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11.1 INTRODUCTION
Corbel or bracket is a reinforced concrete member is a short-haunched cantilever used to support the
reinforced concrete beam element. Corbel is structural element to support the pre-cast structural
system such as pre-cast beam and pre-stressed beam. The corbel is cast monolithic with the column
element or wall element.
This chapter is describes the design procedure of corbel or bracket structure. Since the load from pre-
cast structural element is large then it is very important to make a good detailing in corbel.
11 - 1
Vu Vu
Vu Vu
Nu
ACI code uses the shear friction theory to design the interface area.
Vn Vu [11.1]
where :
Vn = nominal shear strength of shear friction reinforcement
Vu = ultimate shear force
= strength reduction factor ( = 0.85)
11 - 2
Vu
Vn Vn
A vf = A vf =
fy fy ( sin f + cos f )
Vn = A vf fy Vn = A vf fy ( sin f + cos f )
Vu Vu
A vf = A vf =
fy fy ( sin f + cos f )
where :
Vn = nominal shear strength of shear friction reinforcement
Avf = area of shear friction reinforcement
Fy = yield strength of shear friction reinforcement
= coefficient of friction
The value of is :
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
= 0.85 sand light weight concrete
= 0.75 all light weight concrete
11 - 3
The ultimate shear force must follows the following condiitons :
where :
Vu = ultimate shear force (N)
fc = concrete cylinder strength (MPa)
bw = width of corbel section (mm)
d = effective depth of corbel (mm)
Vn Vn
A vf = A vf =
fy fy ( sin f + cos f )
Vn = A vf fy Vn = A vf fy ( sin f + cos f )
Vu Vu
= A vf =
fy ( sin f + cos f )
A vf
fy
11 - 4
Vu
a
Nuc
min d/2
d
h
FIGURE 11.2 DESIGN FORCE OF CORBEL
Nuc [11.2]
An =
fy
where :
An = area of tension reinforcement
Nuc = ultimate horizontal force at corbel
fy = yield strength of the tension reinforcement
= strength reduction factor ( = 0.85)
The strength reduction factor is taken 0.85 because the major action in corbel is dominated by shear.
Vu
a
Nuc
Ts
jd
a
d
h
Cc
11 - 5
The ultimate flexure moment Mu result from the support reactions is :
Mu = Vu (a ) + Nuc (h d) [11.3]
where :
Mu = ultimate flexure moment
Vu = ultimate shear force
a = distance of Vu from face of column
Nuc = ultimate horizontal force at corbel
h = height of corbel
d = effective depth of corbel
Tf = A f fy [11.4]
where :
Tf = tensile force resultant of flexure reinforcement
Af = area of flexure reinforcement
fy = yield strength of the flexure reinforcement
where :
Cc = compressive force resultant of concrete
fc = concrete cylinder strength
b = width of corbel
a = depth of concrete compression zone
H = 0 Cc =Ts [11.6]
0.85 f 'c ba(cos ) = A f fy
A f fy
a=
0.85f 'c b(cos )
Mu [11.7]
Af =
a
fy d
2
11 - 6
Mu
Af =
A f fy
0.85 f ' b(cos )
fy d c
2
jd [11.8]
Tan =
a
where :
a = distance of Vu from face of column
jd = lever arm
Based on the equation above we must trial and error to find the reinforcement area Af.
For practical reason the equation below can be used for preliminary :
Mu [11.9]
Af =
fy (jd)
Mu
Af =
fy (0.85d)
where :
Af = area of flexural reinforcement
Mu = ultimate flexure moment at corbel
fy = yield strength of the flexural reinforcement
= strength reduction factor ( = 0.9)
d = effective depth of corbel
Vu Vu
As= 2
3 Avf +An a As= Af +An a
Nuc Nuc
(2/3)d
(2/3)d
d
d
h
FRAMING FRAMING
REBAR REBAR
CASE 1 CASE 2
11 - 7
From the last calculation we already find the shear friction reinforcement Avf, tension
reinforcement An and flexural reinforcement Af. We must calculate the primary tension
reinforcement As based on the above reinforcements.
2 2 1 2
1 As A vf + A n As = A vf + A n Ah = A vf d
3 3 3 3
1 2
2 A s A f + An A s = A f + An Ah = Af d
2 3
where :
As = area of primary tension reinforcement
Avf = area of shear friction reinforcement
An = area of tension reinforcement
Af = area of flexure reinforcement
Ah = horizontal closed stirrup
d = effective depth of corbel
The reinforcements is taken which is larger, case 1 or case 2, the distribution of the reinforcements is
shown in the figure above.
As f' [11.10]
= 0.04 c
bd fy
where :
As = area of primary tension reinforcement
b = width of corbel
d = effective depth of corbel
A h 0.5(A s A n ) [11.11]
where :
As = area of primary tension reinforcement
An = area of tension reinforcement
11.4.6 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
The followings are the step by step procedure used in the flexural design for corbel (bracket), as
follows :
11 - 8
Calculate ultimate flexure moment Mu.
Mu = Vu (a ) + Nuc (h d)
Nuc
An =
fy
Mu
Af =
fy (0.85d)
CLOSED
PRIMARY
CASE As STIRRUP
REINFORCEMENT
Ah LOCATION
2 2 1 2
1 As A vf + A n As = A vf + A n Ah = A vf d
3 3 3 3
1 2
2 A s A f + An A s = A f + An Ah = Af d
2 3
As f'
= 0.04 c
bd fy
A h 0.5(A s A n )
11.5 APPLICATIONS
11.5.1 APPLICATION 01 DESIGN OF CORBEL
Vu=150000 N
100
200
Nuc
400
11 - 9
PROBLEM
Design the flexural and shear friction reinforcement of corbel structure above.
MATERIAL
Concrete strength = K 300
Steel grade = Grade 400
Concrete cylinder strength = f 'c = 0.83 30 = 24.9 MPa
1 = 0.85
DIMENSION
b = 200 mm
h = 400 mm
Concrete cover = 30 mm
d = 370 mm
DESIGN FORCE
Vu = 150000 N
LIMITATION CHECKING
(0.2f 'c )b w d = 0.85(0.2 24.9 )200 370 = 313242 N
Vu 150000
0.85 = 315 mm2
A vf = =
fy 400 1.4
TENSION REINFORCEMENT
Nuc 30000
An = = = 88 mm2
fy 0.85 400
FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT
Mu 15900000
Af = = = 140 mm
2
fy (0.85d) 0.9 400(0.85 370 )
11 - 10
PRIMARY TENSION REINFORCEMENT
CLOSED
PRIMARY
As STIRRUP
CASE 2
REINFORCEMENT
(mm ) 2 Ah LOCATION
(mm )
2
(mm ) (mm)
2 1
As A vf + A n Ah = A vf 2
3 3 d
1 A s = 298 3
As
2
(315 ) + 88 298 Ah =
1
(315 ) = 105 247
3 3
A s A f + An
2 A s = 228
A s 140 + 88 228
A h = 105 mm2
As 298
= = = 0.00402 > min = 0.00249 OK
bd 200 370
A h = 210 mm2
CORBEL REINFORCEMENT
As Ah
2 2
(mm ) (mm )
1 1 1 1
A s = 3 D2 = 3 162 = 603 A s = 3 2 D2 = 3 2 102 = 471
4 4 4 4
11 - 11
SKETCH OF REINFORCEMENT
3D16
247
2 LEGS 10
11 - 12