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Annotated
Bibliography
08 Bibliography 4/17/07 8:56 AM Page 156
This list was compiled to provide references to both classic historical
papers and books on gravity and magnetics interpretation and similar
resources of instructional value. It was compiled by Dick Gibson, but the
core of the list (including many of the annotations, some of which are
quoted) comes from extensive bibliographies prepared by David Chapin
and Alan Reid. Many other people contributed references, and some of
their comments are quoted as well. Although the focus is on interpreta-
tion, a few references to other aspects of gravity and magnetics are
included. The list contains references that range from theoretical treat-
ments to case histories, and we hope that it will be a useful pointer for
explorationists. It is not an exhaustive list, but it is intended as a starting
point and guide.
Abdoh, A., Cowan, D., and Pilkington, M., 1990, 3-D gravity inversion
of the Cheshire Basin: Geophys Prosp., 38, 9991011.
Downloaded 30 Oct 2012 to 192.159.106.200. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright;
A clear example of inversion applied to real geology.
Atchuta Rao, D., and Ram Babau, H. V., 1984, On the halfslope and
straight-slope methods of basement depth determination: Geophysics,
49, 13651368.
Critical and useful examination of some classic methods.
Barnett, C. T., 1976, Theoretical modeling of the magnetic and gravita-
tional fields of an arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional body:
Geophysics, 41, 13531364.
A breakthrough in flexibility and computing speed.
Beyer, L. A. , 1991, Borehole gravity surveys, Short Course notes, Soc.
Expl. Geophys.
An excellent source for general principles of borehole gravity. Has very
good figures and references.
Bhattacharyya, B. K., 1965, Two-dimensional harmonic analysis as a tool
for magnetic interpretation: Geophysics, 30, 829857.
A classic; provides the mathematical basis for many of the tools of the
trade.
Bhattacharyya, B. K., 1978, Computer modeling in gravity and magnetic
interpretation: Geophysics, 43, 912929.
A review of the theory of various modeling schemes.
Annotated Bibliography
156
Blakely, R. J., 1995, Potential theory in gravity and magnetic applications: Ervin, C. P., 1977, Short note: Theory of the Bouguer anomaly:
Cambridge Univ. Press. Geophysics, 42, 1468.
Simply the best thing there is on the mathematics you need to get seri- A short and important paper reiterating basic concepts.
ous about potential fields as applied to exploration geophysics. Alan
Reid Evjen, H. M., 1936, The place of the vertical gradient in gravitational
interpretations: Geophysics, 1, 127136.
Blakely, R. J., and Connard, G. G., 1989, Crustal studies using magnetic
An early paper on gradiometry, which has become one of the hot top-
data, in Pakiser, L. C., and Mooney, W. D., Eds., Geophysical frame-
ics in gravity exploration in the 1990s.
work of the continental United States: Geol. Soc. Am. Memoir 172,
4560.
Gay, S. P. Jr., and Hawley, B. W., 1991, Syngenetic magnetic anomaly
Valuable information for tectonic studies. sources: Three examples: Geophysics, 56, 902913.
Case studies demonstrating the existence and possible genesis for shal-
Bostrom, R. C., 1989, Subsurface exploration via satellite: Structure visi-
low, intrasedimentary magnetic sources.
ble in Seasat images of North Sea, Atlantic continental margin and
Australia:
AAPG
Terms of Bull., 73, 10531064.
Use: http://segdl.org/
Gay, S. P., 1961, Standard curves for interpretation of magnetic anomalies
Well-written early announcement of the expressions of features of explo- over long tabular bodies: Geophysics, 28, 161200.
ration interest that are detectable from satellite.
A classsic aid to interpretation.
Bowin, C., Wollenhaupt, W. R., and Simon, B., 1975, Mascons: A two-
Grant, F. S., 1985, Aeromagnetics, geology and ore environments, I.
body solution. J. Geophys. Res., 80, 49474955.
Magnetite in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks: An
An explanation of gravity anomalies on the moon. overview: Geoexploration, 23, 303333.
This is one of too few papers that help us try to understand what min-
Breiner, S., 1973, Applications manual for portable magnetometers:
eralogy lies behind the anomalies we interpret. Stephen Reford
Geometrics.
A highly readable, although somewhat dated, guide for the acquisition Gunn, P. J., 1975, Linear transformations of gravity and magnetic fields:
and interpretation of magnetic data. Includes good illustrations of basic Geophys. Prosp., 23, 300312.
concepts. A clear and complete exposition on Fourier domain operations, which
dominate many aspects of processing and interpreting gravity and mag-
Chenot, D., and Debeglia, N., 1990, Three-dimensional gravity or mag- netic data.
netic constrained depth inversion with lateral and vertical variation of
contrast: Geophysics, 55, 327335. Gunn, P. J., Ed., 1997, Airborne magnetic and radiometric surveys: AGSO
A complete treatment of depth inversion. J., 17, no. 2.
A valuable, wide-ranging set of papers covering all aspects of magnetic
Cordell, L. E., and Grauch, V. J. S., 1985, Mapping basement magnetiza- work. Australian focus with examples from other parts of the world.
tion zones from aeromagnetic data in the San Juan Basin, New
Mexico, in Hinze, W. J., Ed., The utility of regional gravity and mag- Hammer, S., 1983, Airborne gravity is here!: Geophysics, 48, 213223.
netic anomaly maps: Soc. Expl. Geophys., 181197.
Stirred up a considerable controversy, but announced a significant
Simple but effective. Alan Reid advance.
Eggers, D. E., and Thompson, D. T., 1984, An evaluation of the marine
magnetic gradiometer: Geophysics, 49, 771779.
A method of collecting diurnal-free marine magnetic data.
08 Bibliography 4/17/07 8:56 AM Page 157
Hanna, William F., Ed., 1987, Geologic applications of modern aeromag-
netic surveys: USGS Bull. 1924.
Proceedings of a workshop with useful and instructional examples, espe-
cially for regional tectonics.
Hartman, R. R., Teskey, D. J., and Friedberg, J. L., 1971, A system for
rapid digital aeromagnetic interpretation: Geophysics, 36, 891918.
The best accessible paper on Werner deconvolution.
Heiskanen, W. A., and Meinesz, F. A. V., 1958, The Earth and its gravity
field: McGraw Hill Book Co.
A classic. Contains theory and techniques for dealing with large-scale
gravity data sets.
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Hinze, W. J., Ed., 1985, The utility of regional gravity and magnetic
anomaly maps: Soc. Expl. Geophys.
Thirty-three papers describing continent- and basin-scale data sets and
their analysis. Worldwide application. Something of an inspiration for
the present case-histories volume. Dick Gibson
Hospers, J., Finnstrom, E. G., and Rathore, J. S., 1985, A regional gravity
study of the northern North Sea (56-62N): Geophys. Prosp., 33,
543566.
The effects of isostasy on gravity as applied to petroleum exploration. A
valuable exploration-oriented paper. Vital. Alan Reid
Klitgord, K. D., and Popenoe, P., 1984, Florida: A Jurassic transform plate
boundary: J. Geophys. Res., 89, 77537772.
A modern, integrated regional study which shows the usefulness of grav-
ity and magnetics to interpret plate boundaries and relative motions.
LaFehr, T. R., 1983, Rock density from borehole gravity surveys:
Geophysics, 48, 341356.
One of the first descriptions of borehole gravity technology and its appli-
cation to determination of parameters useful in exploration.
Leaman, D. E., 1994, Criteria for evaluation of potential field interpreta-
tions: First Break, 12, 181191.
This paper sets out procedures for extracting the maximum possible
quantitative geologic information from gravity and magnetic data, using
rigorous methods analogous to those used in interpretation of seismic
profiles. Recommended!
Lines, L. R., Tan, H., and Treitel, S., 1991, Velocity and density imaging
between boreholes: CSEG Recorder, 16, 914.
A unique case study which integrates borehole gravity with the process-
ing and interpretation of cross-well tomography.
Millegan, P. S., 1990, Aspects of the interpretation of Mesozoic rift basins
in northern Sudan using potential fields data: Soc. Expl. Geophys.
Expanded Abstracts, 1, 605607.
Useful exploration case history in a relatively frontier area.
Nabighian, M. N., 1972, The analytic signal of two-dimensional magnetic
bodies with polygonal cross-section: Its properties and use for auto-
mated anomaly interpretations: Geophysics, 37, 507517.
This report describes one of the first (then) new approaches to magnetic
depth estimation in some years.
Naudy, H., 1971, Automatic determination of depth on aeromagnetic pro-
files: Geophysics, 36, 717722.
Digital technique for magnetic depth estimates.
Nettleton, L. L., 1976, Gravity and magnetics in oil prospecting:
McGraw-Hill Book Co.
The classic textbook, out of print and somewhat dated but still highly
readable and informative.
Nettleton, L. L., 1971, Elementary gravity and magnetics for geologists
and seismologists: Soc. Expl. Geophys. Monograph Series, 1.
A simple little handbook that provides a great introduction to classic
(and standard) approaches to gravity and magnetic surveying and
interpretation.
Okubo, Y., Graf, R. J., Hansen, R. O., Qgawa, K., and Tsu, H., 1985,
Curie point depths of the island of Kyushu and surrounding areas,
Japan: Geophysics, 53, 481494.
A case history which shows how to make Curie-point depth estimates
and how to interpret the results.
Patterson, N. R., and Reeves, C. V., 1985, Applications of gravity and
magnetic surveys: The state-of-the-art in 1985: Geophysics, 50,
25582594.
An overview, with some regional case studies, of gravity and magnetic
mapping and interpretation.
Geologic Applications of Gravity and Magnetics: Case Histories
Pawlowski, R. S., 1992, Tutorial: Gravity anomalies for nonspecialists:
The Leading Edge, September, 4143.
A nice review of what gravity anomalies really are, based on models.
Pearson, W. C., Wiener, J. M., and Moll, R. F., 1990, Aeromagnetic struc-
tural interpretation using neural networks: A case study from the
northern Denver-Julesberg Basin: 60th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl.
Geophys., Expanded Abstracts with Biography, 587590.
Artificial intellegence techniques applied to the interpretation of mag-
netic data.
Peters, L. J, 1949, The direct approach to magnetic interpretation and its
practical application: Geophysics, 14, 290-20.
A respected method, widely used in the past and still appropriate in
some cases of low-resolution data or simple, quick, ballpark magnetic
depth estimation.
Prieto, C., Perkins, C., and Berkman, E., 1985, Columbia River basalt
plateauan integrated approach to interpretation of basalt-covered
areas: Geophysics, 50, 27092719.
Integration of seismic reflection, well data, magnetotellurics, and gravity
and magnetics data to analyze subvolcanic plays.
Reford, M. S., 1964, Magnetic anomalies over thin sheets: Geophysics,
29, 532536.
A catalog of models and their computed results.
Reid, A. B., 1980, Aeromagnetic survey design: Geophysics, 45,
973976.
Planning surveys can be as important as acquiring the data. This is
almost the only treatment of this topic that has been published.
Reid, A. B., Allsop, J. M., Granser, H., Millett, A. J., and Somerton,
I. W., 1990, Magnetic interpretation in three dimensions using Euler
deconvolution: Geophysics, 55, 8091.
3-D digital depth to magnetic source using the Euler method. This
method is rapidly gaining favor for its ability to quickly analyze a
large amount of data. David Chapin
Shuey, R. T., and Pasquale, A. S., 1973, End corrections in magnetic pro-
file interpretation: Geophysics, 38, 507512.
Development of the 2.5-D geometry for modeling magnetics. This is the
method used in most current modeling programs.
157
08 Bibliography 4/17/07 8:56 AM Page 158

Simpson, R. W., and Jachens, R. C., Gravity methods in regional studies,
in Pakiser, L. C., and Mooney, W. D., Eds., Geophysical framework of
the continental United States: Geol. Soc. Am. Memoir 172, 3544.
Important for basin analysis and tectonics.
Simpson, R. W., Jachens, R. C., Blakely, R. J., and Saltus, R. W., 1986,
A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United
States with a discussion on the significance of isostatic residual anom-
alies: J. Geophys. Res., 91, 83488372.
Discusses the importance of isostatic gravity maps in the context of tec-
tonic analysis.
Skeels, D. C., 1967, What is residual gravity?: Geophysics, 32, 872876.
An instructional discussion of regional/residual separation.
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Soc. Expl. Geophys., 1948, 1956, Geophysical Case Histories
(2 volumes).
Another inspiration for the present volume. These case histories contain
classic exploration examples of salt domes, reefs, and basement tecton-
ics (before the term existed). U.S. focus, but some examples from basins
around the world.
Annotated Bibliography
158
Thompson, D. T., 1982, EULDPH: A new technique for making com-
puter-assisted depth estimates from magnetic data: Geophysics, 47,
3137.
The original Euler deconvolution paper, describing an automated depth
estimator.
Vacquier, V., Steenland, N. C., Henderson, R. G., and Zeitz, I., 1951,
Interpretation of aeromagnetic maps: Geol. Soc. Amer. Memoir 47.
A classic, widely quoted and, for many years, widely used, and still used
by lots of people.
Wynn, J. C., Ed., 1986, Special issue on geophysics in archeology: Soc.
Expl. Geophys., 51.
Several papers describe magnetic surveys to define features such as
tepee rings and hearths.

Spector, A., and Grant, F. S., 1970, Statistical models for interpreting aero-
magnetic data: Geophysics, 45, 293302.
A classic that has had enormous influence on the subject.

Steenland, N. C., 1965, Oil fields and aeromagnetic anomalies:

Geophysics, 30, 706739.
A classic of direct application to hydrocarbon exploration.

Steenland, N. C., and Brod, R. J., 1960, Basement mapping with aero-
magnetic dataBlind River Basin: Geophysics, 25, 586601.
A high-quality interpretation of aeromagnetic data using good old-
fashioned common sense.

Talwani, M., 1965, Computation with the help of a digital computer of

magnetic anomalies caused by bodies of arbitrary shape: Geophysics,
30, 797817.
A classic that was the basis for many modeling techniques.