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K.Vasu Babu, Reasearch Scholor Prof. B.Anuradha Prof. k.Chandra bhushana rao
Electronics & communication Engineering Dept. of E.C.E Dept. of E.C.E
Sri Venkateswara University,Tirupati, Sri Venkateswara University JNTUK, Vizianagaram
Andhara Pradesh, India Andhara Pradesh, India Andhara Pradesh, India
vasubabuece@gmail.com anubhuma@yahoo.com cbraokota@yahoo.com
Abstract- The development and the employment of methods to input multiple output (MIMO) systems and radar
reduce the mutual coupling between the elements of a array applications such as spatial tracking. Accordingly, the
antennas is become a hot topic in the design of array antennas. introduction of a EBG structure "In an antenna array"
The use of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures is a reduces the inter-elementary spacing, however, the integrity
good way to reduce the excitation of surface waves in
of each element is sacrificed as a direct consequence. In [7]
geometries of printed antenna in order to alleviate the problem
of mutual coupling. This paper examines the performance of a and [3], of approximately 16 dB reduction of mutual
microstrip antenna integrated phased array in an EBG. A coupling is obtained by the insertion of several Defected
novel EBG array configuration is proposed, the bandgap ground structures (DGS), but the radiation of the rear lobe
characteristic of mushroom-like EBG has been studied, its has been increased due to the existence of the slots in the
spacing of characteristic band of the deletion of the surface ground plane. In this paper, we propose a new compact
wave is demonstrated by plotting the variations of the mushroom-like EBG configuration with a gap of band
transmission coefficient S12 with the frequency and scatter centerd to WLAN band 5.8 GHz. The phase of reflection of
diagram. The design of the antenna is verified by High the EBG surface varies continuously from 180o to -180o
Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS), the simulation HFSS
with the frequency, and near the resonance at high
results show that the design approach EBG is a good candidate
for a reduction of mutual coupling to certain frequencies impedance, a plane wave is reflected in phase ( 90o to -90o)
between elements of the radiator, which in turn increases the in [6] . The frequency band where the phase of reflection
directivity of the antenna. coefficient which is useful for the antennas to low profile
for achieving a good return loss is in the range of 90o 45o,
Keywords: Mutual coupling reduction, antenna arrays, instead of going out of phase, as on a surface of PEC and
Electromagnetic band gap structures(EBG), reflection phase, thus the surface EBG meets the PMC as a condition in this
Multiple input Multiple output (MIMO), Specific Absorption frequency band. The patch antenna has a size of 14x11.4
Rate (SAR) mm2, and the system of antennas resonated at a frequency of
5.8 GHz. A reduction of a mutual coupling approximately -
I.INTRODUCTION 47.23 dB has been reached when the EBG structures are
The differences in electromagnetic band gaps (EBGs) with used between the matrix of the elements which have been
their structures of periodic type has acquired a great deal of separated from 0.585.8 GHz (30mm), where 5.8GHz is the free
interest in academic and in the microwave RF industries due space wavelength at the antenna resonance frequency of
to their extraordinary the deletion of the surface wave 5.8GHz. The surface-wave deletion helps to improve the
property. The band - gap characteristics of the EBG are antenna's performance by increasing the antenna gain and
revealed in two ways. The repression of the propagation of a reducing back radiation [8]. Various EBG structures have
surface wave moves along the structure in the frequency been studied extensively in the last decade [11,1,15]. Linear
bands specified and is guided in a direction that is desirable array of microstrip antennas are popular candidates for
in forbidding the propagation of electromagnetic waves in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems and radar
certain frequency bands, and the reflection coefficient in applications such as spatial tracking. An important
phase [4]. Therefore, if the EBG structure is applied to the requirement for these applications is high integration
mobile phone antennas, the electromagnetic waves densities to utilize available substrate space efficiently. In
undesirable can be prevented [8] , and the frequency of the [7] and [3], about 16 dB reduction in mutual coupling is
band can be notched [2]. The deletion of the surface wave achieved by inserting multiple rectangular defected ground
contributes to improving the performance of antenna by structures (DGS), goal the back radiation lobe has been
increasing the antenna gain and the reduction of back increased because of the existence of the slots in the ground
radiation [8]. Various structures EBG have been studied plane. In this paper, we propose a novel compact
extensively in the last decade [11,1,15]. Linear array of mushroom-like EBG configuration with a band gap centered
microstrip antennas are popular candidates to entry multiple at WLAN 5.8GHz band. Information about the band gaps
are calculated from Ansoft, based on the algorithm of FEM
algorithm.
II. EBG STRUCTURES that the antenna resonate around 5.8 GHz. Although the
existence of the EBG structure has some effects on the input
The mushroom like EBG structure has been proposed for
matches of the antennas, all the antennas still have better
the first time in [9], it consists of four parts: a plan of
than -10 dB matches. Without the EBG structure, the
ground, a substrate dielectric, metal patches, and the
antenna shows a strong mutual coupling of -21 dB. If the
connection of vias. This structure EBG clearly from the stop
EBG structures are employed, the mutual coupling level
band of the propagation of surface waves. Fig.1 shows a
changes and the reduction of mutual coupling about 47.23
square unit cell of this mushroom-like structure used in the
dB at the resonance frequency has been achieved. In order
EBG proposed configuration. This structure presents
to use for MIMO applications, the mutual coupling should
interesting behavior in the microwave frequencies. The
be minimized to a low value as possible. It is clear that the
frequency of the forbidden band of the EBG structure can be
EBG structure helps in reducing mutual coupling thus
adjusted by changing the geometrical dimensions of each
providing good isolation between the two antenna elements
cell. In the present case, the resonant frequency of the
antenna is selected to 5.8 GHz. The design parameters of the
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
EBG structure are denominated in Fig. 1.
Fig.3 shows the simulated and measured directive gain of
the proposed antenna structure operated at a frequency of
5.8 GHz
XY Plot 11 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
7.00
Curve Info
DirTotal
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='0deg'
6.00 DirTotal
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='90deg'
5.00
4.00
DirTotal
3.00
2.00
0 Curve Info
rETotal
-30 30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='0deg'
20.00
rETotal
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
15.00 Freq='5.8GHz' Phi='90deg'
-60 60
10.00
5.00
-90 90
-120 120
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International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016
VSWR=1.35
VSWR(1)
-5.00
Name X Y
12.50
-7.50
m15.8-16.5
dB(S(1,1))
-10.00
m1
0.00 -12.50
4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00
Freq [GHz]
antenna shown in Fig.1. High frequency structure Fig.7. Return loss (S11) of the proposed antenna
simulator(HFSS) software base on Method of Moments
(MOM) is used to simulate the microstrip antennas. The
return loss(S11) of the proposed antenna with EBG structure
as shown in the fig.7. The field distribution of proposed
antenna consists of improvement in ecah field component
and surface current by integrated a Electromagnetic Band
gap structure (EBG) and by changinging the shape of the
proposed mcrostrip MIMO antenna using the application of
radars got good results compared to without using the EBG
structures. Fig.(8),(9) and (10) represents the the field
distribution of electeic & magnetic fields and surface
current distribution of the proposed antenna structure. The
quantum energy of radio frequency radiatonis so low the
radiation cannot ionizebiological materials like human
tissues. Thus the harmful biological effects of radio
frequency radiation are limited to those caused by the rise of
the temparatureof the tissues due to absorption of the RF
energy. It is essential to determine the absorption of the
energy per unit mass of tisa sue described with quantify Fig.8. Electric field representation of proposed antenna
called the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) which is shown
in Fig.12 and also represents the gain total of the proposed
antenna structure shown in Fig.11.
XY Plot 12 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
-30.00 Curve Info
dB(S(1,2))
Setup1 : Sw eep
-32.50
-35.00
-37.50
-40.00
dB(S(1,2))
-42.50
-45.00
m1
-47.50 Name X Y
-50.00
m1 5.8700 -47.2372
-52.50
4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00
Freq [GHz]
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International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016
REFERENCES
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