RF Joints Manual en

Version
December 2014
Add-on Module
RF-JOINTS
Design of Connections in Steel and
Timber Structures
Program Description
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Contents
Contents
Contents Page
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 RF-JOINTS Add-on Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Using the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Opening RF-JOINTS Add-on Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. General Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 General Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Nodes and Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Loads and Internal Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.1 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.2 Internal Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4 National Annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3. Steel - Column Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1 General Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2 Nodes and Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.4 Footing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5 Base Plate and Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.6 Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.7 Shear Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.8 Stiffeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4. Steel - Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1 General Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2 Nodes and Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.4 Geometry 1 / Geometry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.5 Geometry, Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.6 Diagonal 1,1 connection / Diagonal 1,2 connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.7 Definition of Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5. Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.2 Designs - Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6.3 Design by Load Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.4 Design by Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.5 Design - Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.6 Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
7. Results Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.1 Graphic of Connection in RF-JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.2 Graphic of Connection in RFEM Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8. Printout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.1 Printout Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.2 Graphic Printout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.2.1 RF-JOINTS Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.2.2 RFEM Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9. General Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1
Contents
9.1 Design Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

9.2 Units and Decimal Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
9.3 Data Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10.1 Steel - Column Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10.1.1 System and Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10.1.2 Entry in RF-JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
10.1.2.1 General Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
10.1.2.2 Nodes and Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
10.1.2.3 Internal forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10.1.2.4 Footing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10.1.2.5 Base Plate and Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10.1.2.6 Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10.1.2.7 Shear Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10.1.3 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10.1.4 Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10.1.4.1 Part of Joint in Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10.1.4.2 Shear Resistance of Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10.1.4.3 Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
A. Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
B. Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
2
1 Introduction 1
1 Introduction
1.1 RF-JOINTS Add-on Module
With the introduction of Eurocodes, the design of joints becomes more and more important.
The European standard EN 1993-1-8 [1] describes the designs of steel connections. The design
of timber connections is specified in EN 1995-1-1 [2]. The RF-JOINTS add-on module combines
connection modules developed in the previous RFEM program versions in a single user interface.
Furthermore, the scope of functions for the joint design has been extended and adapted to comply
with the current requirements.
At present, RF-JOINTS covers steel categories Column Base, Tower and DSTV as well as a timber
category Steel to timber connections.
RF-JOINTS Steel - Column Base designs footings of hinged and restrained steel columns.
The Hinged Column Footing category includes the following base plate joint types:
Simple column base
Tapered column base
Column base plate for rectangular hollow sections
Column base plate for circular hollow sections
The Restrained Column Footing category includes the following layouts of I-sections:
Simple column base
Base plate with stiffeners in center of flanges
Base plate with stiffeners on both sides of column
Base plate with channel sections
Bucket footing
RF-JOINTS Steel - Tower designs nominally pinned joints with bolt connections of members used
in lattice towers for the following cases:
Connection of diagonals without gusset plate 2D
Connection of diagonals without gusset plate 3D
Column joint with splices
The results including dimensions are shown in tables and graphics. Using the design cases, you
can analyze different design variants.
Since the RF-JOINTS add-on module is integrated in the graphical user interface of the main
program RFEM, all input data of the model as well as the internal forces are already available for
design. Some modules allow you to consider also connection stiffnesses and eccentricities when
determining internal forces. You can visualize the results in the RFEM work window and include
them in the global printout report.
We wish you enjoyment and success with RF-JOINTS.

Your DLUBAL Team
3
1 Introduction 1
1.2 Using the Manual
Topics like installation, graphical user interface, results evaluation, and printout are described
in detail in the manual of the main program RFEM. The present manual focuses on typical features
of the RF-JOINTS add-on module.
The descriptions in this manual follow the sequence and structure of the module's input and result
windows. Chapter 2 describes the input parameters that apply to all steel and timber connections.
The following chapters describe specific input parameters of the individual connections modules.
The final chapter includes design examples.
In the text, the described buttons are given in square brackets, for example [New] At the same
time, they are pictured on the left. Expressions appearing in dialog boxes, windows, and menus
are set in italics to clarify the explanation.
At the end of the manual, you find the index. However, if you still cannot find what you are looking
for, please use the search function on our blog website www.dlubal.com/blog/en where you can
find a solution in the posts about our add-on modules for joint design.
4
1 Introduction 1
1.3 Opening RF-JOINTS Add-on Module
RFEM provides the following options to open the RF-JOINTS add-on module.
Menu
To open the program from the RFEM menu bar, click
Add-on Modules Connections RF-JOINTS.
Figure 1.1: Menu: Add-on Modules Connections RF-JOINTS.
Navigator
As an alternative, you can open the add-on module in the Data navigator by clicking
Add-on Modules RF-JOINTS.
Figure 1.2: Data navigator: Add-on Modules RF-JOINTS.
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2 General Input Data 2
2 General Input Data
This chapter describes the input parameters that apply to all categories of steel and timber con-
nections. The following chapters describe specific input parameters of the individual connection
modules.
When you open the RF-JOINTS add-on module, a new window appears. In this window, a navigator
is displayed on the left. The upper part of the navigator lists design cases (see Chapter 9.1, page 56)
with selected nodes, the lower part covers windows of a specific module.
The input data is defined in several module windows. When you open RF-JOINTS for the first time,
the following parameters are imported automatically:
Load cases, load combinations, result combinations, and dynamic envelopes
Materials
Cross-Sections
Internal forces (in background, if calculated)
To select a window, click the corresponding entry in the navigator. To set the previous or next
window, use the buttons shown on the left. For scrolling in windows, you can also use the function
keys to select the next [F2] or previous [F3] window.
Click [OK] to save the results. Thus, you exit RF-JOINTS and return to the main program. To close
the add-on module without saving the data, click [Cancel].
2.1 General Data

In the 1.1 General Data window, you can define the basic settings necessary for joint design. Use the
filter functions to select a specific type of connection.
Figure 2.1: Window 1.1 General Data
6
Material
Figure 2.2: Filter for steel and timber connections
In the Material section, you can define whether a steel or a timber connection is to be designed.
This setting specifies the selection options available in the other window sections.
Joint Group
Figure 2.3: Filter for joint groups of steel material
Figure 2.4: Filter for joint groups of timber material
This window section specifies the connection type. You can select the relevant joint group by
using the drop-down list or by clicking the buttons with the joint icons.
Joint Category
Figure 2.5: Filter for joint categories of column footings
Figure 2.6: Filter for joint categories of steel to timber connection
Use the drop-down list or the buttons to select the relevant joint category.
Joint Type
Figure 2.7: Filter for joint types of hinged column footings
7
Figure 2.8: Filter for joint types of dowels
In this window section, you can specify the exact type of the joint. Also here, you can select the
type using the drop-down list or the joint icon buttons.
According to Standard / National Annex
Figure 2.9: Standard and National Annex
Steel connections are designed automatically according to EN 1993-1-8 [1], timber connections
according to EN 1995-1-1 [2]. In the drop-down list to the right of the standard, you can select
the National Annex and thus apply these parameters to designs.
Use the [Edit] button to open a dialog box where you can check the parameters of the selected
National Annex. This dialog box is described in Chapter 2.4 on page 15.
Comment
In this text box, you can enter user-defined notes, for example to describe the current joint.
8
2.2 Nodes and Members
In the second window, you can select nodes to be analyzed. In addition, you can define the para-
meters of the members connected to the nodes.
Figure 2.10: Window 1.2 Nodes and Members
Definition Type
You can select nodes using the Import from structure model option. Thus, the geometric parameters
such as a number and parameters of the connected members are imported automatically from
RFEM. As an alternative, the joint can be Set manually.
Joint on Nodes No.

In this text box, you can directly enter the numbers of the nodes to be analyzed. Use the [Select]
button to determine the nodes graphically in the RFEM work window.
Multiple selection of nodes is useful only if they have identical input parameters. If there are
different design conditions, it is not possible to combine the nodes in this window. In such a case,
you have to create a new design case: Click File New Case in the menu or use the buttons
and below the Parameters section (see next).
If you select Set manually, the data import from RFEM is blocked. The note User-defined appears in
the corresponding text box. Then, you can enter the Parameters regardless of the model.
Figure 2.11: Setting a joint manually
9
Parameters
In this window section, you can define the properties of the components connected to the nodes
specified above.
Figure 2.12: Parameters section with the [Select inactive members] button
Construction Status
In this column, you can set the status of members for design. The selection options depend on
the joint group and the joint category selected in Window 1.1.
Cross-Section Description
For the nodes imported from RFEM, the member cross-sections are preset.
To change the cross-section, click the entry to activate the text box. To open the cross-section
library, use the button in the text box (see Figure 2.10) or press [F7].
Figure 2.13: Cross-section library
Chapter 4.13 of the RFEM manual describes how to select cross-sections from the library.
A modified cross-section is highlighted in blue.
10
Material Description
When importing a node from RFEM, the cross-section materials are preset as well.
To change the material, click the entry to activate the text box. To open the cross-section library,
use the button in the text box (see Figure 2.10) or press [F7].
Figure 2.14: Material library
Chapter 4.3 of the RFEM manual describes how to select materials from the library.
The buttons in the Parameters section have the following functions:
Button Function
Reset default values of the joint
Delete node selected in the table above
Transfer the selected node to a new design case
Transfer all unsuitable nodes to a new design case
Set connection type for all nodes of the design case
Show or hide inactive members in the table
Jump to the RFEM work window to change the view
Table 2.1: Buttons in the Parameters section
The buttons and have an important function: If you want to design several nodes with
different boundary conditions, such as a number of connected members or member cross-sections,
11
these buttons allow for manual or automatic assignment to new design cases. You can define
the parameters for each node in different design cases. Alternatively, you can also click File
New Case in the menu.
The design cases including data related to a node are displayed at the top of the navigator.
The 1.2 Nodes and Members window always displays the parameters of the nodes selected in
the navigator list. To switch the design case, simply click the relevant entry in the list.
Graphic Window
The graphic window presents a scheme of the connections to be designed. It shows a dynamic
partial view of the model. The node selected in the Parameters section is indicated by an arrow.
The connected members are highlighted.
Figure 2.15: Graphic with selection arrow
You can control the graphic by the same mouse functions as in RFEM in order to zoom, shift or
rotate the view.
The buttons next to the graphic have the following functions:
Button Function
Show view in the direction of the X-axis
Show view in the opposite direction of the X-axis
Show view in the direction of the Y-axis
Show view in the direction of the Z-axis
Display the isometric view
Reset full view of the graphic
Table 2.2: Buttons in graphic window
12
2.3 Loads and Internal Forces
The structure of Window 1.3 depends on the Definition Type that you have selected in the previous
Window 1.2 (see Figure 2.10, page 9).
The data entered in this window always refers to the design case selected in the navigator
on the top left. To switch the design case, simply click the relevant entry in the list.
2.3.1 Loads
If you select the Import from structure model definition type in Window 1.2, you have to define
the load cases or load combinations including internal forces to be applied for the design in
the 1.3 Loads window.
Figure 2.16: Window 1.3 Loads
Existing Load Cases and Combinations

This section lists all load cases as well as load and result combinations created in RFEM.
RF-JOINTS can also design RF-DYNAM cases.
Use the button to transfer the selected entries to the Selected for Design list on the right. Alter-
natively, you can double-click the entries. To transfer the entire list to the right, use the button.
To transfer multiple entries of load cases, click the entries while pressing the [Ctrl] key, as common
for Windows applications. Thus, you can transfer several load cases at the same time.
Load cases marked in red, like LC 5 or LC 6 in Figure 2.16, cannot be designed: This happens when
the load cases are defined without any load data or contain only imperfections. When transferring
such a load case, a corresponding warning appears.
13
At the end of the list, several filter options are available. They will help you to assign the en-
tries sorted by load case, load combination, or action category. The buttons have the following
functions:
Select all cases in the list

Invert selection of load cases
Table 2.3: Buttons in the Existing Load Cases and Combinations section
Selected for Design

The column on the right lists the load cases as well as the load and result combinations selected
for design. Use the button or double-click the entries to remove selected items from the list.
Use the button to transfer the entire list to the left.
For a multiple selection, press [Ctrl] and click the corresponding entries.
2.3.2 Internal Forces

If you select the Set manually definition type in Window 1.2 (see Chapter 2.2, page 9), you have to
enter the internal forces to be applied for the design in the 1.3 Internal Forces window.
Figure 2.17: Window 1.3 Internal Forces
LC
The internal forces are managed in a single load case. When you open the window for the first
time, LC 1 is preset.
Use the button to create a new load case. The load cases allow you to specify different
combinations of internal forces for the design.
Member
In this column, you can enter a member number in order to facilitate the assignment of internal
forces.
14
Force / Symbol
Both columns display the types of internal forces applied.
Value / Unit
In this column, you can enter values of the internal forces.
To adjust the units and decimal places of the internal forces, use the menu and click Settings
Units and Decimal Places (see Chapter 9.2, page 58).
The buttons below the table have the following functions:
Create a new load case for additional internal forces

Delete the load case selected above
Table 2.4: Buttons in window 1.3 Internal Forces
2.4 National Annex

In the upper-right part of the 1.1 General Data window, you can select the National Annex, the pa-
rameters of which should be applied for design (see Figure 2.9 on page 8). Click [Edit] to check
the parameters. The content of the dialog box depends on the material selected (steel or timber
connections).
Steel Joints
Figure 2.18: National Annex Settings - EN 1993-1-8/NA:2010-12 dialog box
15
Timber Joints
Figure 2.19: National Annex Settings - EN 1995-1-1:2004/A1:2008 dialog box
These dialog boxes display various factors of the National Annex, for example the material factor,
modification factor, and shear factor. Generally, you cannot change the values as they are codified
in the National Annexes.
Click [New] to create a user-defined National Annex, where you can freely define the factors.
Furthermore, the [Nat. Annex] button is available in all input windows. You can use this button to
open the National Annex Settings dialog box as well.
The buttons in the National Annex Settings dialog box have the following functions:
Button Function
Reset original settings of the program
Import user-defined default settings
Save modified settings as default
Delete user-defined National Annex
Table 2.5: Buttons in the National Annex Settings dialog box
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3 Steel - Column Base 3
3 Steel - Column Base
This chapter describes the individual windows of the RF-JOINTS Steel - Column Base module.
The general input parameters are described in Chapter 2.
The input windows of the add-on module appear as soon as you select the Steel material and
the Column Base joint group.
Figure 3.1: RF-JOINTS Steel - Column Base add-on module
The input data always refers to the design case set in the navigator on the top left. To switch
the design case, simply click the relevant entry in the list.
If the entries Footing, Base Plate, Anchors etc. are missing in the navigator, go to the 1.2 Nodes
and Members window and check if the boundary conditions required for the input of the column
footing are correct. For example, it may be necessary to deactivate the connected members (see
Figure 3.8, page 22).
The input windows of the RF-JOINTS Steel - Column Base module consist of two parts: On the left,
you find the input parameters of the footing component that are illustrated in graphics on the right
(see Figure 3.9, page 23). The upper graphic shows a system sketch of the current parameter,
the lower graphic shows a 3D visualization of the column footing model.
Figure 3.2: 3D visualization of column footing
The buttons below the 3D graphic are described in the following table.
17
Button Function
Display or hide dimensions
Display dimension values or symbols
Display or hide the irrelevant parts of the window
Print the current 3D graphic
Table 3.1: Buttons of 3D graphic
3.1 General Data
18
Joint Category
Figure 3.4: Joint category
It is necessary to specify whether you want to design a Hinged or Restrained column footing.
You can use the drop-down list or the buttons with the joint icons to select the category.
Joint Type
The selection options depend on the joint category.
Figure 3.5: Joint Type section of the Hinged Column Footing category
The Hinged Column Footing category covers the following layouts:
Column base plate without stiffening
Tapered column base
Column base plate for rectangular hollow sections
Column base plate for circular hollow sections
Table 3.2: Joint types of hinged column footings
19
Figure 3.6: Joint Type section of the Restrained Column Footing category
The Restrained Column Footing category covers the following layouts for I-sections:
Base plate without stiffening
Base plate with stiffeners in center of flanges
Base plate with stiffeners on both sides of column
Base plate with channel sections on both sides of column

and web members
Bucket footing
Table 3.3: Joint types of restrained column footings
20
Additional Settings
Figure 3.7: Additional Settings section
If you select the Use the column material for other joint components check box, the material of
the column cross-section is automatically used for the base plate, anchors and shear keys. In this
case, you cannot define the materials separately.
A plastic Force distribution in joint applies. Cast-in anchors are preset as the Anchorage type .
The connection between the steel base plate and the foundation can be made of a Grout layer or
an Anchoring template set in concrete.
By selecting the Simplified Results check box, you can reduce the output data: The program cal-
culates all nodes and load cases that are available for design. Then, RF-JOINTS filters the results
and displays the governing results in the 3.1 Design - Summary window (see Figure 3.3, page 43).
Windows 3.2 to 3.4 with the individual designs of each node and load case are not displayed in
this case. Since these results are not processed, the calculation is considerably faster.
21
The selection of nodes and members is described in Chapter 2.2 on page 9.
In the Parameters section, you can check the boundary conditions of the connected components.
If there is an Invalid cross-section, you should adjust the cross-section to the joint type set in
Window 1.1.
If several members such as diagonals are connected to one column base node, you can set the sta-
tus of irrelevant members to Inactive.
Figure 3.8: Setting the Inactive status of the diagonal member
3.3 Loads
The entry of loads or internal forces is described in Chapter 2.3 on page 13.
22
3.4 Footing
In the 1.4 Footing window, you can specify the foundation parameters and define the position of
the base plate.
Figure 3.9: Window 1.4 Footing
Footing
In this window section, you can define the material and dimensions of the foundation. Use the but-
ton to open the material library, where you can find the properties of various types of concrete.
Grout Layer
Here you can define the grout thickness, the characteristic grout strength, and the friction coeffi-
cient of the grout layer between the base plate and the foundation.
Anchoring Template
If you have selected the cast-in anchors option in the 1.1 General Data window, you can define
dimensions of the plate in this section. In addition, it is possible to set a welded connection of
the anchoring template and base plate.
Additional Parameters
You can specify the parameters of the Eccentricity of base plate in order to arrange the base plate
eccentrically on the footing.
Moreover, you can determine if there is an Edge reinforcement and select the form of it.
The Cracks in concrete check box specifies if the concrete in cracked state is considered for the cal-
culation.
23
Restrained Column Footing - Bucket Footing
If you have selected the Bucket footing joint type in the 1.1 General Data window (see Figure 3.6,
page 20), the 1.4 Footing window is displayed as follows:
Figure 3.10: Window 1.4 Footing for the Bucket footing joint type
Click to open the material library where you can select the materials of the foundation.
You can enter the dimensions of the foundation plate and the bucket in the individual text boxes.
24
3.5 Base Plate and Welds
In the 1.5 Base Plate and Welds window, you can define the base plate parameters.
Figure 3.11: Window 1.5 Base Plate and Welds
Base plate
In this window section, you can specify the material and dimensions of the base plate. Click
to open the material library where you can find the properties of various steel grades.
Base Plate Welds

Select the Allow transfer of compression by contact between the column and the base plate check
box to reduce action effects on the weld; the design internal force must be a compression force
in this case. Tension forces are transferred by the welds without exception.
Welds of the column cross-section on the base plate are applied according to the sketch displayed
in the upper right graphic. You can enter the parameters of Weld on flange and Weld on web.
In the case of rectangular and circular hollow sections, you can define the Weld on column.
During the calculation, the add-on module checks also the structural details. For example,
if the weld thickness exceeds the base plate dimensions, the corresponding error message appears.
Figure 3.12: Conflict in structural details
25
Restrained Column Footing - Bucket Footing
If you have selected the Bucket footing joint type in the 1.1 General Data window (see Figure 3.6,
page 20), the 1.5 Column window appears as follows:
Figure 3.13: Window 1.5 Column for the Bucket footing joint type
Select the Base plate is welded to the end of column check box if there is a column base plate. Then,
you can enter the base plate and weld parameters as described above.
The Bearing of inner flange check box has an impact on the calculation. If you select the check
box, the program takes into account the elastic compression of the concrete. This affects the load
introduction length.
If necessary, you can adjust the preset value of the Friction coefficient for the tension resistance.
Furthermore, you can specify an eccentric arrangement of the column in the foundation by enter-
ing parameters for the Eccentricity of the column.
26
3.6 Anchors
The 1.6 Anchors window determines the parameters of column base anchors.
Figure 3.14: Window 1.6 Anchors
Anchors
The Number of anchors is currently preset with two anchors (hinged column footings) or four
anchors (restrained column footings).
You can define the Diameter and the strength Class of the anchors using the drop-down lists.
There are three Types of anchors available. They affect the design resistance when anchors are
pulled out under tensile stress.
You can control the partial safety factors for the design by specifying the Bond conditions and
the Installation safety.
Depending on the anchor bolt layout, it is possible to consider the Reduction of the determined
design resistance according to [1], Table 3.4, by the factor A = 0.85 (see [1], 3.6.1(3)).
Anchor Dimensions
You can arrange the anchors on a base plate by using the Anchor length parameter and entering
the Spacing to the edges of the base plate.
Additional Settings
In this window section, you can specify the shape, size and thickness of Washers and Anchor heads.
The graphic on the right provides a dynamic visualization of the input parameters.
27
3.7 Shear Transfer
In the 1.7 Shear Transfer window, you can enter shear key parameters.
Figure 3.15: Window 1.7 Shear Transfer
Shear Key
There are three options available under Shear transferred by: Friction, Anchors, and Shear key.
However, these options cannot be freely combined with each other. Select the corresponding
check box to increase the shear failure resistance. The friction resistance is considered if there is
a compressive force. It reduces the available shear force so that anchor or shear key does not have
to absorb such a high shear.
If you select a shear key, the text boxes of the section above become available and you can
select a cross-section from the RFEM model. Use the button to define a different cross-section.
The button displays the section properties. Click to change the cross-section subsequently.
In addition, you can use the button to define specific material for the shear key (provided
that the Use the column material for other joint components check box has not been activated in
the 1.1 General Data window). Therefore, the materials used for the column, base plate, and shear
key do not have to be identical.
You can also specify the length of the shear key in the corresponding text box.
Shear Key Welds

In this window section, you can enter the thickness of the circumferential weld that connects
the shear key with the base plate.
28
3.8 Stiffeners
The 1.8 Stiffeners window is available for the following joint types:
Hinged column base with stiffeners in column encasement
Restrained column base plate with stiffeners in center of flanges
Restrained column base plate with stiffeners on both sides of column
Table 3.4: Joint types with stiffeners
Figure 3.16: Window 1.8 Stiffeners
Stiffeners
In this window section, you can define the geometric parameters of the stiffeners. Click to
define the material separately. The Use the column material for other joint components check box in
the 1.1 General Data window must be unselected.
29
Trimming
In the case of restrained column base plates with stiffeners, you can enter the length of the vertical
and horizontal trimmings.
Stiffener Welds
In this section, you can define the thickness of stiffener welds according to the joint type. The indi-
vidual parameters are illustrated in the 3D graphic on the right.
Horizontal Stiffener Welds

In the case of hinged column footings with stiffeners, you can use a horizontal stiffener. Select
the check box to activate the text boxes where you can define the thickness and the weld of
the stiffener in compliance with the sketch.
Restrained Column Footing - Base Plate with Channel Sections

(Stiffeners/ Crossbars)
If you have selected the Base plate with channel sections joint type in the 1.1 General Data window
(see Figure 3.6, page 20), the 1.8 Stiffeners and Crossbars window appears as follows:
Figure 3.17: Window 1.8 Stiffeners and Crossbars for the Base plate with channel sections joint type
In both tabs of this window, you can select the Cross-section of the channel stiffener section.
Click to define a different cross-section. To change the section subsequently, click .
Use the button to select the Material of the cross-section from the library.
The Length and Gap between crossbars text boxes specify the geometric parameters.
30
4 Steel - Tower 4
4 Steel - Tower
This chapter describes the individual windows of the RF-JOINTS Steel - Tower module. The general
input parameters are described in Chapter 2.
The input windows of the add-on module appear as soon as you select the Steel material and
the Tower joint group.
Figure 4.1: RF-JOINTS Steel - Tower add-on module
The input data always refers to the design case set in the navigator on the top left. To switch
If the entries Geometry 1, Diagonal 1,1 connection etc. are missing in the navigator, go to
the 1.2 Nodes and Members window and check if the boundary conditions of the node are cor-
rect. For example, it may be necessary to adjust the status of connected members (see Figure 4.9,
page 35).
The input windows of the RF-JOINTS Steel - Tower add-on module consist of two parts: On the left,
you find the input parameters of the tower component that are illustrated in graphics on the right
(see Figure 4.10, page 36). The upper graphic shows a system sketch of the current parameter,
the lower graphic shows a 3D visualization of the node.
Figure 4.2: 3D visualization of node
The buttons below the 3D graphic are described in Table 4.1 on page 18.
31
4 Steel - Tower 4
4.1 General Data
Joint Category
Figure 4.4: Joint category
RF-JOINTS Steel - Tower covers only the Tower Structure Joints category.
Joint Type
Figure 4.5: Joint type
32
4 Steel - Tower 4
You can select one of the following joint types:
Uniplanar joint with diagonals on one column leg
Spatial joint with diagonals on both column legs
Butt strap joint with sheets
Table 4.1: Tower - Joint types
1. Alignment / 2. Alignment
Figure 4.6: 1. and 2. Alignment
This section specifies the individual geometric form of a joint in Plane 1 and Plane 2 (for 3D con-
nections).
The letters indicate the number of members on the connection node and their function:
Major chord, minor chord, one strut
Major chord, minor chord, two struts
Major chord, minor chord, three struts
Table 4.2: Alignment
Figure 4.7: K Alignment
33
4 Steel - Tower 4
Additional Settings
Figure 4.8: Additional Settings section
The program uses the simplified Joint calculation hypothesis according to [1], Clause 3.10.3,
that is applicable for single-leg bolted connection of angles subjected to tensile stress (see [1],
Clause 2.7 (2)).
You can select the Category of connection according to [1], Clause 3.4 using the drop-down list.
There are the categories A to C available for bolted connections loaded in shear.
Category A: Shear/Hole bearing connections
Category B: Slip-resistant connections at serviceability limit state
Category C: Slip-resistant connections at ultimate limit state
In the case of high-strength prestressed bolted connections (Category B or C), you can select also
the Class of friction surface from the drop-down list. The classes with the corresponding friction
coefficient are set in [1], Table 3.7.
34
4 Steel - Tower 4
The selection of nodes and members is described in Chapter 2.2 on page 9.
In the Parameters section, you can check the boundary conditions of the connected components.
If there is an Invalid cross-section, you should adjust the cross-section to the joint type and to
the alignment defined in Window 1.1.
Figure 4.9: Adjusting the construction status
The columns Angle and Priority provide information about the connected members.
The angles are based on the geometrical conditions of the RFEM model. If you select the Set manu-
ally definition type in Window 1.2, you can enter a user-defined angle of the connected members.
The priority of struts determines the distribution of windows Diagonal 1,1 connection, Diagonal
1,2 connection etc. The number before the comma assigns the struts to Plane 1 ("1. Alignment")
or to Plane 2 ("2. Alignment" - only for 3D connections). The number after the comma numbers
the members within the respective plane. The order is not design-relevant.
Example: Priority 1,2 means "Plane 1, Strut 2". You can define bolt parameters in the Diagonal 1,2
connection window.
When you click in a row of the table, the selected member is highlighted in the graphic.
4.3 Loads
The entry of loads and internal forces is described in Chapter 2.3 on page 13.
35
4 Steel - Tower 4
4.4 Geometry 1 / Geometry 2
The Geometry window comprises the geometrical boundary conditions of the member on a con-
nection node. There are two separate windows for both planes: The Geometry 1 window refers to
Plane 1 ("1. Alignment"), the Geometry 2 window refers to Plane 2 ("2. Alignment" - only for 3D
connections).
Figure 4.10: Geometry 1 window
Diagonals Orientation
The arrangement of diagonals on a node is preset during the data transfer from the RFEM model
(see Figure 4.9, page 35). Text boxes of this window section are locked.
If you define the geometry and the internal forces manually, you can enter a user-defined arrange-
ment and orientation of diagonals as well (see figure above). The check boxes and the list entries
describe the connected leg and its position.
Joint Geometry
Joint eccentricity describes the eccentricity of diagonals. It is based on the central axis intersection
of the cross-section. As shown in the system sketch, positive values move the connection in
the direction of the loose column leg, negative values in the direction of the corner angle.
The local Diagonal offset in the direction of the longitudinal member is automatically updated in
the text boxes below.
The graphic on the right provides a dynamic visualization of the geometric parameters.
36
4 Steel - Tower 4
4.5 Geometry, Plates
If you have selected the Towers - Splices joint type in the 1.1 General Data window (see Figure 4.5,
page 32), the Geometry, Plates window appears.
Figure 4.11: Geometry, Plates window for the Towers - Splices joint type
Joint Geometry
In this window section, you can define the Joint gap size of a butt strap joint between the cross-sec-
tions.
Concerning the splices arrangement, you can select the External plates and/or Internal plates.
The system sketch on the right illustrates the position of the plates.
If you select the Dimensions of plates are calculated from the bolt spacing check box, the text boxes
for entering length and width of plates below the check box are locked.
You can select the Material of plates from the drop-down list or from the material library using
the button.
In the case of different cross-sections, it is possible to Insert pads to external or internal plates in
order to settle the thickness differences.
External/Internal Plates - Plane 1/2

In these text boxes, you can define the Thickness, Length and Width of external or internal plates.
Plane 1 and Plane 2 refer to both angle legs.
If you select the Dimensions of plates are calculated from the bolt spacing check box in the section
above, you can enter only the thickness.
During the calculation, the add-on module checks also the structural details. For example, if the
splice dimensions are too small for the bolts, a corresponding error message appears.
37
4 Steel - Tower 4
4.6 Diagonal 1,1 connection / Diagonal 1,2 connection
In the Diagonal X,Y connection windows, you can define parameters of diagonals.
There is a separate window for each plane and member. For example, the Diagonal 1,1 connection
window refers to Plane 1 ("1. Alignment") and Strut 1, the Diagonal 1,2 connection window refers
to Plane 1 and Strut 2. The Diagonal 2,1 connection window specifies the parameters of Strut 1 in
Plane 2.
Figure 4.12: Diagonal 1,1 connection window
Bolts
You can select the Class and Diameter of bolts from the relevant drop-down list. Each connection
requires a similar type of bolts.
In the text boxes, you can define the Hole diameter, Number of rows (currently only one row),
Number of bolts in a row as well as the Distance from edges and between the bolts. The system
sketch on the right illustrates the individual parameters.
Welds
This section includes the weld parameters of gusset plates. Since this connection type is not
implemented yet, the text boxes are locked.
38
4 Steel - Tower 4
4.7 Definition of Fasteners
If you have selected the Towers - Splices joint type in the 1.1 General Data window (see Figure 4.5,
page 32), you can define bolt parameters in the Definition of Fasteners window.
Figure 4.13: Definition of Fasteners window
Bolts
You can select the Class and Diameter of bolts from the relevant drop-down list. Each connection
requires a similar type of bolts.
Both check boxes specify a position of the Shear plane and a bolt type (black bolts or Fit bolts).
You can enter the Hole diameter separately.
Dimensions in Plane 1 / 2
There is an individual section for each angle plane.
You can define the Number of rows (currently only one row), Number of bolts in a row as well as
the Distance from edges and between the bolts in the corresponding text box. The system sketch
on the right illustrates the individual parameters.
39
5 Calculation 5
5 Calculation
You can start the calculation in all input windows of the RF-JOINTS add-on module using the [Cal-
culation] button.
RF-JOINTS searches for the results of the load cases, load combinations and result combinations
to be designed. If these cannot be found, the program starts the RFEM calculation to determine
the design-relevant internal forces. If you have selected the direct input of the internal forces
(see Chapter 2.3.2, page 14), the RFEM results are not relevant for the design.
You can also start the calculation in the RFEM user interface: The To Calculate dialog box (main
menu: Calculate To Calculate) lists design cases of the add-on modules such as load cases and
load combinations.
Figure 5.1: To Calculate dialog box
If the RF-JOINTS design cases are missing in the Not Calculated section, select All or Add-on Modules
in the drop-down list below the section.
Use the button to transfer the selected RF-JOINT cases to the list on the right. Click [OK] to
start the calculation.
To calculate a design case directly, use the drop-down list in the toolbar: Select the RF-JOINTS
design case and click [Show Results].
Figure 5.2: Direct calculation of an RF-JOINTS case in RFEM
Subsequently, you can see the design process in a separate dialog box.
40
6 Results 6
6 Results
The 3.1 Design - Summary window is displayed immediately after the calculation.
Figure 6.1: Result window with designs, design ratios and design details
The result data always refers to the design case set in the navigator on the top left. To switch
The content of the result windows is adapted to the results of the different RF-JOINTS modules.
The sequence and the concept of the windows are the same.
Window 2.1 shows an overview graphic including geometric parameters of the connection com-
ponents.
Result windows 3.1 to 3.3 display the designs sorted by different criteria. Window 3.4 lists the in-
termediate values of the individual designs.
Window 4.1 shows a graphic of the connection including all geometry details, which can be printed
as well.
Window 5.1 lists notes that are relevant for the design.
You can select each window by clicking the corresponding entry in the navigator. To set the pre-
vious or next window, use the buttons shown on the left. You can also use the function keys to
select the next [F2] or previous [F3] window.
Click [OK] to save the results. Thus, you exit the RF-JOINTS add-on module and return to the main
program.
Chapter 5 - Results describes the result windows one by one. The evaluation of and checking
results is described in Chapter 7 - , page 49 ff.
41
6 Results 6
6.1 Geometry
This window lists all geometry parameters of the connection.
Figure 6.2: Window 2.1 Geometry
Click to display the list entries and to hide them, as common for Windows applications.
The graphic shows the component selected in the list including the parameters.
The buttons are described in Chapter 7 - on page 50.
42
6 Results 6
6.2 Designs - Summary
This window lists the maximum design ratios of all designed nodes. The internal force ratios of
the governing load cases and combinations are sorted by design type.
Figure 6.3: Window 3.1 Designs - Summary
Governing Node
This column displays the number of the node with the highest design ratio for the design type
indicated in column E.
Governing Load
In this column, you find the numbers of the load cases or load combinations with the internal
forces resulting in the maximum design ratio.
Design Ratio
Columns C and D display the design conditions according to EN 1993-1-8 [1] or EN 1995-1-1 [2].
The length of the colored bars represents the respective design ratio.
Design According to Formula

This column displays the individual designs according to [1] or [2].
Design Details
In this window section, you can find the detailed information on the design parameters of the entry
selected above.
43
6 Results 6
6.3 Design by Load Case
The upper part of the window lists the governing designs sorted by load case and load combination.
The lower part includes detailed information on the internal forces and design parameters of
the load case selected above.
Figure 6.4: Window 3.2 Design by Load Case
Description
This column provides the descriptions of the load cases and load combinations used for designs.
Nodes No.
This column displays the number of the node with the maximum design ratio of the designed
actions.
Design Ratio
Columns C and D display the design conditions according to [1] or [2]. The length of the colored
bars represents the respective design ratio.
Design According to Formula

This column lists the individual equations of the Standard that has been used for the designs.
44
6 Results 6
6.4 Design by Node
Figure 6.5: Window 3.3 Design by node
This window displays the maximum design ratios of the designed nodes.
45
6 Results 6
6.5 Design - Details
Figure 6.6: Window 3.4 Design - Details
This result window lists all individual designs including design ratios used for the connection.
The section below provides detailed information on the design parameters selected above.
46
6 Results 6
6.6 Graphic
This window shows a graphic of the connection including all components.
Figure 6.7: Window 4.1 Graphic
The Components to Display section lists all components of the connection. You can display or hide
the individual components using the corresponding check boxes.
Click to display the subentries. In this way, you can also display the Dimensions and Outlines of
the particular components.
The graphic view is dynamic. The mouse functions known from RFEM allow you to zoom, shift or
rotate the view.
The buttons are described in Chapter 7 - on page 50.
47
6 Results 6
6.7 Notes
Figure 6.8: Window 5.1 Notes
The last result window displays the notes that are important for the joint design.
48
7 Results Evaluation 7
7 Results Evaluation
Windows 3.1 to 3.4 display the results sorted by various criteria. The buttons below facilitate
the evaluation.
Figure 7.1: Buttons for results evaluation in tables
The buttons have the following functions:
Button Description Function

View Mode Jump to the RFEM work window to change the view
Exceeding Display only rows with a ratio greater than 1 (design not fulfilled)
Color Bars Display or hide colored relation scales in the result windows
Export the table to MS Excel / OpenOffice
Excel Export
Chapter 9.3, page 59
Table 7.1: Buttons in result windows 3.1 to 3.4
49
7.1 Graphic of Connection in RF-JOINTS
Each result window shows a dynamic graphic of the connection. It provides an overview and
illustrates the parameters.
Figure 7.2: Graphic of connection
The buttons below the graphic have the following functions:
Button Function
Display or hide dimensions
Display dimension values or symbols
Display or hide the irrelevant parts
Print the current 3D graphic
Table 7.2: Graphic buttons in result windows
Use the mouse functions to zoom, shift or rotate the view. These functions are described in
Chapter 3.4.9 of the RFEM manual.
Use the [Show unselected parts transparent] button to display only the selected components
including dimensions, for example anchors.
50
Figure 7.3: Show Unselected Parts Transparently button
Click to print the graphic.
51
7.2 Graphic of Connection in RFEM Model
The graphic of the connection can be also displayed in the RFEM model: Click [OK] to close
the RF-JOINTS module. Then, select the RF-JOINTS load case in the RFEM menu bar.
The RFEM work window displays the connections in 3D rendering.
Figure 7.4: Displaying connections in RFEM work window
Similarly to the display of internal forces, the [Show Results] button displays or hides the module
results.
RFEM does not provide a Results navigator for the RF-JOINTS design cases. Furthermore, the RFEM
tables are not relevant for RF-JOINTS.
You can use the View Mode option (see RFEM manual, Chapter 9.9.1) to filter the nodes of the con-
nection.
You can print the graphic of the connection directly or send it to the printout report (see Chapter 8.2,
page 53).
52
8 Printout 8
8 Printout
8.1 Printout Report
Similarly to RFEM, the program generates a printout report of the RF-JOINTS results, to which you
can add graphics and descriptions. The selection in the printout report determines what data
from the connection module will be included in the printout.
The printout report is described in the RFEM manual. In particular, Chapter 10.1.3.4 Selecting
Data of Add-on Modules describes how to select input and output data from add-on modules for
the printout report.
For complex structural systems with many design cases, it is recommended to split the data into
several printout reports, thus allowing for a clearly-arranged printout.
The parameters of input windows 1.4 to 1.8. are summarized in the 1.2.2 Geometry Details table of
the printout report.
Figure 8.1: Printout report including Table 1.2.2 Geometry Details
8.2 Graphic Printout

You can print the graphics of the RF-JOINTS add-on module as well as of the RFEM work window.
8.2.1 RF-JOINTS Graphic

To print the graphic, use the [Print] button that is available in the 2.1 Geometry window and in
the 4.1 Graphic window on the right below the graphic (see Figure 8.2, page 50).
Click this button to open the following printout dialog box.
53
8 Printout 8
Figure 8.2: Graphic Printout dialog box, General tab
The dialog box is described in the RFEM manual, Chapter 10.2. There you can find the description
of the Options tab as well.
If there are several printout reports available, you can select the number of the target report in
the list.
In order to add several graphics in the printout report consecutively, you should unselect the Show
printout report on [OK] check box.
Figure 8.3: Connection graphic in the printout report
54
8 Printout 8
8.2.2 RFEM Graphic
In RFEM, you can add every picture that is displayed in the work window to the printout report or
send it directly to a printer. In this way, you can prepare the connections displayed in the RFEM
model for the printout as well.
To print the currently displayed graphic of the connection, click
File Print Graphic
in the menu or use the toolbar button shown on the left.
Figure 8.4: Print Graphic button in RFEM toolbar
The Graphic Printout dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 8.2.

You can move the graphic anywhere within the printout report by using the drag-and-drop func-
tion.
To adjust a graphic subsequently in the printout report, right-click the relevant entry in the printout
report navigator. The Properties option in the shortcut menu opens the Graphic Printout dialog
box, providing various options for adjustment.
Figure 8.5: Graphic Printout dialog box, Options tab
55
9 General Functions 9
9 General Functions
This chapter describes useful menu functions as well as export options for the designs.
9.1 Design Cases

Design cases allow you to group members for a design. In this way, you can combine connection
nodes with similar parameters or analyze members with particular design specifications (for ex-
ample materials, internal forces).
If the conditions of designed nodes are different in terms of the cross-sections, dimensions, number
of bolts etc., you have to create a new design case. You cannot specify all entries in a single design
case.
In the 1.2 Nodes and Members window, you can click the [Transfer the node to a new case] button
or the [Transfer unsuitable nodes to new case] button to quickly create new design cases (see
Figure 9.10, page 9). Then you can define the node-specific parameters.
The design cases are displayed in the navigator on the top left. To switch the design case, simply
click the relevant list entry. To display RF-JOINTS design cases, you can also click the relevant entry
in the load case list in the menu toolbar of RFEM.
Create New Design Case

To create a new design case, use the RF-JOINTS menu and click
File New Case.
The following dialog box appears:
Figure 9.1: New RF-JOINTS Case dialog box
In this dialog box, enter a Number (that is still available) for the new design case. The corresponding
description makes the selection from the load case list easier.
Click [OK] to open the 1.1 General Data window in RF-JOINTS where you can enter the design data.
Rename Design Case

To change the description of a design case, use the RF-JOINTS menu and click
File Rename Case.
Figure 9.2: Rename RF-JOINTS Case dialog box
In this dialog box, you can specify a different Description as well as a Number of the design case.
56
Copy Design Case
To copy the input data of the current design case, use the RF-JOINTS menu and click
File Copy Case.
Figure 9.3: Copy RF-JOINTS Case dialog box
Define the Number and, if necessary, a Description of the new case.
Delete Design Case

To delete design cases, use the RF-JOINTS menu and click
File Delete Case.
Figure 9.4: Delete Case dialog box
You can select a design case in the list of Available Cases. To delete the selected case, click [OK].
57
9.2 Units and Decimal Places
Units and decimal places of RFEM and the add-on modules are managed in one dialog box. To open
the corresponding dialog box, use the RF-JOINTS menu and click
Settings Units and Decimal Places.
The following dialog box appears which you already know from RFEM. The RF-JOINTS module is
preset in the Program / Module list.
Figure 9.5: Units and Decimal Places dialog box
You can save the settings as a user-defined profile to reuse them in other models. These functions
are described in Chapter 11.1.3 of the RFEM manual.
9.3 Data Transfer

You can use the input and output data of the RF-JOINTS add-on module also in other programs.
Clipboard
To copy cells selected in the result windows to the Clipboard, use the keys [Ctrl]+[C]. Press [Ctrl]+[V]
to insert the cells, for example in a word processing program. The headers of the table columns
will not be transferred.
Printout Report
You can print the data of RF-JOINTS into the global printout report (see Chapter 8.1, page 53) and
export them subsequently. For this, click
File Export to RTF.
The function is described in the RFEM manual, Chapter 10.1.11.
58
Excel / OpenOffice
RF-JOINTS provides a function for directly exporting data to MS Excel, OpenOffice.org Calc, or to
the CSV file format. To open the corresponding dialog box, click
File Export Tables.
The following export dialog box appears.
Figure 9.6: Export of Tables dialog box
When you have selected the relevant options, you can start the export by clicking [OK]. Excel or
OpenOffice will be started automatically, you do not need to open the programs first.
Figure 9.7: Results in Excel
59
10 Examples 10
10 Examples
This chapter presents two examples of a joint design in the RF-JOINTS add-on module. For more
examples, see the verification examples on our website: www.dlubal.com/en/examples.aspx
10.1 Steel - Column Base

A hinged column footing is analyzed according to EN 1993-1-8 [1] and EN 1992-1-1 [3].
The example was published in the book "Stahlbau nach EC3" [4], page 261.
10.1.1 System and Loads
Figure 10.1: System and load according to [4]
System
Hinged internal column
Column
Cross-section HE A 200, Steel S 235 JR
Depth hc 190 mm
Width bc 200 mm
Flange thickness tfc 10 mm
Web thickness twc 6.5 mm
Root fillet radius rc 18 mm
Cross-sectional area Ac 53.8 cm3
Table 10.1: Column cross-section
Base plate
Thickness tp 40 mm
Width bp 220 mm
Depth hp 210 mm
Extension u 10 mm
Weld on flange af 4 mm
Weld on web aw 4 mm
Table 10.2: Base plate
60
10 Examples 10
Loads
Axial force NEd 580 kN
Shear force VEd 100 kN
Table 10.3: Loads
10.1.2 Entry in RF-JOINTS
10.1.2.1 General Data

First of all, a new model is created in RFEM. Then, we can directly open the RF-JOINTS add-on
module.
The following input data is defined in the 1.1 General Data window:
Figure 10.2: RF-JOINTS Window 1.1 General Data
The design is performed according to Eurocode with DIN factors of the German National Annex.
The example concerns the Column Base joint group, the Hinged Column Footing joint category
and the Simple column base joint type.
61
10 Examples 10
10.1.2.2 Nodes and Members
The column cross-section and the material are defined in the 1.2 Nodes and Members window.
Figure 10.3: Window 1.2 Nodes and Members
The definition type is changed to Set manually .

The cross-section HE-A 200 and the material Steel S 235 JR are selected from the libraries using
the button.
A query appears that should be confirmed by clicking [Yes].
Figure 10.4: RFEM query
62
10 Examples 10
10.1.2.3 Internal forces
The loads are defined in the 1.3 Internal Forces window (compression force with negative sign).
Figure 10.5: Window 1.3 Internal Forces
10.1.2.4 Footing
The 1.4 Footing window specifies the footing parameters.
Figure 10.6: Window 1.4 Footing
The Beton C20/25 class of concrete was selected in the library using the button.
63
10 Examples 10
The grout thickness is set to 0.02. It is possible to apply the same value also for the characteristic
grout strength.
Foundation length and width are set to 1.0 m. Foundation depth can be reduced to 0.40 m:
u,1 u,0
u,0 = u u = 190 mm 200 mm = 38,000 mm2

u,1 = min (1.0 1.0; 9u,0 ) = 342,000 mm2
390 mm selected: = 400 mm
10.1.2.5 Base Plate and Welds

The base plate is made of STEEL S 235 JR.
With the extension u = 10 mm, the dimensions are defined follows:
Figure 10.7: Window 1.5 Base Plate and Welds
According to Table 10.2, the base plate thickness is set to 40 mm. Both thickness of weld on flange
and weld on web are set to 4 mm.
64
10 Examples 10
10.1.2.6 Anchors
Since the example of [4] includes no information about anchors, the Straight ribbed rod anchors
with diameter of M18 and 5.6 strength class were selected.
Figure 10.8: Window 1.6 Anchors
The anchor length is set to 350 mm. The horizontal spacing to edges of the base plate is 40 mm.
The washer thickness is increased to 50 mm.
65
10 Examples 10
10.1.2.7 Shear Transfer
Since the shear force should be transferred only by friction, the Anchors check box is unselected.
Figure 10.9: Window 1.7 Shear Transfer
The input data is complete now.
10.1.3 Calculation
The determination of designs starts by clicking the [Calculation] button.
Figure 10.10: Calculation dialog box
66
10 Examples 10
10.1.4 Designs
The 3.1 Designs - Summary window provides an overview of the relevant designs.
10.1.4.1 Part of Joint in Compression
Figure 10.11: Window 3.1 Designs - Summary, Part of the joint in compression
Stress concentration factor

u + 2 ( u ) = 210 + 2 (1,000 210) = 1,790 mm
{
1 = 1 = min 3u = 3 210 = 630 mm
{ +
u u uuuuuu = 210 + 400 = 610 mm
1 1 610 610
u = = = 2.82
u u 220 210
Bearing strength of the foundation

2
u,u = u u uu = 2.82 1.13 = 2.13 kN/cm2 [1] , Equation (6.6)
3
67
10 Examples 10
Base plate overlap
u,u 23,5
= u = 4.0 = 7.67 cm [1] , Equation (6.5)
3u,u u 0 3 2.13 1.0
1 = 7.67 cm = 1.0 cm
u 2u,u 19.0 2 1.0
2 = 7.67 cm = = 8.5 cm
2 2
3 = 7.67 cm = 1.0 cm
uuu = + u,u + 2 = 1.0 + 1.0 + 7.67 = 9.67 cm
uuu = u + 23 = 20.0 + 2 1.0 = 22.0 cm
u,1 = uuu uuu = 9.67 22.0 = 212.74 cm2
u,2 = (u,u + 22 ) (u 2u,u 22 )
= (0.65 + 2 7.67) (19.0 2 1.0 2 7.67) = 26.54 cm2
u,3 = uuu uuu = 9.67 22.0 = 212.74 cm2
u,0 = u,1 + u,2 + u,3 = 452.02 cm2
The total design compression resistance results from the summed up resistances of the T-stub:
u,uu = u,0 u,u = 452.02 2.13 = 962.80 kN [1] , Equation (6.4)
Check:
u,uu 580.00
= = 0.60 1.00 [1] , Clause 6.2.8.2
u,uu 962.80
68
10 Examples 10
10.1.4.2 Shear Resistance of Joint
Figure 10.12: Window 3.1 Designs - Summary, Shear resistance of the joint
Friction between base plate and grout

u,uu = u,u u,uu [1] , Equation (6.1)
u,u = 0.20
u,uu = 580 kN
u,uu = 0.20 | 580 kN| = 116 kN
Check:
uu 100
= = 0.86 1.00
u,uu 116
The shear force can be removed by the friction resistance. It is not necessary to implement any
other measures, for example dowels.
69
10 Examples 10
10.1.4.3 Welds
The welds are designed for the column flanges and the column web.
Column flange
Figure 10.13: Window 3.1 Designs - Summary, Column flanges to base plate

= = u 0.9 u [1] , Equation (4.1)
2u u 2
580.00 36.00
= = 0.9
2 39.32 1.25
= = 10.43 kN/cm2 25.90 kN/cm2
Check:
10.43
= 0.40 1.00
25.90
u
u = 2 + 3 (2 + 2 ) [1] , Equation (4.1)
u u 2
36.00
u = 10.432 + 3 (10.432 + 02 )
0.8 1.25
u = 20.86 kN/cm2 36.00 kN/cm2
Check:
20.86
= 0.58 1.00
36.00
70
10 Examples 10
Column web
Figure 10.14: Window 3.1 Designs - Summary, Column web to base plate

= = u 0.9 u
2u u 2
580.00 36.00
= = 0.9
2 39.32 1.25
= = 10.43 kN/cm2 25.90 kN/cm2
Check:
10.43
= 0.40 1.00
25.90
u
=
2u u
100.00
= = 9.33 kN/cm2
2 0.4 13.4
u
u = 2 + 3 (2 + 2 )
u u 2
36.00
u = 10.432 + 3 (10.432 + 9.332 )
0.8 1.25
u = 26.38 kN/cm2 36.00 kN/cm2
Check:
26.38
= 0.73 1.00
36.00
71
A Literature A
Literature
[1] EN 1993-1-8: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten Teil 1-8: Bemessung von An-
schlssen. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 2005.
[2] DIN EN 1995-1-1: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Holzbauten Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Regeln und
Regeln fr den Hochbau. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 2008.
[3] EN 1992-1-1: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken Teil 1-1:
Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln fr den Hochbau. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 2004.
[4] Kahlmeyer/Hebestreit/Vogt. Stahlbau nach EC 3. Werner Verlag, Kln, 6. edition, 2012.
[5] EN 1993-1-1: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungs-
regeln und Regeln fr den Hochbau. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 2005.
[6] EN 1993-1-5: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten Teil 1-5: Plattenfrmige Bauteile.
Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 2006.
[7] SCHNEIDER: Bautabellen. Werner Verlag, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden, 20. edition, 2012.
72
B Index B
Index
A Graphic printout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Grout layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 28
Anchor head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 H
Anchoring template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Hinged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
I
B Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Base plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 39 Installation safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Internal forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 14
Bucket footing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 26
Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 J
Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
C Joint category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 19, 32
Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Joint eccentricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Closing RF-JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Joint gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Color bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Joint geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Column base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Joint group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Joint type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 19, 32
Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Construction status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 L
Cross-section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Crossbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Load case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 14, 43, 44, 52
Load combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
D
Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 58 M
Definition type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 11
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 43, 44, 45 Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 14
Design case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 57 Module windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Design ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 44
Diagonal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 38 N
National Annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 15
E Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Eccentricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26 Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 45
Edge reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 O
Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Opening RF-JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
F OpenOffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Fastener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Footing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 P
Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
G Print graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
General data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Printout report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 55
Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 42 Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 47, 50, 52, 53 Program start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
73
B Index B
R Strength class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Restrained . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Result combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 T
Result window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Results evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Results navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
RF-DYNAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 U
RFEM work window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 55 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 58
User-defined profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
S
Scrolling in windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V
Shear key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 View mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 52
Shear transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 W
Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Stiffener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 30 Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 26, 28, 30, 38
74

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9.1 Design Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

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We wish you enjoyment and success with RF-JOINTS.

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Figure 1.1: Menu: Add-on Modules Connections RF-JOINTS.

Figure 1.2: Data navigator: Add-on Modules RF-JOINTS.

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2.1 General Data

Figure 2.1: Window 1.1 General Data

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Figure 2.2: Filter for steel and timber connections

Figure 2.3: Filter for joint groups of steel material

Figure 2.4: Filter for joint groups of timber material

Figure 2.5: Filter for joint categories of column footings

Figure 2.6: Filter for joint categories of steel to timber connection

Figure 2.7: Filter for joint types of hinged column footings

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Figure 2.8: Filter for joint types of dowels

According to Standard / National Annex

Figure 2.9: Standard and National Annex

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Figure 2.10: Window 1.2 Nodes and Members

Joint on Nodes No.

Figure 2.11: Setting a joint manually

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Figure 2.13: Cross-section library

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Figure 2.14: Material library

Table 2.1: Buttons in the Parameters section

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Figure 2.15: Graphic with selection arrow

Table 2.2: Buttons in graphic window

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Figure 2.16: Window 1.3 Loads

Existing Load Cases and Combinations

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Select all cases in the list

Selected for Design

2.3.2 Internal Forces

Figure 2.17: Window 1.3 Internal Forces

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Create a new load case for additional internal forces

Table 2.4: Buttons in window 1.3 Internal Forces

2.4 National Annex

Figure 2.18: National Annex Settings - EN 1993-1-8/NA:2010-12 dialog box

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Figure 2.19: National Annex Settings - EN 1995-1-1:2004/A1:2008 dialog box

Table 2.5: Buttons in the National Annex Settings dialog box

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Figure 3.1: RF-JOINTS Steel - Column Base add-on module

Figure 3.2: 3D visualization of column footing

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Table 3.1: Buttons of 3D graphic

3.1 General Data

Figure 3.3: Window 1.1 General Data

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Figure 3.4: Joint category