GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affilted

Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology

(Managed by Ankleshwar Rotary Education Society)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Gujarat & GTU Affiliated

A REPORT ON-
REVIEW ON OPTIMUM APPROACH TEMPERATURE IN HEAT
EXCHANGER NETWORKS

Under subject of

COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS SYNTHESIS (2170507)

B.E. semester- 7

(Chemical Engineering)

Submitted by:

ABHISHEK SHARMA (140990105001)

JINISH BAROT (140990105002)
HIT BHALODIYA (140990105003)

Mr. Krunal Suthar

(Faculty Guide)

Dr. Alok Gautam

(Head of the Department)

Academic year
(2017-2018)

1|Page
 Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology
(Managed by Ankleshwar Rotary Education Society)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Gujarat & GTU Affiliated
___________________________________________________________________________

Certificate
This is to certify that the report entitled REVIEW ON OPTIMUM APPROACH
TEMPERATURE IN HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORKS, being submitted by Abhishek
Sharma, Jinish Barot, Hit Bhalodiya of Chemical Engineering Department, have satisfactorily
completed his term work in Computer Aided Process Synthesis (2170507) . This project
work has been carried out under my guidance and supervision and it is up to my satisfaction.

Date:-

Place:-

Signature and Name of supervisor Signature and Name of HOD

Mr. Krunal Suthar Dr. Alok Gautam

2|Page
 INDEX
TITLE PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. CALCULATION OF THRESHOLD
APPROACH TEMPERATURE 4
3. OPTIMUM APPROACH
TEMPERATURE 8
4. GRAPHS
4.1. HCC & CCC (T=12.92 K) 6
HCC & CCC (T= 15 K)
4.2. 7
4.3. Cost vs Tmin 8
5. REFERENCES 9

3|Page
Introduction
The pinch approach temperature provides a limit to feasible heat recovery in a heat-
exchanger network design.Its properties were first described by Linnhoff and Flower (1978)
and Umeda et al. (1978).

The pinch divides a network into two parts: the hot end is above the pinch and requires only
utility heating; the cold end is below the pinch and requires only utility cooling. There is no
heat transfer across the pinch.

As the pinch approach temperature is varied, the utility consumption, the heat transfer area,
and possibly the structure of the network will vary. Therefore, in the synthesis of heat-
exchanger networks, one first needs to determine a suitable or initial optimal pinch approach
temperature.
Linnhoff and Hindmarsh (1983) searched for the optimal pinch approach temperature using
the pinch design method by costing several designs. Those methods are tedious and time-
consuming.

Calculation of Threshold Approach Temperature

In many cases the selected Tmin is such that no pinch exist and MER either calls for either
hot utility or cold utility to be used but not both. The critical Tmin below which no pinch
exist is referred as threshold approach temperature difference Tthres .

CASE STUDY:

4|Page
SOLUTION:
Let us first calculate pinch point for Tmin = 10 K using Temperarure Interval method.

Infeasible Feasible
Cascade Cascade
Hot Pinch 11.3 C
0 336.81 Cold Pinch 1.3 C
258.475 258.475
Min Hot
258.48 595.28 Utility 336.81 kW
Min Cold
-379.872 -379.872 Utility 0.0 kW
-121.4 215.41
0 0 SINGLE PINCH PROBLEM
-121.4 215.41
1492.769 1492.769 THRESHOLD PROBLEM
1371.4 1708.2
-703.685 -703.685
667.69 1004.5
-
-1004.5 1004.496
-
PINCH 336.81 0

No pinch exist at Tmin = 10 K and only hot ustility of 336.81 KW is required. So now let us
calculate for Tmin = 12.92 K

Infeasible Feasible
Cascade Cascade
Hot Pinch -58.31 C
0 337.07 Cold Pinch -71.23 C
196.863 196.863
Min Hot
196.86 533.93 Utility 337.07 kW
- Min Cold
-533.931 533.9312 Utility 0.26 kW
-
PINCH 337.07 0
0 0 PINCH REGION PROBLEM
-
PINCH 337.07 0
1492.769 1492.769
1155.7 1492.8
-703.685 -703.685
452.02 789.08
-
-788.825 788.8248
-
336.81 0.2592

5|Page
So for Tmin>= Tthres = 12.92 K two pinches exist. This is because the heat capacity flow
rates of streams H1 and H2 sum to the heat capacity flow rate of stream C1. Composite
heating and cooling curve for Tthres=Tmin=12.92 K is shown in the figure.

When Tmin= 15o C, at the first pinch the hot and cold streams temperature are 494.3K and
479.3K and at the second pinch the temperature are 477.5K and 462.5K. above the pinches,
steam provides 490.7 KW and below the pinches cooling water removes 153.89KW

Infeasible Feasible
Cascade Cascade
Hot Pinch -59.35 C
0 490.7 Cold Pinch -74.35 C
152.975 152.975
Min Hot
152.98 643.67 Utility 490.7 kW
Min Cold
-643.672 -643.672 Utility 153.89 kW
PINCH -490.7 0
0 0 PINCH REGION PROBLEM
PINCH -490.7 0
1492.769 1492.769
1002.1 1492.8
-703.685 -703.685
298.39 789.08
-635.196 -635.196
-
336.81 153.89

6|Page
. The minimum utility requirement at Tmin= 15 K is shown in figure.

Since no cooling utility is required for Tmin < Tthres where the heating requirement is
constant at 336.81 KW, no energy is saved while capital costs increased as Tmin is
decreased.

7|Page
OPTIMUM APPROACH TEMPERATURE
As Tmin approaches zero the area for heat transfer approaches infinity, while the
utility requirements are reduced to the absolute minimum.
Tmin approaches infinity , the heat transfer area approaches zero the utility
requirements are increased to maximum, with no heat exchange between the hot and
cold streams.
The variations in heat transfer area and utility requirements with Tmin translate into the
variation in capital and operating cost as shown in figure,

For the above case calculation for annualized cost and utilities cost are estimated for
different value for different values of Tmin

So from the above data it can be concluded that the optimum approach temperature for
the above case is 16.9K where the annualized cost is minimum of $ 19580/yr.

8|Page
REFERENCES:

1. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/i100024a018?journalCode=iecfa7
(last visited 06/10/2017)
2. Product and process design principles, Warren D. Seider, J.D.
Seader , Daniel R. Lewin , Wileys Publication , Second edition , page
no- 333 to 338.

9|Page