IELTS Listening Actual Test Volume 2, Test 12, Section 4

Section 4
Questions 31- 40
human (also human being) a person rather than an animal or a machine
Dogs can hear much better than humans.
That is no way to treat another human being.
likely adj probable or expected
the most likely outcome a likely scenario
likely (to do something) Tickets are likely to be expensive.
likely (that) It's more than likely that the thieves don't know how much it
is worth.
31 attack
reptile any animal that has cold blood and skin covered in scales, and that lays
eggs. Snakes, crocodiles and tortoises are all reptiles.
32 mammals 33 breathe 34 on edge
constantly adv all the time; repeatedly
Fashion is constantly changing.
Heat the sauce, stirring constantly.
be on edge to be nervous, excited or bad-tempered
numerous adj (formal) existing in large numbers
SYNONYM MANY
He has been late on numerous occasions.
The advantages of this system are too numerous to mention.
predator U C an animal that kills and eats other animals
Some animals have no natural predators.
the relationship between predator and prey
35 bones
delicate adj easily damaged or broken
SYNONYM FRAGILE delicate china teacups
The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.
potential adj [only before noun] that can develop into something or be developed
in the futureS
SYNONYM POSSIBLE potential customers
a potential source of conflict
the potential benefits of European integration
encounter something to experience something, especially something unpleasant or
difficult, while you are trying to do something else
SYNONYM MEET, RUN INTO
We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week.
I had never encountered such resistance before.
36 sleeping problems 37 memories 38 learning
pattern the regular way in which something happens or is done
changing patterns of behaviour
 an irregular sleeping pattern
39 rats
physiology [uncountable] the scientific study of the normal functions of living
things / sinh l hc; chc nng sinh l (cc hot ng ca c th mt sinh vt ring
bit)
the department of anatomy and physiology
40 genetic structure
fruit fly a small fly that eats plants that are decaying, especially fruit
Script
Of all the biological process ... Its even worse for animals ... reasons for their ways of
rest.
fatal adj causing or ending in death
a fatal accident/blow/illness
a potentially fatal form of cancer
predator U C an animal that kills and eats other animals
Some animals have no natural predators.
the relationship between predator and prey
capable adj having the ability or qualities necessary for doing something
capable of something You are capable of better work than this.
capable of doing something He's quite capable of lying to get out of
trouble.
the case [singular] case (that) the true situation
If that is the case (= if the situation described is true), we need more staff.
It is simply not the case that prison conditions are improving.
potential adj [only before noun] that can develop into something or be developed
in the futureS
SYNONYM POSSIBLE potential customers
a potential source of conflict
the potential benefits of European integration
encounter something to experience something, especially something unpleasant or
difficult, while you are trying to do something else
SYNONYM MEET, RUN INTO
We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week.
I had never encountered such resistance before.
marine adj [only before noun] connected with the sea and the creatures and plants
that live there
marine life
a marine biologist (= a scientist who studies life in the sea)
... must float to the surface as it sleeps ... to maintain some amount of consciouness
required to breathe and ... for possible threats ... in slow-wave sleep.
awake adj [not before noun] not asleep (especially immediately before or after
sleeping)
to be half/fully awake to be wide awake (= fully awake)
He lies awake at night worrying about his job.
 maintain something to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc.
SYNONYM PRESERVE
to maintain law and order/standards/a balance
The two countries have always maintained close relations.
consciousness the state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to
understand what is happening
I can't remember any moreI must have lost consciousness.
She did not regain consciousness and died the next day.
watch out for sb/sth to make an effort to be aware of what is happening, so that
you will notice if anything bad or unusual happens
The cashiers were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.
hemisphere either half of the brain
the left/right cerebral hemisphere
the left hemisphere of the brain
pattern the regular way in which something happens or is done
changing patterns of behaviour
an irregular sleeping pattern
mostly adv mainly; generally
The sauce is mostly cream.
We're mostly out on Sundays.
constantly adv all the time; repeatedly
Fashion is constantly changing.
Heat the sauce, stirring constantly.
be on edge to be nervous, excited or bad-tempered
numerous adj (formal) existing in large numbers
SYNONYM MANY
He has been late on numerous occasions.
The advantages of this system are too numerous to mention.
predator U C an animal that kills and eats other animals
Some animals have no natural predators.
the relationship between predator and prey
They usually sleep quite lightly for example, Swaisons Thrush, also called Olive-
backed Thrush, is a medium-sized thrush that ... migratory birds tend to function
well on micro- naps.
lightly adv to a small degree; not much
It began to snow lightly.
She tended to sleep lightly nowadays (= it was easy to disturb her).
thrush [countable] a bird with a brown back and brown spots on its chest
a song thrush
nap [countable] a short sleep, especially during the day
SYNONYM SNOOZE
to take/have a nap
I had a short nap after lunch.
migratory adj (specialist) connected with, or having the habit of, regular migration
 migratory flights/birds
micro- (in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) small; on a small scale
microchip microorganism
... do most of their sleeping standing up ... sleeping upright as a defense mechanism ...
in a constant state of readiness to race away ...
upright adv in or into a vertical position
She sat upright in bed.
He managed to pull himself upright.
mechanism a system of parts in a living thing that together perform a particular
function
the balance mechanism in the ears
Pain acts as a natural defence mechanism.
predator U C an animal that kills and eats other animals
Some animals have no natural predators.
the relationship between predator and prey
constant adj [usually before noun] happening all the time or repeatedly
constant interruptions
a constant stream of visitors all day
race [intransitive, transitive] to move very fast; to move somebody/something very
fast
+ adv./prep. He raced up the stairs.
race somebody/something + adv./prep. The injured man was raced to the
hospital.
... heavy animals with big muscles ...
delicate adj easily damaged or broken
SYNONYM FRAGILE delicate china teacups
The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.
Dr. John Hedricks and Adrian Morrison from the Shool of Veterinary Medicine ...
determined that certain diseases were primarily associated with the sleep states in
animals.
veterinary adj [only before noun] connected with caring for the health of animals
veterinary medicine/science
primarily adv mainly
SYNONYM CHIEFLY
a course designed primarily for specialists
The problem is not primarily a financial one.
... because so much in this area are still remains unclear, animal models were very
important for studies of sleep disorders. The physiology of ...
sleep disorder a medical problem that prevents a person from sleeping
normally
physiology [uncountable] the scientific study of the normal functions of living
things / sinh l hc; chc nng sinh l (cc hot ng ca c th mt sinh vt ring
bit)
the department of anatomy and physiology
Researchers and scientists believe that it helps us to organize our memories of the day
... as a kind of filing systems for the brain ... leads to increased likelihood of accidents
and a tendency to say and do bizarre things.
human (also human being) a person rather than an animal or a machine
Dogs can hear much better than humans.
That is no way to treat another human being.
filing system the way that documents and files are organized, on a computer or in
an office
Without money to invest in technology improvements,
the agency continued to rely on a paper-based filing system from the pre-
computer age.
online/electronic filing system
disorderly adj [usually before noun] (formal) (of people or behaviour) showing
lack of control; publicly violent or noisy
disorderly conduct
They were arrested for being drunk and disorderly.
confused adj unable to think clearly or to understand what is happening or what
somebody is saying
People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.
He was depressed and in a confused state of mind.
likelihood [uncountable, singular] the chance of something happening; how likely
something is to happen
SYNONYM PROBABILITY
There is very little likelihood of that happening.
In all likelihood (= very probably) the meeting will be cancelled.
The likelihood is that (= it is likely that) unemployment figures will
continue to fall.
bizarre adj very strange or unusual
SYNONYM WEIRD a bizarre situation/incident/story
bizarre behaviour
... plays a key role in learning ... can integrate new knowledge and new associations ...
integrate [intransitive, transitive] to combine two or more things so that they work
together; to combine with something else in this way / kt hp ci g n hon
ton tr thnh mt b phn ca mt ci khc; hp nht; ho nhp
integrate into/with something These programs will integrate with your
existing software.
integrate A (into/with B) | integrate A and B These programs can be
integrated with your existing software.
association [countable, usually plural] an idea or a memory that is suggested by
somebody/something; a mental connection between ideas
The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays
for me.
The cat soon made the association between human beings and food.
pattern the regular way in which something happens or is done
 changing patterns of behaviour
an irregular sleeping pattern
physiology [uncountable] the scientific study of the normal functions of living
things / sinh l hc; chc nng sinh l (cc hot ng ca c th mt sinh vt ring
bit)
the department of anatomy and physiology
... found the sleep-deprived rats could hardly ...to recognize pictures of various
Parisian landmarks ... below a picture of the Louvre would result in food being
released and so forth.
-deprived suffering from a lack of the thing mentioned
The American adult population is chronically sleep-deprived.
This movie is seriously humour-deprived.
Parisian adj from, belonging to, or relating to the city of Paris in France
She's got that Parisian chic.
landmark something, such as a large building, that you can see clearly from a
distance and that will help you to know where you are
The Empire State Building is a familiar landmark on the New York skyline
release something to stop holding something or stop it from being held so that it
can move, fly, fall, etc. Freely
SYNONYM LET GO, LET LOOSE
He refused to release her arm.
10000 balloons were released at the ceremony.
and so forth, and so on (and so forth) used at the end of a list to show that it
continues in the same way
We discussed everythingwhen to go, what to see and so on.
deprive sb/sth of sth to prevent somebody from having or doing something,
especially something important
They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.
Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures?
seemingly adv (formal) according to what you have read or heard
SYNONYM APPARENTLY
Seemingly, he borrowed the money from the bank.
They were seemingly having an affair.
at random without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any
regular pattern
She opened the book at random (= not at any particular page) and started
reading.
The terrorists fired into the crowd at random.
fruit fly a small fly that eats plants that are decaying, especially fruit
... on spoiled fruit ...
organism (biology or formal) a living thing, especially one that is extremely small
Even the simplest, single-celled organisms show examples of this behaviour.
The cell is the unit of which all living organisms are composed.
practical adj connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theories
 to have gained practical experience of the work
practical advice/help/support practical problems
... fly and humam genes is so close that the sequences of newly discovered human
genes, including genes that show a susceptibility, can often be matched against their
fly counterparts.
sequence [countable] a set of events, actions, numbers, etc. which have a particular
order and which lead to a particular result
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
susceptibility (to something) [uncountable, singular] the state of being very likely
to be influenced, harmed or affected by something / tnh mn cm
susceptibility to disease
match sth against sth to compare something with something else in order to find
things that are the same or similar / ph hp vi
New information is matched against existing data in the computer.
counterpart a person or thing that has the same position or function as
somebody/something else in a different place or situation
The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart.
The women's shoe, like its male counterpart, is specifically designed for the
serious tennis player.
This provides an indication ...
indication U C a remark or sign that shows that something is happening or what
somebody is thinking or feeling
indication (of something) They gave no indication of how the work should
be done.
indication (of doing something) He shows every indication (= clear
signs) of wanting to accept the post.
indication (that) There are clear indications that the economy is
improving.