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Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic

messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or
more users of mobile phones, tablets, desktops/laptops, or other devices. Text
messages may be sent over a cellular network, or may also be sent via an Internet
connection.

The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service
(SMS). It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages (known
as MMS) containing digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms
known as emoji (happy faces ,sad faces ,and other icons).

As of 2017, text messages are used by youth and adults for personal, family and
social purposes and in business. Governmental and non-governmental organizations
use text messaging for communication between colleagues. As with emailing, in the
2010s, the sending of short informal messages has become an accepted part of many
cultures.[1] This makes texting a quick and easy way to communicate with friends
and colleagues, including in contexts where a call would be impolite or
inappropriate (e.g., calling very late at night or when one knows the other person
is busy with family or work activities). Like e-mail and voice mail, and unlike
calls (in which the caller hopes to speak directly with the recipient), texting
does not require the caller and recipient to both be free at the same moment; this
permits communication even between busy individuals. Text messages can also be used
to interact with automated systems, for example, to order products or services from
e-commerce websites, or to participate in online contests. Advertisers and service
providers use direct text marketing to send messages to mobile users about
promotions, payment due dates, and other notifications instead of using postal
mail, email, or voicemail.

Contents [hide]
1 Terminology
2 History
3 Uses
4 Applications
4.1 Microblogging
4.2 Emergency services
4.3 Reminders of hospital appointments
4.4 Commercial uses
4.4.1 Short codes
4.4.2 Text messaging gateway providers
4.4.3 Premium content
4.5 In workplaces
4.6 Online SMS Services
4.7 Worldwide use
4.7.1 Europe
4.7.1.1 Finland
4.7.2 United States
4.7.3 Japan
4.7.4 China
4.7.5 Philippines
4.7.6 New Zealand
4.7.7 Africa
5 Social effects
5.1 Effect on language
5.2 Texting while driving
5.3 Texting while walking
5.4 Sexting
5.5 In schools
5.5.1 Bullying
5.5.2 Influence on perceptions of the student
5.6 Law and crime
5.7 Social unrest
5.8 In politics
5.9 Use in healthcare
5.10 Medical concerns
5.11 Etiquette
6 Challenges
6.1 Spam
6.2 Pricing concerns
6.3 Increasing competition
6.4 Security concerns
7 In popular culture
7.1 Records and competition
7.2 Morse code
8 Tattle texting
8.1 Arena security
8.2 Smart cars
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
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