COMPACT CPW- FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

M.NOORJAHAN1, A.YOGESHWARAN2, J.SOWMIYA3

Assistant Professor1&2, M.E. (Communication Systems) 3
K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy1
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Engineering College, Perambalur2&3, Tamilnadu, India
er.yogesh85@gmail.com2
ABSTRACT
To mitigate potential interferences with coexisting wireless systems operating over 5.155.35 GHz, or 5.7255.825 GHz bands, two novel
band-notched antennas suitable for WLAN applications are proposed. Each antenna comprises a half-circle shaped patch with an open
rectangular slot and a half-circle shaped ground plane. Good band performance is achieved by using high permittivity and low dielectric loss
substrate, and inserting quarter-wavelength horizontal stubs or alternatively embedding quarter-wavelength open-ended slots within the feed
line. The results of simulation dual band antennas in each desired notched band are over 15 dB and 10 dB, respectively. The radiation pattern
of the proposed dual band design is relatively stable across the operating frequency band.

Index Terms Dual band antenna, band characteristic, gain suppression, quarter-wavelength.

I.INTRODUCTION single band antennas have been reported in the

WLAN communication systems have attracted
considerable attention due to the advantages of high
speed data rate and extremely low spectral power
density, since the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) first approved the frequency
band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for commercial WLAN
applications in 2002. This has increased the
demands on the WLAN systems and subsequently
to stimulate the research activities in various
antenna designs. Challenges of the feasible dual
band antenna design include the wide impedance
matching, radiation stability, low profile, compact
size, and low cost for consumer electronics
applications. In the designated operating band,
several narrowband wireless standards have been
allocated to share some parts of this spectrum.
These include Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX) service (3.33.6
GHz) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
services IEEE802.11a (5.155.35 GHz and 5.725
5.825 GHz) [4], which might potentially interfere
with the systems. Hence, it is desirable for
antennas to perform the band function to mitigate
the unwanted interferences from these coexisting
wireless systems and remove the requirement of an
additional band-stop filter. In the literature, various
techniques have been applied in the UWB antenna
to achieve the single band function. The most
popular approaches to achieve band designs were
embedding half-wavelength slots with different
shapes, i.e., U-shaped, C-shaped,and arc-shaped,
quarter-wavelength open-ended slots on the
radiating patch or its ground plane, and utilizing
half-wavelength parasitic elements near the radiator
or feed line. Compared to the half-wavelength slots
or strips, the quarter-wavelength open-ended slots
require less space and are promising for designing
dual band-notched antennas as it is Though lots of
literature, most of the existing designs have limited
gain suppression in the notched band, i.e., < 10 dB,
or < 5 dB. Some designs with dual band-notched
property are achieved by utilizing a couple of half-
wavelength parasitic elements in an open
rectangular slot, embedding dual C-shaped slots on
the radiator or inserting dual quarter-wavelength
stubs. However, the above designs have limited
band-notched performance (VSWR < 10) at each
notched frequency or limited gain suppression (<10
dB) in the notched band. However, it had limited
band performance due to the dielectric loss of the
substrate. Another method was suggested in which
had introduced a substrate integrated waveguide
(SIW) cavity within the feed line of an monopole
antenna to obtain multiple band-notched functions.
However, it may lead to increasing the size and
complexity of the antenna. In this paper, four novel
coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antennas with
band-notched characteristics are presented. By
integrating the band-rejected elements with the
antenna, the proposed designs can reject the
frequency bands in 3.3-3.6 GHz, 5.15-5.35 GHz or
5.725-5.825 GHz without using an additional band-
stop filter. Good band performance with a high
level of signal rejection can be achieved by
inserting the quarter-wavelength band-rejected
elements within the signal line and adopting high
permittivity substrate. The whole process starts
from the design of the reference antenna (without
notched band) and then followed by investigating
the single wide/narrow band antenna. Next, the dual
band antenna is proposed based on the single
narrow band antenna. Finally, the dual band
antenna is devised based on the previous design
steps. The results of reflection coefficient, input
impedance, equivalent circuit models, radiation
patterns and gain response are illustrated and
discussed in detail.
II. SINGLE BAND ANTENNA DESIGN
In order to avoid interferences with the WLAN
band, two single band designs are presented and
analyzed in this section. A wide band covering both
the lower and upper WLAN bands is notched in one
design, whereas a narrow band function in the
upper WLAN band is obtained in the other antenna
design . CPW Antenna with dual Band Function.In
the following discussion, an antenna with the
desired dual band properties is used as a reference
antenna. This is identical to except that it does not
include the two horizontal strips at the center, in
which, the xz- and yz- planes referred to E- and H-
planes of this antenna. The complex impedance of
the reference antenna is denoted Za throughout. It is
printed on a 0.635-mm thick Rogers 6010 substrate
with the dielectric constant r = 10.2. This antenna
is symmetric about its center line, and consists of
circle shaped radiator with an open rectangular slot
and a half-circle shaped ground plane. The
monopole is fed using a CPW transmission line.
Fig 1: Schematic diagram of Antenna
TABLE I
DIMENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA (units: mm)
Parameters Dimensions(mm)
L 28.5
W 28
S 1.93
R 6
L1 14.6
L2 0.3
W1 6.2
G 0.4
Since the band can cover 5-6 GHz when w1 is
equal to 0.3 mm, the width of the horizontal stub is
selected to be 0.3 mm. The variation of the
permittivity of the substrate against the reflection
coefficient is also studied. In this analysis, four
standard commercial materials including Rogers RT
6010. Notably, the antenna geometry parameters
were re-optimized for each given substrate in to
achieve the maintaining a sufficient wide
bandwidth. As can be observed, applying the
material with a high permittivity can achieve good
band-notched performance with VSWR better than
91 at the notched frequency. It is also found that
with FR4 material, the antenna has lower signal
rejection level than that using Duroid 5880, even
though FR4 has a higher permittivity. This is caused
by the high dielectric loss of FR4. Furthermore, one
prototype of Antenna I_W using RT 6010 is
fabricated, measured and compared. Both results
confirm that, a wide notched band in 4.6-6.4 GHz
for |S11| > -5 dB is obtained and the result with |
S11| < -10 dB is achieved at other passband
frequencies. It should be noted that with this design,
there is no need to re-optimize other geometry
parameters after the strips are connected to the
signal line of the reference antenna. The simulated
and measured impedance curves of Antenna I_W
and reference antenna are plotted in further explain
the operating principle of the band-rejected
element. Compared to the reference antenna, two
resonances are introduced after adding the
horizontal strips to the reference UWB antenna. At
5.5 GHz, the imaginary component curve of the
band-notched antenna exhibits a series resonance
characteristic and the real component is close to
zero. However, the parallel resonance at 6GHz has
minor effect on the impedance matching
performance (better than -10 dB) as the real part of
the impedance is higher than corresponding value principle of the vertical stub is similar to that of the
of the reference antenna. horizontal stub in Antenna at frequency.
The proposed equivalent circuit model is
validated by using the following steps. After that,
the equivalent circuit is built, tuned and optimized
in HFSS software package. The simulated and
measured peak gain for the band antenna and
reference antenna is illustrated. The measurement
was carried out in a fully calibrated anechoic
chamber with the loss being taken into
consideration. The connecting cable attached to the
antenna was covered by electromagnetic wave
absorber to minimize the potential interferences. As
observed, the signal attenuation is better than 15 dB
Fig 2: Simulated return loss S11 of
at the frequency. Moreover, the variation of the gain
antenna
is less than 5 dB over the entire operating band,
indicating nearly omni-directional radiation which
The lower and upper WLAN bands are rejected
is required for wireless applications. By embedding
by the vertical stubs and open-ended slots rating
two quarter-wavelength open-ended slots with
frequency of Antenna is ranging from 2.8 to 11
length l2 and width g2 in the feed line, an additional
GHz with the frequency bands in 55.35 GHz and
resonance can be introduced to the antenna
5.7 6.1 GHz for |S11| -5 dB are notched. The
response, which causes the antenna to be
highest |S11| for the lower and upper bands are
nonresponsive at the desired rejected frequency.
-0.62 dB and -0.7 dB which are equivalent to 28.03
The optimized values of the slot and stub assuming
and 24.83 of VSWR respectively. It can be regarded
f = 5.8 GHz are as follows: l2 = 5.3 mm, w2 = 0.6
as the combination of Antenna and the vertical
mm, and g2 = 0.4 mm. The simulated and measured
strips. The calculated and simulated impedance
reflection coefficients for the band design and
curves. An acceptable agreement can be observed.
reference Dual band antenna are compared.For the
CPW Antenna with dual Band-Notched Function.
reference antenna, the impedance bandwidth
In addition to the WLAN systems operating in
defined by |S11| -10 dB is ranging from 2.86 to 11
5.155.35 GHz and 5.7255.825 GHz, the WiMAX
GHz. Compared to the reference antenna, the
band (3.33.6 GHz) may also cause potential
notched design resonant circuit is connected.
interference within the dual band. Hence, a triple
Hence, the radiation cant be generated by the
band-notched design is required to settle this
antenna at this frequency. The calculated impedance
problem. Based on the design of the dual band-
has the same trend as the simulated one, though the
notched design , another band can be obtained by
real part at the notched frequency is slightly lower.
adding a pair of horizontal stubs. This is similar in
The simulated and measured peak gain of the band
which the straight stubs are horizontally connected
antenna and reference antenna. A significant gain
to the signal line.The geometry of Antenna. Thus,
suppression of around 15 dB .
the desired bands in 3.33.6 GHz, 5.155.35 GHz,
III. RESULT ANALYSIS and 5.7255.825 GHz can be realized by employing
By combining the design concepts of the two the horizontal stubs The optimized values of its
single band antennas, this section will further dimensions are as follows: l1= 12.5mm, and w1 =
extend and investigate these approaches to the dual 0.3 mm. The fabricated prototype of the antenna is
band designs. A Antenna with Dual Band Function depicted.
can perform the wide band function covering both
the lower and upper WLAN bands. The operating
 clover when operating at the higher-order mode
(9GHz). The co-polarization at the frequencies is
much lower than that of the operating frequencies.
Compared to the reference antenna, the dual band
antenna performs significant gain suppression
within the bands while the inclusion of the band-
rejected elements causes little impact on the gain
response at other frequencies outside the notched
band.
Fig 3: Simulated VSWR of
antenna

The simulated and measured reflection

coefficients for Antenna and the reference antenna
are demonstrated. The measured result suggests
that, the frequency band of Antenn is ranging from
3 to over 11 GHz and three frequency bands in
3.153.62 GHz, 5.15.38 GHz, and 5.726.12 GHz
for |S11| -5 dB are notched within the band. The
corresponding highest |S11| at these bands are -0.24
dB, -0.86 dB and -0.79 dB. The measured co-
polarized radiation patterns in the E and H-planes at Fig 5: 3D Radiation pattern of
different frequencies are illustrated. As observed, Antenna
the radiation pattern is bidirectional in the E-plane
and omnidirectional in the H-plane at 3 GHz. It can
be regarded as a monopole which features a
doughnut-shaped pattern at the fundamental mode.

Fig 6: 2D Gain of Antenna

Fig 4: 2D Radiation pattern of The gain reduction in the bands is ranging from 1
Antenna dB to over 5 dB.

As the operating frequency increases, the

radiation pattern in the H-plane is quasi-
omnidirectional and remains bidirectional in the E-
plane at 6 GHz. It is also noticed that the pattern in
the H-plane is similar to the shape of a four-leaved

Fig 6: 3D Gain of Antenna
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, dual band-notched CPW antennas
Thus the antennas can avoid the interferences from
WLAN (5.155.35 GHz and 5.7255.825 GHz)
systems and remove the requirement on additional
band-stop filters. The band characteristics are
obtained by introducing the quarter-wavelength
band-rejected elements in the planar antenna. It is
found that, good band-notched performance can be
realized by integrating the band-rejected elements
in the signal line and adopting high permittivity
substrate. The proposed dual band-notched designs
can achieve a wide or narrow notched band and a
high level of signal rejection. Moreover, the
equivalent circuits of the proposed antennas were
also studied and validated.
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