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.......................................................................................................................... 3
1. : ....... 6
1.1. . - ....................................................................... 6
1.2. ......................................................... 7
1.3. .
................................................................................................................................................ 10
2. . ...................... 14
2.1 .
................................................................................................................ 14
2.2. ........................................ 16
2.2.1. ..................................................................................... 16
2.2.2. ......................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.3. ...................................................... 19
2.3.

..................................................................................................................................................... 21
3............................................................................................................................ 26
3.1. ................................................. 26
3.2. ..................... 34
3.3. .............. 35
................................................................................................................... 37
........................................................................................................ 39

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38

1. .. //
XXI . 2004
2. .. : //
. - .: - . -, 1982.+
3. B.JI., ..
// .
. 1989+
4. .., .. //
. - 2006. - . 4. - 103-107.
5. .. . . .: . 2012. C.
11+
6. .. : . . .
1989
7. .. -
XX (
19061912 ). 2008
8. . .: . .
: . . , . . , . . , . . . 1983.
9. Hall, E. The Silent Language. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday. 1959
10. Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography. Ed. by Brian Goodall. Penguin Books,
Middlesex, 1987.
11. Sassen, Saskia - The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo.(1991) - Princeton
University Press.
12. Tuan, Yi-Fu. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. University of
Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1977.
13. Vaninha Vieira, Patricia Tedesco, Ana Carolina Salgado. Designing context-sensitive
systems: An integrated approach Original Research Article
Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 38, Issue 2, February 2011, P. 1119
14.
www.census.gov (15.03.2014)
15. -
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/ (15.03.2014)
16. -
http://www.nytimes.com (20.03.2014)

39
17.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/ (25.03.2014)
18. http://vnewyorke.com/rajony-nyu-jorka/ (15.03.2014)

40
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41
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42





5005001 G+I-N- C-D-L- 5000600 B+H+L- C+E+F-
5006800 G+I-N- C-H+L- 5000900 H+K+L- B-I-J+
5008700 G+I-N- B-D+E- 5002700 K+L-M+ B-C+I-
5017701 G+I-N- C-D+H+ 5004700 G-I+M- B-C+E+
5019700 B+G-I+ H-K-N+ 5009601 B+H-I+ D-E+F-

5020100 B+E-I+ D+F+L+ 5009602 B+I+M- C+E+L+


5025300 G+I-N- B-K-L- 5011201 B+I+L- D-J-N+

-
5027300 I-M-N- C+E-L- 5011401 B+C-H- E+G+L+
5032300 B+K+L- D-I-N- 5011402 B+C-I+ E+L+N-
5038500 G+I-N- B-H+K+ 5012806 B+I+M- E+L+N-
5042901 G+M-N- B-C-E+ 5013201 B+H-I+ D-E+L+
5043100 G+I-N- C+D-L+ 5014700 B+G-I+ F-K-L+
1001401 B-E+N+ G-I+L+ 5019700 B+G-I+ H-K-N+
1001501 C+E+N+ F-L-M+ 5020100 B+E-I+ D+F+L+
1002201 B-C+L- D-E-F+ 5020804 B+I+L- E-F-J-
1002202 C+E+K+ D-G-M- 5031901 B+E-N- I-J+L+
1004000 C+E+N+ B-F-I+ 5031902 B+H+K+ G+I-J+
1005000 D+E+N+ B-G-I+ 5032300 B+K+L- D-I-N-
1017100 D+E+N+ C-I+L-
1017401 B-D+E+ I-J+N-
1017700 E+F-N+ C-J+K-
1018100 E+F-N+ C-H-L-

1018500 D+E+N+ C-F-L+


1018900 J-K-L+ B-C+G+
1019702 E+F-N+ C-J+M-
1022102 E+F-K+ B+I-J+
1022301 B-L-M- E-F+N-
1022500 B-G+L- C-F+I-
1023100 B-E+N+ C-I-J+
1023300 B-D+L- C-J+N-
1023700 B-G+L- F+I-J+
1023900 D+E+H- B+C-J+
1024900 C-G-J- B-D+M-
1025300 B-C+G+ F+I-N-
1026500 J-L+N- B-C+E+
1030300 D+E+F- B+C-H-
1004001 E-G-J- D+H+L-
1018900 J-K-L+ B-C+G+

1024900 C-G-J- B-D+M-


1026500 J-L+N- B-C+E+
1085500 I-J-K- B-C+F-
1119100 B+E-J- C+G+L-

43
-

5000300 E+F-H+ B-C+E+


5000700 E+G+H+ B-G+J+
5001100 F+H+K+ B-H+J+
5001700 B+D+L- D+I-K-
5002100 G+K+L- B-D+G+
5002900 G+H+N- I-J+N-
5003600 D-K+L- D-F+N-
5005000 B+I+L- D+J-L-
5005900 B+I+N+ E+L+N+
5006400 B+C-L+ G+J+L+
5006700 B+H+I+ H+K-L+
5007000 B+G-I+ D-G-K+
5007400 B+I+K+ D+J-K+
5011202 B+I+K+ E-J-K+
5012100 B+H-I+ H-K-N+
5012200 B+C-I+ B+K-L+
5012804 B+I+K+ D-F+K+
5013203 B+I+L- C-F-I+
5013302 B+F+K+ F+I-J+
5013400 B+H-I+ F-H-L+
5014604 B+I+L- D+H-I+
5014606 B+I+L- D+H-L-
5014608 B+I+L- E-H-L-
5015100 B+I+J- E+I+L+
5015601 B+I+J- B+K-L+
5015602 B+I+J- I+L+N-
5016901 B+G-I+ F-G-L+
5017008 B+I+L- G-H-L-
5017011 B+I+L- D-H-L-
5017012 B+I+L- B+K-N-
5017300 B+C-G+ G+J+L+
5017700 B+I+M+ D-M+N+
5018701 B+D-I+ D-F-G-
5018702 B+D-G- D-K-L+
5018901 B+E-I+ B+J-L+
5019800 B+I+K+ E-K+L-
5020700 B+F+H+ F+I-J+
5020803 B+I+K+ E-K+L-
5021300 B+F+L- F+G+N-
5024700 B+C-H- H-I-J+
5025100 B+C-I+ I+J-K-
5027302 B+E-L- E-F+N+
5027702 B+L-M+ E+F-L-
5027706 B+G-L- K-L-N-
5029102 B+I+K+ F+H+K+
5029104 B+I+L- F-K-L-
5030301 B+H-L- F+H-K-

44
45

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