. Design load: in composite stage

w = 1.4DL + 1.6IL
Maximum shear force/moment
Place of high shear

4. Effective width of concrete flange

Secondary beams Slab/decking is perpendicular to the beam span
Be = min (L/4 < b0)
b0 = beam spacing
Primary beam Slab/decking is parallel to the beam span
Be = min (L/4 < 0.8b0)
b0 = beam spacing
Edge beam
Be = min (L/8 < 0.5b0)
b0 = beam spacing

5. Design for moment

Resistance of concrete flange Rc 0.45 f cu Be ( Ds D p )
Resistance of steel section Rs = Agpy
Axial capacity of one steel flange Rf = BTpy
Axial capacity of the web Rw = Rs 2Rf
Rv = Dtpy

Sizing of member: span/depth = 18 22, choose span/depth = 20

Calculate deflection of the beam first; make sure the size passes deflection check
Moment capacity of the beam assuming full composite
D Rs
Neutral axis lies in concrete flange Rs Rc M c Rs Ds Ds D p
2 2 Rc
Neutral axis lies in the steel flange Rw Rc Rs
D D s D p R s Rc 2 T
M c Rs Rc
2 2 Rf 4

Neutral axis lies in web of steel beam Rc < Rw, assuming that web is compact
(depth of web in compression / thickness t 38)
D D s D p d Rc 2
M c M s Rc
2 4 Rv
[Check if the web which is in compression is compact
Depth of web in compression = d/2 x 38t
= 275/py
x = (d/2)(Rc/Rv)
]

Check for shear

Fv < 0.5Pv Low shear
Fv > 0.5Pv High shear
(d/t 63 : no shear buckling)
If high shear coincides with maximum moment, moment should be reduced
2
2F
M cv M c M c M f v 1
Pv

6. Design for shear connection

Characteristic resistance Qk

Design capacity
Normal concrete Q = 0.8Qk
Lightweight concrete Q = 0.9 x 0.8Qk
 Reduction factor for deck shape
Decking perpendicular to beam
br h
1 shear connector per trough k 0.85 1 1.0
Dp Dp

b h
2 shear connector per trough k 0.6 r 1 0.8

Dp Dp
b h
3 shear connector per trough k 0.5 r 1 0.6

Dp Dp
Decking parallel to beam
br/Dp 1.5 k = 1.0
br h
br/Dp < 1.5 k 0.6 1 1.0
D p D p

Design capacity of one shear connector
Normal concrete R = Qk = 0.8Qkk
Lightweight concrete R = Qk = 0.9 x 0.8Qkk

Smaller of Rs and Rc = R
Number of shear connectors between the points of zero and maximum moment
ns = R/R
Rq = nsR: if Rq < R partial shear connection

For partial shear connection

Limit of degree of shear connections
Na actual shear connections provided
Np number of connections required for full shear connections
L 10m Na/Np 0.4
10 < L 16 Na/Np > (L 6)/10, 0.4
Reduction of moment capacity
Na
Simplified method M rc M s ( M c M s )
Np
Plastic theory
Neutral axis in steel web Rq < Rw
D Rq Ds D p Rq2 d
M c M s Rq Ds

2 Rc 2 Rv 4
Neutral axis in steel flange Rq Rw, assuming web is compact
Rq Ds D p R s Rq T
2
D
M c Rs Rq Ds

2 R c 2 Rf 4
Mi Ms
For beam subject to concentrated loads N i N p
Mc Ms
Ni = number of shear connectors between the intermediate load point and the adjacent support
Np = number of shear connectors provided
Mi = moment at the intermediate point i
Ms = moment capacity of the steel section
Mc = moment capacity of the composite section

7. Transverse reinforcement
Shear resistance per unit length of shear plane in a solid slab
v r 0.7 Asv f y 0.03Acv f cu V p 0.8Acv f cu V p
Asv = steel reinforcement area per unit length of the beam, crossing the shear plane
Acv = (Ds Dp + Dp/2) x (unit length)
= 1.0 for normal concrete
= 0.8 for lightweight concrete
Vp = tppy (tp: thickness of steel deck)

Shear to be resisted V = NQ/S vr

N = number of shear connectors in a group
S = longitudinal spacing of shear connectors
Q = 0.8Qk
For intermediate beam, 2 shear planes v = V/2
For edge beam, 1 shear plane v=V

8. Check for serviceability

Deflection < L/360
Deflection at construction stage: deflection of the steel beam due to dead load

Modular ratio e s l ( l s )
l = (DL + IL/3)/(DL + IL)

Check whether the section cracked or uncracked

( D s D p ) 2 Be
> A: section is cracked
( D 2 D p ) e
A: section is uncracked

Be Ds D p ABe Ds D p D Ds D p
3 2

Ig Ix
12 e 4 A e Be Ds D p
Use Ig to calculate deflection at composite stage due to imposed load

Propped construction: total deflection = deflection of composite stage

Unpropped construction: total deflection = deflection of construction stage + construction
stage

For partial connection, deflection at composite stage

Unpropped construction: c 0.3(1 N p / N f )( s c )
Propped construction: c 0.5(1 N p / N f )( s c )
c = deflection of full composite beam
s = deflection of steel beam acting alone = Igc/Ix
Ix = second moment of area of steel beam

Serviceability stresses
A e D 2 Ds Be Ds D p
2

Neutral axis depth: y g

2 A e Be Ds D p
Ig
Elastic section modulus at the lower fibre of the bottom steel flange Z s
D Ds y g
I g e
Elastic section modulus at the upper surface of the concrete slab Z s
yg
Propped construction
Construction stage: bs = 0 bc = 0
Composite stage: bs = M/Zs < y
bc = M/Zc < 0.5fcu

Unpropped construction
Construction stage: bs = M/Zs bc = 0
(Zs is modulus of steel beam only, due to dead load only)
Composite stage: bs = M/Zs < y
bc = M/Zc < 0.5fcu
Total stress: plus stress at 2 stages
Design for composite truss
Design load: w = 5 x (1.4 x 2.74 + 1.6 x 5.5) = 63.18kN/m
Shear force: F = 63.18 x 20/2 = 631.8kN
Moment: M = 63.18 x 202/8 = 3159kNm
Assume = 45o

T
C
Effective width of concrete flange
L/4 = 5000mm = b0 Be = 5000mm

Resistance of concrete flange

Rc 0.45 f cu Be ( Ds D p ) 0.45 40 5000 (120 60) 5400kN
Moment capacity of the composite truss, assuming full composite and neutral axis lies in
the concrete flange (Rs < Rc)
Compression force: C = 0.45fcuBex
Tension force of bottom chord: T = Rs = Agpy
x = Agpy/(0.45fcuBe) = Rs/Rc x (Ds Dp)
Moment: Mc = Rs(Ds + Dt x/2 D/2) = Rs(Ds + Dt Rs/Rc(Ds Dp) D/2)
Dt = 2000mm
Try section UC203 x 203 x 46 S275
D = 203.2mm
Rs = 1610kN < Rc
Mc = 3418.47kN > M OK

Design for slanted member

Compression force: C = F/sin45o = 893.5kN
Length: L = ?