REVIEW PROBLEMS (use ag = 9.

8 m/s^2)

1. At the instant when the traffic light turns green, an automobile starts with a constant acceleration
of 1.8 m/s2. At the same instant a truck travelling with a constant speed of 8.5 m/s overtakes and
passes the automobile.
(a) How far beyond the starting point will the automobile overtake the truck? (80m)
(b) How fast will the car be travelling at that instant? (17 m/s)

2. A subway train starts from rest at a station and accelerates at the rate of 2.0 m/s2 for 10 s. It runs
at a constant speed for 30 s, and then decelerates at 2.4 m/s2 until it stops at the next station. Find
the total distance between the stations and the average speed of the train. (783m; 16 m/s)

3. A boy in a wagon starts down a hill 90 m long with an initial velocity of 1.2 m/s, reaching the
bottom of the hill in 0.50 min. Calculate his acceleration (assumed to be uniform) and his velocity
at the bottom of the hill. (0.12 m/s^2; 4.8 m/s)

4. A stone is dropped into the water from a bridge 44 m above the water. Another stone is thrown
vertically downward 1.0 s after the first was dropped. Both stones strike the water at the same
time. What was the initial velocity of the second stone? (12 m/s)

5. A man walks 600 m [E47N], then 500 m [N38W], then 300 m [W29S], and finally 400 m
[S13E]. Find his resultant displacement. (306 m [N13W])

6. A boat travelling at 3.0 m/s through the water keeps its bow pointing north across a stream that
flows west at 5.0 m/s. What is the resultant velocity of the boat with respect to the shore? (5.8 m/s
[N59W])

7. The navigator of an airplane plans a flight from one airport to another 1200 km away, in one
direction 30 east of north. The weather office informs him of a prevailing wind from the west, of
80 km/h. The pilot wants to maintain an air speed of 300 km/h.
(a) What heading should the navigator give the pilot? ([N17E])
(b) How long will the flight take? (3.6 h)

8. Two boys are at point X on one side of a river, 40 m wide and having a current of 1.0 m/s,
flowing as shown. Simultaneously, they dive into the water in an attempt to reach point Y, directly
opposite X. Both swim at 2.0 m/s relative to the water, but one directs himself so that his net
motion corresponds to XY, while the other keeps his body perpendicular to the current and
consequently lands at point Z. After landing, he runs along the shore to point Y at a speed of 6.0
m/s. Which boy arrives at Y first, and by how much time does he beat the other? (Boy 1 t = 23.1s;
Boy 2 t = 23.3s)

9. A pilot wishes to make a flight of 300 km [NE] in 45 min. On checking with the meteorological
office, she finds that there will be a wind of 80 km/h from the north for the entire flight. What
heading and airspeed must she use for the flight?
(460 km/h [E 52N])

10. A small boy pulls his wagon, of mass 24 kg, giving it a horizontal acceleration of 1.5 m/s 2. If the
wagons handle makes an angle of 40 with the ground while the boy is pulling on it, and there is
a frictional force of 6.0 N opposing the wagons motion, with what force is he pulling on the
handle of the wagon? (54.8 N)
11. Forces of 2.0 N and 1.0 N act on an object of mass 5.0 kg, as shown in the diagram.
(a) Calculate the net force acting on the object. (1.7 n[E30N]
(b) What is the acceleration of the object?

12. An elevator, complete with contents, has a mass of 2000 kg. By drawing free-body diagrams and
by performing the necessary calculations, determine the value of T (the tension in the elevator
cable) in the following:
(a) when the elevator is at rest (19 600 N)
(b) when the elevator is moving toward at a constant velocity of 2.0 m/s (19 600 N)
(c) when the elevator is moving downward at a constant velocity of 2.0 m/s (19 600 N)
(d) when the elevator is accelerating upward at 1.0 m/s 2 (21 600 N)
(e) when the elevator is accelerating downward at 1.0 m/s 2 (17 600 N)

13. A 2.0 kg mass, placed on a smooth, level table, is attached by a light string passing over a
frictionless pulley to a 5.0 kg mass hanging freely over the edge of the table, as illustrated.
Calculate
(a) the tension in the string (14 N)
(b) the acceleration of the 2.0 kg mass. (7.0 m/s^2)

14. A boy on a toboggan is sliding down a snow-covered hillside. The boy and toboggan together
have a mass of 50 kg, and the slope is at an angle of 30 to the horizontal. Find the boys
acceleration considering the following.
(a) if there is no friction (4.9 m/s^2)
(b) if the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.15 (3.6 m/s^2)
15. Jane wishes to quickly scale a slender vine to visit Tarzan in his treetop hut. The vine is known to
safely support the combined weight of Tarzan, Jane, and Cheetah. Tarzan has twice the mass of
Jane, who has twice the mass of Cheetah. If the vine is 60 m long, what minimum time should
Jane allow for the climb? (2.2 s)

16. What is the acceleration of the system illustrated, if the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20?
Assume that it starts. (1.6 m/s^2)

17. A 0.5 kg wooden block is placed on top of a 1.0 kg wooden block. The coefficient of static
friction between the two blocks is 0.35. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the lower
block and the level table is 0.20. What is the maximum horizontal force that can be applied to the
lower block without the upper block slipping? (8.1N)

18. An object is projected horizontally with a velocity of 30 m/s. It takes 4.0 s to reach the ground.
Neglecting air resistance, determine the following.
(a) the height at which the object was projected (78 m)
(b) the magnitude of the resultant velocity, just before the object strikes the ground
(49 m/s)

19.A cannonball shot horizontally from the top of a cliff with an initial velocity of 425 m/s is aimed
towards a schooner on the ocean below. If the cliff is 78 m above the ocean surface, calculate the
following:
(a) the time for the cannonball to reach the water (4.0 s)
(b) the horizontal displacement of the cannonball (1700 m)
 (c) the velocity of the cannonball just before it strikes the water (427 m/s [5.3 below hor]

20. A cannonball is fired with a velocity of 100 m/s at 25 above the horizontal. Determine how far
away it lands on level ground. (779 m)

21. A bomber, diving at an angle of 53 with the vertical, releases a bomb at an altitude of 730 m. The
bomb hits the ground 5.0 s after being released.
(a) What was the velocity of the bomber? (202 m/s)
(b) How far did the bomb travel horizontally during its flight? (806 m)
(c) What were the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity just before striking the
ground? (161m/s; 171 m/s)

22. An artillery gun is fired so that its shell has a vertical component of a velocity of 210 m/s and a
horizontal component of 360 m/s. If the target is at the same level as the gun, and air friction is
neglected,
(a) how long will the shell stay in the air?
(b) how far down-range will the shell hit the target?

23. A baseball, thrown from shortstop position to first base, travels 32 m horizontally, rises 3.0 mm,
and falls 3.0 m. Find the initial velocity of the ball.

24. A player kicks a football with an initial velocity of 15 m/s at an angle of 42 above the horizontal. A
second player standing at a distance of 30 m from the first, in the direction of the kick, starts
running to meet the ball at the instant it is kicked. How fast must he run in order to catch the ball
before it hits the ground?

34. A spaceship passes you at a speed of 0.90 c, and you measure its length to be 50 m.
what is its measured length when at rest? (1.1 x 10 2 m)

35. A K+ meson hhas an average rest lifetime of 1.0 x 10 -8 s. How fast must it be
moving to double its average lifetime? (2.6 x 10 -8 m/s)

36. A spaceship goes past a planet at a speed of 0.80 c. An observer on the planet
measures the length of the moving spaceship as 40 m. He also says that his planet
has a diameter of
2.0 x 106 m.

a. How long does the woman on the spaceship measure the ship to be? (67 m)
b. What does the woman on the spaceship measure the diameter of the planet to
be? (1.2 x 106 m)
c. According to the man on the planet, the spaceship takes 8.0 s to reach the
next planet in his solar system. How long would the woman on the spaceship
say it took? (4.8 s)
final exam review part II

1. What is the gravitational attraction between two basketballs, each with a mass of 0.65 kg, that are
1.0 m apart? 2.8 x 10^-11 N
2. Mars has a radius 0.54 times that of Earth and a mass 0.11 times that of Earth. If the force of
gravity on your mass is 600 N on Earth, what will it be on Mars?226 N
3. Calculate the gravitational attraction between a proton of mass 1.67 1027 kg and an electron of
mass 9.11 1031 kg if they are 5 1011 m apart (as they are in a normal hydrogen atom). (4.0 x
10^-47 N)

Object Mass Radius of Period of Mean Radius Period of Kepler

(kg) Object Rotation of Orbit Revolution Constant
(m) on Axis (s) of Orbit R3/T2
(s) (s) (m3/s2)
Sun

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Pluto

Moon

4. It can be assumed that Earth, to a good approximation, moves in a circular orbit about the Sun.
Using only the data for Earths orbit from the table above, determine the following.
(a) the speed of Earth (29600 m/s)
(b) the mass of the Sun (1.5 x 10 ^30 N)
5. A lunar lander is to be placed in orbit around the moon at a mean altitude of 100 km. What will be
the period of the lunar lander? Use the above chart as a reference. (7090 s)
6. A bullet travelling at 900 m/s has a momentum of 4.5 kg m/s. What is its mass? (.005 kg)
7. What is the impulse given to a golf ball by a club if they are in contact for 0.0050 s, during which
the club exerts an average force of 500 N on the ball? (2.5 Ns [forward]
8. A 5000 kg boxcar moving at 5.2 m/s on a level, frictionless track, runs into a stationary 8000 kg
tank car. If they hook together in the collision, how fast will they be moving afterward? (2.0 m/s
[forward])
9. A 75 kg girl running at 3.0 m/s jumps onto a sled that has a mass of 10 kg and that is already
moving in the same direction as the girl, at 2.0 m/s. What will be the final velocity of the girl and
the sled, assuming that the sled is on level snow and that there is no friction? (The velocities are
relative to Earth.) (2.9 m/s [forward]
10. A 25 kg object moving with a velocity of 3.0 m/s to the right collides with a 15 kg object moving
to the left at 6.0 m/s. Find the velocity of the 25 kg object after the collision, if the 15 kg object
does the following.
(a) continues to move to the left but at only 0.30 m/s (0.42 m/s [left])
(b) rebounds to the right at 0.45 m/s (0.87 m/s [left])
(c) sticks together with the 25 kg object 0.38 m/s [left])
(The velocities are relative to Earth.)
11. The diagram below shows two identical billiard balls before and after a glancing collision.

Draw a vector diagram for the collision, and determine the speed of ball 1 after the collision. (8.7
cm/s)
12. A 45 kg boy is running at 4.0 m/s when he jumps onto a 15 kg sled, at rest on a frozen lake. What
is the velocity of the boy and sled, if he hangs on? (3.0 m/s)
13. A stationary Volkswagen Beetle of mass 1.0 103 kg is rammed from behind by a Ford Escort of
mass 1.2 103 kg, travelling at 20 m/s on an icy road. If they lock bumpers in the collision, how
fast will the pair move forward? (11 m/s)
14. A spring whose force constant is 48 N/m has a 0.25 kg mass suspended from it. What is the
extension of the spring? (0.050 m)
15. A block of mass 2.5 kg is sliding across a smooth, level surface at 3.0 m/s when it hits a
stationary spring bumper, fixed at one end as shown, whose force constant is 360 N/m. By what
amount does the block compress the spring, before coming to rest? (-0.25 m)

16. A 2.5 kg roast of beef is suspended from a vertical spring in a butchers scale whose force
constant is 200 N/m.
(a) What is the extension of the spring? (0.12 m)
(b) How much energy is stored in the spring? (1.5J)

17. Red light with a wavelength of 650 nm travels from air into glass (n = 1.51).
(a) What will its velocity be in the glass? (1.99 x 10^8 m/s)
(b) What will its wavelength be in the glass? (430 nm)
18. At what angle will 750 nm light produce a second minimum if the single-slit width is 2.0 m? (49
degrees)
19. A student doing Youngs experiment measures a distance of 6.0 cm between the first and seventh
nodal points on a screen located 3.0 m from the slit plate.
(a) If the slit separation is 220 m, what is the wavelength of the light being used? (7.3 x 10^-7
m)
(b) What is the colour of the light? (red)
20. In an interference experiment, red light with a wavelength of 6.0 107 m passes through a
double slit. On a screen 1.5 m away, the distance between the 1st and 11th dark bands is 2.0 cm.
(a) What was the separation of the slits? (4.5 x 10^-4 m)
(b) What would the spacing be, between adjacent nodal lines, if blue light were used
(blue = 4.5 107 m)? (1.5 x 10^-3 m)
21. If 600 nm light falls on a single slit 1.5 102 mm wide, what is the angular width of the central
maximum? (4.6 degrees)
22. The electrostatic force between two small charged objects is 5.0 105 N. What effect would each
of the following changes have on the magnitude of this force, considered separately?
(a) The distance between the charges is doubled. 1.3 x 10^-5 N)
(b) The charge on one object is tripled, while the charge on the other is halved. (7.5 x 10^-5 N)
(c) Both of the above changes occur simultaneously. (1.9 x 10^-5N)
23. What is the force of repulsion between two small spheres 1.0 m apart, if each has a charge of
1.0 1012 C? (9.0 x 10 ^-15N)

24. At a certain point between Earth and the Moon the total gravitational force exerted on an object
by Earth and the Moon is zero. If the EarthMoon distance is 3.84 105 km and the Moon has
1.2% of the mass of Earth, where is this point located? Are there any other such points? (3.4 x
10^8 m; For the second point, at 4.3 x 10^8m on the far side of the moon, te forces are equal but
they point in the same direction and do not sum to zero. Therefore it is not applicable)
25. Four masses are located on a plane as illustrated. What is the magnitude of the net gravitational
force on mass 1 due to the other three masses? (6.8 x 10^-10 N [along the diagonal])

26. A bomb initially at rest on a smooth, horizontal surface is exploded into three pieces. Two pieces
fly off horizontally at a 60 angle to each other, a 2.0 kg piece at 20 m/s and a 3.0 kg piece at 12
m/s. The third piece flies off horizontally at 30 m/s.
(a) Determine the direction of motion of the third piece. (66 kg m/s [W 28 degrees S])
(b) What is its mass? (2.2 kg)
27. A nucleus, initially at rest, decays radioactively. In the process, it emits an electron horizontally to
the east, with momentum 9.0 1021 kgm/s and a neutrino horizontally to the south, with
momentum 4.8 1021 kgm/s.
 (a) In what direction does the residual nucleus move? (28 degrees)
(b) What is the magnitude of its momentum? (1.02 x 10 ^-20 kg m/s)
(c) If the mass of the residual nucleus is 3.6 1025 kg, what is its recoil velocity? (2.8 x 10^4 m/s
[W28 degrees N])
28. A 4.0 kg ball moving to the right at 5.0 m/s collides head-on with a 2.0 kg ball moving to the left
at 4.0 m/s. If the collision is elastic, determine the direction and speed of each ball after the
collision. (v1 = -1.0 m/s; v2 = 8.0 m/s)

Fixed frame of reference

29. A 2.0 kg trolley moving east at 3.0 m/s collides head-on with a 1.0 kg trolley moving west at 2.0
m/s. After the collision, the 2.0 kg trolley has a velocity of 1.0 m/s [E].
(a) What is the final velocity of the 1.0 kg trolley? (2.0 m/s [E])
(b) Is the collision elastic or inelastic?
30. Two air track gliders of mass 300 g and 200 g are moving towards each other in opposite
directions with speeds of 50 cm/s and 100 cm/s, respectively. Take the direction of the more
massive glider as positive.
(a) If the collision is elastic, find the velocity of each glider after the collision.
(b) The most inelastic collision would occur if the two gliders stuck together on impact. If this
were the case, find the velocity of the pair after the collision and the kinetic energy lost as a result
of the collision.
31. A 60 kg person jumps from a platform onto a trampoline 10 m below, stretching it 1.0 m from its
initial position. Assuming that the trampoline behaves like a simple elastic spring, how much will
it stretch if the same person jumps from a height of 20 m? (1.4 m)
32. Light with a wavelength of 670 nm passes through a slit with a width of 12 m. Viewed on the
screen, 30 cm away,
(a) How wide is the central maximum in (i) degrees and (ii) centimetres? (6.4 degrees; 3.4 cm)
(b) What is the separation of adjacent minima (excluding the pair on either side of the central
maximum)? ((1.7 cm)
33. A student measuring the wavelength produced by a sodium vapour lamp directed the sodium light
through two slits with a separation of 0.15 mm. An interference pattern was created on the screen,
3.0 m away. The student found that the distance between the first and the eighth consecutive dark
lines was 8.0 cm. What was the wavelength of the light emitted by the sodium vapour lamp? (570
nm)