Under consideration for publication in J. Fluid Mech.

Compressible and finite wing aerodynamics

Naman Bhatt1 ,
1

(Received xx; revised xx; accepted xx)

This section deals with several aspects of wing theory, that we have learned under
compressible finite wing aerodynamics .

1. Delta Wing
A delta wing is a wing whose shape when viewed from above looks like a triangle, often
with its tip cut off. It sweeps sharply back from the fuselage with the angle between the
leading edge (the front) of the wing often as high as 60 degrees and the angle between
the fuselage and the trailing edge of the wing at around 90 degrees. Often delta-wing
airplanes lack horizontal stabilizers.
In mathematical terms, the local induced change of angle of attack i on a given
section can be quantified with the integral sum of the downwash induced by every other
wing section. In turn, the integral sum of the lift on each downwashed wing section is
equal to the (known) total desired amount of lift.

2. Downwash
In aeronautics downwash is the change in direction of air deflected by the aerodynamic
action of an airfoil, wing or helicopter rotor blade in motion, as part of the process of
producing lift.
Lift on airfoil is an example of application of Newtons third law of motion - the force
required to create the downwash is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the
lift force on the airfoil. Lift on an airfoil is also an example of the Kutta-Joukowski
theorem - the Kutta condition explains the existence of downwash at the trailing edge of
the wing.

3. KuttaJoukowski theorem
The KuttaJoukowski theorem is a fundamental theorem of aerodynamics used for the
calculation of the lift of an airfoil and any two-dimensional bodies including circular
cylinders translating in a uniform fluid at a constant speed large enough so that the
flow seen in the body-fixed frame is steady and unseparated. The theorem relates the
lift generated by an airfoil to the speed of the airfoil through the fluid, the density of
the fluid and the circulation around the airfoil. The circulation is defined as the line
integral around a closed loop enclosing the airfoil of the component of the velocity of
the fluid tangent to the loop.KuttaJoukowski theorem relates lift to circulation much
like the Magnus effect relates side force (called Magnus force) to rotation. However, the
circulation here is not induced by rotation of the airfoil.

L0 = V , (3.1)
Email address for correspondence: naman101141@gmail.com
2 Naman Bhatt

x/c rpm = 300 rpm = 350 Static Pressure Difference p

0.1 x1 y1 a
02 x2 y2 a
0.3 x3 y3 a
0.4 x4 y4 a
0.5 x5 y5 a
0.75 x6 y6 a
.0.9 x7 y7 a
Table 1. Values of h and corresponding pressure difference (p)

3.1. Tables
The table shows the pressure distribution of a wind tunnel simulation in mm of water
column. PS: The values have been left variables due to non availability of numerical data
to numerically analyse.

4. Citations and references

\citet[pp. 2-4]{https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19680022518
?, pp. 2-4
\citep[p. 6]{http://journals.cambridge.org/data/relatedlink/jfm-instructions.pdf?}:
(??, p. 6)
\citep[see][]{http://heli-air.net/2016/02/27/the-vortex-lift-polhamus-theory/}:
(see ??)

4.1. Acknowledgement
I would like to thank our Professor.Tushar Siag for providing continuos motivation
and guidance throughout the project and the study of compressible fluid aerodynamics.
I am also thankful to the college library from where I was able to collect most of the
data required for completing this.
I also am thankful to my batchmates who were of constant help throughout the project..
 Compressible and finite wing aerodynamics 3
Appendix A
This appendix contains derivation of KuttaJoukowski theorem
= V c (V + v)c = vc. (A 1)

The difference in pressure between the two sides of the airfoil can be found by applying
Bernoullis equation:

(V )2 + (P + P ) = (V + v)2 + P, (A 2)
2 2

(V )2 + P = (V 2 + 2V v + v 2 ), (A 3)
2 2

so the lift force per unit span is:

L0 = cP = V vc = V . (A 4)