The Internet has brought the people of the world together in an unprecedented way.

It has not only

revolutionized the way the people communicate with each other but also has created new avenues for
sustainable growth and development of the society. One such innovative application of its fundamentals
which is changing the world around us is the Internet of Things (IoT).

IoT has been defined by Gartner as the network of physical objects that contain embedded technology
to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or the external environment.[1] The
Things here are special purpose devices fitted with electronics, software, sensors, actuators etc. and
connected with each other through a network in the backend. The devices are not general-purpose
devices like PCs and smartphones. IoT enables data collection through these devices which could either
be used to automate certain activities or to enhance the decision-making process through the analytics
of the collected data in myriad fields never thought before. There could be numerous uses of such a
technology and the implementation of IoT has gathered much pace in recent times, with IoT being
considered something even bigger than the Internet itself. It is estimated that by 2020, the IoT networks
would consist of more than 20 billion devices deployed, transforming many enterprises into digital
businesses. Like any technology, the adoption and proper utilization of IoT would make any process
more efficient with higher service levels, leading to cost saving as compared to traditional models of
accomplishing it while bringing better values to the stakeholders and improving the overall process.

One of the critical and high impact areas where IoT is being employed along with ICT (information and
communication technology) is in transforming a city into a Smart City. While a smart city may be
uniquely defined by the several developmental characteristics of the region and needs and aspirations
of the people residing there, it is broadly accepted that a city is smart when investments in human and
social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel
sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources,
through participatory governance. [2] Smart city strategy has been adopted by many of the cities all over
the world. Some of the examples are New York, Glasgow, Ontario, Taipei, Barcelona, Singapore, Smart
Dublin etc. In spite of the fact that a smart city needs an implementation of the cutting-edge technology,
the focus of even developing countries like India has shifted towards deployment of such technology
for sustainable and inclusive development.

Smart Cities Mission: Smart cities in India

The concept of the smart city has captivated the imagination of many governments. The Indian
government launched 100 Smart Cities Mission on 25 June 2015. The project is to be implemented
over a five years duration from 2017 till 2022 and the government have allocated a fund of US$ 7.5
billion for this purpose. The entire process of the selection of the cities has been done on the basis of a
two-stage challenge where different cities had to compete with each other. The evaluation has been
done on the basis of various parameters like the past track record of the cities in the implementation of
JNNURM, self-financing capability, existing service levels, institutional systems and capacities, the
credibility of implementation, vision, mission, strategy, and evaluation of the proposal for the
implementation of the smart city plan. Overall 110 cities competed for 100 slots and finally, 98 cities
have been selected where the smart city concepts would be implemented in a phase-wise manner,
depending upon in which round of the challenge they were declared as winners.

The focus of the entire project is on the sustainable and inclusive development of the cities and the idea
is to look at compact areas, create a replicable model could be implemented in other cities.

The core infrastructure elements in a smart city would include: [3]

i. adequate water supply

 ii. assured electricity supply
iii. sanitation, including solid waste management
iv. efficient urban mobility and public transport
v. affordable housing, especially for the poor
vi. robust IT connectivity and digitalization
vii. good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation
viii. sustainable environment
ix. safety and security of citizens, particularly women
x. children and the elderly
xi. health and education

Figure 1. Illustrative list of applications of smart solutions for the project [3]

Apart from the applications, in Figure, the cities are free to add more applications as per their needs.
The strategic components of area-based development in Smart Cities Mission are:

i. City improvement (retrofitting) It aims in making an existing area of 500 acres or more,
identified jointly by the citizens and the City, more liveable and efficient through a large
number of smart applications. The existing structures would be kept intact and so the
strategy may get completed in a shorter period of time.
ii. City renewal (redevelopment) An area of more than 50 acres has to be identified jointly
by the ULBs (Urban Local Bodies) in collaboration with the citizens. The existing
structures are replaced and a new layout is created with a focus on the mixed land use,
smart applications, and high ground coverage. Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project in
Mumbai is one project where this strategy has been used.
 iii. City extension (green-field development) This strategy is to be deployed in the
previously vacant area of more than 250 acres. These are mainly to fulfill the needs of the
expanding population. It is very flexible and most of the smart solutions can be very easily
implemented. The GIFT city in Gujarat is an example of this.
iv. Pan-city development The existing city infrastructure are enhanced through the use of
selected smart solutions and thus leveraging the technology to improve the services like
traffic management, parking management, intelligent street lighting etc.

Jamshedpur: The journey towards Smart Steel city

Jamshedpur may have lost out on the opportunities offered by the Smart Cities Mission, mainly due to
its Tata Steel managed industrial town status, however, through the concerted efforts of JUSCO along
with other partners like Tata Communications, HP Enterprise, and Kernel Technologies, it may become
first smart city in the country at ground level.[4]

To provide the network backend to the IoT devices, Tata communications have deployed LoRa WAN-
based network in Jamshedpur through its partnership with HPE. This focus of this partnership is towards
deployment of the worlds largest LoRa network targetting 400 million people in the initial phase, under
the Smart Cities Mission by leveraging upon HPEs UIoT platform.[4] LoRa is a Low Power Wide Area
Network (LPWAN) specification promoted by the LoRa Alliance of which both HPE and Tata
Communications are members. This is a long-range network and it supports bi-directional
communication, mobility and localization services, which are critical parameters for IoT devices which
are mostly battery operated and hence they should be very power efficient. Moreover, its cost of
deployment and usage, and power requirement are low which works very well for a country like India,
where there is still lack of modern infrastructure when compared with the developed nations. HPEs
UIoT platform is quite flexible and it also supports devices that use cellular, radio, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

Under the smart city plan, JUSCO will be using more than 100000 sensors and gateways to digitize 15
infrastructure solutions which include street lights, utilities, and parking meters. All of this will be
managed by HPE UIoT platform and for this purpose, the worlds first LoRa WAN based Smart City
Command Center has been set up. This will not only enable to JUSCO in the implementation of Smart
applications for the city, improving the overall utility service quality and efficiency but will also enable
to better monetize the services that it provides. The project is currently underway and is estimated to
get complete by 2018-19.[4]

Application of IoT in Smart City plan at Jamshedpur

IoT enabled smart devices have been deployed to improve the efficacy, efficiency and service level of
the various utility services provided by JUSCO. Some of them are as given below:

i. Smart Manhole Monitoring System:

 Figure 2. IoT device in manhole lid

Sensors are attached to the manhole lids and could be used for proactive remote monitoring of the
sewage network. It can be used to prevent any blockage which may happen in the sewage pipelines.
The project is already underway in a small part of the city and will be extended further soon in other
areas.

Figure 3. Remote monitoring of sewage system

ii. Digital Dustbins

The sensors attached in the dustbins helps in monitoring the level till which any bin is full. Waste
collection will happen only when the amount of garbage reaches a certain level. It not only saves costs
for JUSCO by reducing the number of people which should be employed for garbage collection but also
helps in reaching out the places on priority basis where garbage collection is really needed and thus
improves the overall service levels.

Figure 4. IoT based device to check available garbage bin capacity

Th pilot project has been successful and JUSCO plans to implement in 350 additional bins in future.

Figure 5. Remote monitoring of garbage bins

iii. Smart Parking Solutions

Major parking areas have been fitted with sensors which track and report the availability of parking
space. The vacant parking spot could be located through a dashboard. It saves time for the citizens as
they do not need to search for vacant parking spots. Smart allocation of parking spot also helps in cost
saving for JUSCO as it does not to deploy workforce for assisting citizens while they look for parking
spots. It has potential to reduce illegal parking and helps in efficient utilization of available parking
space

Figure 6. IoT based parking meters and parking spot availability monitoring systems

Figure 7. Available parking spot guidance dashboard

iv. Workforce Tracking System For better and efficient utilization and planning and
deployment of the workforces, JUSCO has been using IoT based workforce monitoring
system
 Figure 8. IoT based smart employee location detection and monitoring system

Further JUSCO has planned to bring its contractual employees also under its ambit in future.

v. Streetlight Monitoring System

JUSCO estimated that around 20% of the electricity supplied to the city was being consumed by the
street lighting itself. Replacing the High Power Sodium Vapour lamps by LEDs is not enough. Through
the use of IoT based solutions, JUSCO has implemented intelligent street lighting systems which could
be turned on or off remotely, could intelligently vary its luminescence depending on the available
natural light or could automatically turn on/off depending on the traffic in the nighttime. Also, sensors
have been deployed to remotely check if the street light is working or not. This enables JUSCO to
promptly monitor and replace the non-functioning street-lights. JUSCO has planned to retrofit all the
existing streetlights with smart IoT based sensors and drivers.
 Figure 9. IoT based smart streetlights in operation in Jamshedpur

Figure 10. Remote operating and monitoring streetlighting system

vi. Lake/Pond/Swimming-pool Water Quality Monitoring System

JUSCO has deployed sensors to measure pH, chlorine levels, dissolved oxygen, temperature and some
other important parameters of to measure the health of different water bodies including swimming pools
in its administrative area. This has not only enabled better and efficient monitoring of these water-
bodies but also is a considerable cost saving for JUSCO vis--vis manual procedures. Also, JUSCO
plans to integrate smart IoT based automated aerators in future.
 Figure 11. pH and water quality detectors deployed by JUSCO

Figure 12. Remote water body monitoring system at JUSCO

vii. Transformer Monitoring System

Transformer health monitoring and quick replacement of faulty transformers are of utmost importance
if the 24X7 power supply is to be achieved. JUSCO has implemented smart IoT based continuous
transformer monitoring systems. The data thus obtained could be analyzed to better time the preventive
maintenance and to plan better load distribution. Also, those transformers which are not working
properly or are already dead could be replaced easily and promptly. JUSCO has plans to implement it
horizontally across all the distribution transformers across its administrative area.

Figure 12. Illustrative figure showing various aspects covered by transformer monitoring system

Figure 13. Load Vs. Temperature monitoring dashboard for transformers

 Figure 14. Remote monitoring of various transformer health parameters at JUSCO

viii. Intrusion Detection System

JUSCO has planned to implement remote surveillance and security system across all the vital
installations and prohibited areas to save the cost of deployment of security personnel for the same.
These IoT based solutions could also be used in identification and tracking of habitual lawbreakers and
criminal.

Figure 15. Surveillance and intrusion detection systems deployed by JUSCO at Jamshedpur

ix. Water Tower and Supply Network Monitoring

JUSCOs implementation of smart IoT based water towering monitoring systems has potential to save
around 30% of water. Also, there are projects in the pipeline to implement eater leakage detection
systems, automated water meter reading systems and automation of water treatment plants using LoRa
based devices.

Figure 16. Water tank level remote monitoring IoT device and dashboard

Figure 17. Remote monitoring of water level in various water storage tanks at Jamshedpur

The strong resolute of the entire Tata group of companies and JUSCO in particular towards the benefit
and upliftment of the society is very well exemplified through this first of its kind Smart city initiative
at Jamshedpur. JUSCO has been pionner in developing integrated smart city solutions and has been
recepient of various national and internation awards for its initiatives in this direction. [5][6]

References

1. http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/internet-of-things/
2. https://inta-aivn.org/images/cc/Urbanism/background%20documents/01_03_Nijkamp.pdf
3. http://smartcities.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/What%20is%20Smart%20City.pdf
4. https://news.hpe.com/from-steel-city-to-smart-city/
5. http://www.tata.com/company/releasesinside/jusco-two-awards-cmo-asia-smart-cities-
awards-2017
6. http://www.tata.com/company/releasesinside/jusco-smart-cities-india-award-2016